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The multi-disciplinary studies yield a more complicated picture on seismic cycles, especially with the increasing evidence on creeping, slow slip events, tremors and repeating earthquakes. Recent observations support triggering of large earthquakes even by small or slow earthquakes and creeping of different portions of the fault. The Palu-Hazar Lake section of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) is an example place of such kind of behaviour, where the 24 January Mw 6.8 Sivrice Earthquake was nucleated along the neighbouring segments. This sinistral strike-slip fault forms the eastern boundary of the Anatolian Scholle between Karlıova (Bingöl) in the northeast and Türkoğlu (Kahramanmaraş) in the southwest within the complex tectonic frame of the Eastern Mediterranean.In this study, we aim to correlate any potential influence of bedrock lithology on this creeping section of the EAF. First, we revised the active fault and geological maps by using the multi spectral satellite images (e.g., Landsat 8 OLI) and high-resolution digital surface models (~0.65 m ground pixel resolution). Then, we determined potential exposures along the EAF and made systematic sampling both from cohesive and incohesive fault rock exposures within our study region. Collected samples are prepared for X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, especially for the determination of the fault clay types. Fault rock samples from ophiolitic (mafic and ultramafic) rocks and accretionary complexes (shale, sandstone, volcanics, ophiolite fragments) are mostly made of vermiculite and include minor amounts of smectite and chlorite according to our XRD measurements. Although the low shear strength of vermiculate may trigger aseismic slip at shallow depths with change in pore water pressure, it is possible that there may be no correlation between bedrock lithology and creeping, considering the poorly known seismic history of the EAF.This study is supported by TÜBİTAK Project no. 118Y435.Keywords: earthquake, East Anatolian Fault, creep, fault rocks

The study area is located in the south of Konya Closed Basin which is the largest Miocene inner basin in Central Anatolia. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the Miocene halite deposits and depositional environments of Tuz Golu lacustrine basin. For this scope, fluid inclusion analyses (K+, Mg2+, SO42-) of nine pure halites were performed and twenty six pure halite samples have been examined. Additionally, K+, Mg2+, SO42- ion concentrations of the fluid inclusions and pure halite samples were compared to Gulf of Suez (GS), Red Sea (RS) and other Cenozoic seawaters (CS). Results from analyses show that K+ content of the fluid inclusions of the halites in the Tuz Golu basin, which are considerably higher than the K+ contents both of the pure halites and the GS and RS and CS, result from dissolution of the primary K+-salts. The Br− content of the pure halite samples is ranging from 5 to 637 ppm. The high Br− (>40 ppm) content indicates the marine origin while the low Br− content is related to dissolution and recycled of the previously deposited marine halites. Mg2+ and SO42- contents of the Tuz Golu basin samples are higher than those of the GS and RS and CS except for TG4 samples. The high Mg2+ and SO42- contents were resulted from the dissolution of previously deposited gypsum and de-dolomitization process. δ34S isotope (18.80 to 21.00‰) and low δ18O (8.10 to 9.50‰) values of the Tuz Golu basin samples, which are compatible with isotope values of the CS, indicate marine origin. In addition, the high δ18O values (16.20 to 20.50‰) and the δ34S content can be explained by recycling of marine sulphate as well as dissolution and re-crystalization of previously deposited sulphates. The possible effective mechanisms causing chemical differences in the Tuz Golu basin, which is a sedimentary basin formed under highly complex different physico-chemical mechanisms, have been detected as (1) the changes in chemistry of halites due to dissolution and re-crystallization processes of previously deposited halites and evaporites, (2) de-dolomitization processes and (3) seawater input.

There are many well-known geothermal systems linked to magmatic activity on Earth, many of which eventually express a surface manifestation of the below ground magmatism. The Oligo-Miocene was a period of very active magmatism that took place in Western Anatolia, where granitoidic plutons were emplaced within crust while calcalkaline to alkaline lavas and associated pyroclastics produced by volcanoes under the control of extensional tectonism. Progressive deformation of the crust due to the extension resulted since that time resulting in the development of a E/NE-W/SW trending fault system and of fracture zones that run perpendicular to main faults.The mineralogical composition of the Hamamtepe and Muratdağı silica sinter deposits is comprised of kaolinite, alunite, and quartz. Microlithofacies of these deposits were defined as, i) massive, ii) laminated, iii) breccia, and iv) porous. δ18O stable isotope analysis on silicified rocks and δ34S with 40Ar/39Ar radiometric age analysis on alunite minerals were performed with the aim of constraining the origin and timing of the silica deposits. We obtained results from δ18O ranging from 12.3 to 18.4 ‰, δ34S ranging from 9.2 and 16.6 ‰, and radiometric age analysis, which all suggest that the silica sinter deposits formed in a steam heated, low pH, oxidizing epithermal environments., coeval with prominent volcanic activity in the region.

Mete, Ersen (Balikesir Author), The electronic and optical properties of thin anatase TiO2 (1 0 1) and (0 0 1) nanowires have been investigated using the screened Coulomb hybrid density functional calculations. For the bare nanowires with sub-nanometer diameters, the calculated band gaps are larger relative to the bulk values due to size effects. The role of organic light harvesting sensitizers on the absorption characteristics of the anatase nanowires has been examined using the hybrid density functional method incorporating partial exact exchange with range separation. For the lowest lying excitations, directional charge redistribution of tetrahydroquinoline (C2-1) dye shows a remarkably different profile in comparison to a simple molecule which is chosen as the coumarin skeleton. The binding modes and the adsorption energies of C2-1 dye and coumarin core on the anatase nanowires have been studied including non-linear solvation effetcs. The calculated optical and electronic properties of the nanowires with these two different types of sensitizers have been interpreted in terms of their electron-hole generation, charge carrier injection and recombination characteristics.

Tunability of the photoabsorption and directional charge injection characteristics of Bodipy-based dye molecules with different carbonyl groups make them promising candidates for photovoltaic applications. In order to study the effect of screening in the Coulomb interaction on the electronic and optical properties of two Bodipy derivatives, we have used linear response time-dependent and exact exchange hybrid density functional approaches. The effect of linear and non-linear solvation models on the electrochemical properties of the dyes has also been discussed., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table

3rd International Scientific Conference on Geobalcanica -- MAY 20-21, 2017 -- Skopje, MACEDONIA, WOS: 000466905500001, Tuzgolu Basin located at the Central Anatolia is an inner enclosed basin and is bounded by Ankara uplift in the north, the Kirsehir massif from in the east and the Sivrihisar-Bozdag massif from the west. The Salt Lake is bordered by Tuzgolu, Aksehir and Nigde fault zones in NE-GW direction. Typical mechanical and sedimentary structures in the evaporitic sediments are observed in especially gypsum and anhydrite, partially glauberite and halite deposits. The most prominent structures observed in the investigated cores are usually sequential sedimentation or stratification, other primary structures are slump structures, sub-strata traces, mud cracks and flat conglomeratic gravel sediments. Stratification in the evaporites showed changes in the mineralogical and textural properties from the bed to the bed. There are also settlement/load structures, ripple cross lamination and cross stratification were determined. As a result of sedimentation, sedimentation-grade bedding and intercalation of clay or carbonate mud and salted mineral mud have been observed. The lacustrine sediments in the inner zones of the basin consist of Ca-Na-sulphate, Mg-sulphate sediments, claystone, carbonate alternation and partly laminated. Repeating the evaporitic sediments in mm and cm thickness provides a seasonal sedimentation view., Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK 114Y629]; Selcuk University Scientific Research ProjectsSelcuk University [16401034], The project was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 114Y629) and the Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects (16401034) support program.

3rd International Scientific Conference on Geobalcanica -- MAY 20-21, 2017 -- Skopje, MACEDONIA, WOS: 000466905500004, The study area is located in the southern parts of Tuzgolu basin namely closed Konya basin, which is one of the largest inner/closed basin of Neogene age in the Central Anatolia (Turkey). The basin was mostly filled with the Late Cretaceous-Quaternary aged different types of minerals. The basin, in deep, starts red colored clastic sediments which are formed from thick red clastic unit was deposited in shallow-deep-shallow marine environments. This study was primarily focused on the textural properties of halite mineral in the Miocene units. The textural properties of the halite mineral have been investigated mainly for detection of environmental conditions and origin of halites as primary and secondary halites. Remnant of chevrons structures are most common primary texture preserved in ancient halite deposits. Upward-growing chevrons determined in the halite minerals show that these textures contain rich fluid inclusions and have cloudy or milky appearance. Halite minerals are interlayered with carbonate, sulfate and clay minerals in the studied core samples. The halite layers are generally observed in thick of mm-dm, salt deposits in the dm-m in size precipitated when condition are suitable that huge thickness of shoal water evaporite can accumulate in very short time frames. The thin laminates of halite indicate the fluid chemistry causing the precipitation and changed in a short time interval of the environment condition. The presence of hoper-textures in halite minerals indicated that the first precipitated on the shallow hyper saline brine pools and when they were undisturbed by wind and waves. The secondary marks were commonly observed in the drillings as the nodular structure anhydrite and mosaic texture of halite. The ratios of Cl/Br and Na/Br in the studied halite samples have very high values that are in relation to dissolution and mixing., Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK 114Y629]; Selcuk University Scientific Research ProjectsSelcuk University [16401034], The project was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 114Y629) and the Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects (16401034) support program.

The study area is located in the southern part of the Tuz Golu in central Anatolia, Turkey. The investigated evaporates were taken from ten drill holes depths ranging from 650 to 1100 meters in Miocene to Quaternary deposits. The determined evaporite minerals are formed from the sulfate group minerals (gypsum, anhydrite, glauberite and partially bloedite), carbonate minerals (dolomite and partially magnesite, rarely calcite), and chloride group (halite and rarely polyhalite in the study. Detrital and/or non-evaporitic mineral are composed of quartz, feldspar, mica, and rarely zeolite minerals.

The study area is located in the southern part of the Tuz Goli in Central Anatolia. Many evaporate minerals e.g. halite, glauberite, gypsum/anhydrite, dolomite and partially calcite, magnesite and bloedite were determined in the Neogene aged evaporitic deposits. Many macro and micro structures were observed in ten cores which of depth range from 655 to 1400 m. Halite mineral is found in three forms in the samples: 1) filling the gaps between the sulfate minerals (matrix), 2) in the massive structure, 3) in the large crystal structure in the mosaic. In the specimens studied, the glauberite mineral is found in two different forms, one being deposited in layers in shallow environments and the other being in the form crystallites with other evaporate minerals in deep. Glauberite crystals are found in macro and microscopic dimensions, especially in the form of banded and random aggregates in the form of spear or partially equilateral quadrangular mosaic and semi-euhedral crystals intercalated with halite and partially anhydrite minerals. Gypsum mineral is found especially in shallow and / or stagnant water as euhedral crystals and can be converted into anhydrite mineral in a very short time due to the change of solution chemistry and diagenesis. Anhydrite minerals usually exhibit banded structures, while single ordered large crystals have also been found.

Ülkemizde akvaryum balıklarına ilgi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Buna paralel olarak akvaryumlara yeni türlerin ilave edilmesiyle akvaryum balıkçılığı daha ilgi çekici bir hal almaktadır. Akvaryum balıkçılığında ilgi çeken balıklar, morfolojik ve biyolojik özellikleri ile dikkat çekici olan türlerdir. Bunlara ilaveten, ülkemizde çöpçü balıkları olarak adlandırılan Corydoras türleri de renkleri ilgi çekici olmamasına rağmen hem akvaryumların temiz kalmasına yardımcı olmaları hem de kendilerine özgü üreme şekilleriyle ilgi çeken türler olduğundan yüksek oranda tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; akvaryumların dip kısmını hareketlendiren Corydoras türlerinin biyolojik özellikleri, genel üreme biyolojileri ve yetiştiricilik koşulları incelenmiştir

The adsorption of two different organic molecules cyanidin glucoside (C$_{21}$O$_{11}$H$_{20}$) and TA-St-CA on anatase (101) and (001) nanowires have been investigated using the standard and the range separated hybrid density functional theory calculations. The electronic structures and optical spectra of resulting dye--nanowire combined systems show distinct features for these types of photochromophores. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the natural dye cyanidin glucoside is located below the conduction band of the semiconductor while, in the case of TA-St-CA, it resonates with the states inside the conduction band. The wide-bandgap anatase nanowires can be functionalized for solar cells through electron-hole generation and subsequent charge injection by these dye sensitizers. The intermolecular charge transfer character of Donor-$\pi$-Acceptor type dye TA-St-CA is substantially modified by its adsorption on TiO$_2$ surfaces. Cyanidin glucoside exhibits relatively stronger anchoring on the nanowires through its hydroxyl groups. The atomic structures of dye--nanowire systems re-optimized with the inclusion of nonlinear solvation effects showed that the binding strengths of both dyes remain moderate even in ionic solutions., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures

Fresh to weathered metarhyolites crop out in the Ilgın (Konya) area of the Afyon-Bolkardağ Zone. Determination of the development of weathering was studied by physical (i.e. specific gravity, dry unit weight, saturated unit weight, porosity, void ratio, and degree of saturation by weight) and mechanical (i.e. point load) properties and the \"point rock change value\" (RCVp) and \"point rock change ratio\" (RCRp) values of the metarhyolite rock samples. The samples were classified in 3 groups (i.e. A, B, and C) representing degree of weathering from weathered to fresh rocks based on their RCVp and RCRp values. The K2O values are 7.09 wt.%, 8.62 wt.%, and 8.75 wt.% and the matrix ratios are 60%-70%, 50%-60%, and 20%-25% for groups A, B, and C, respectively. The RCVp and RCRp values of the studied samples range between 0.952 and 0.99 and 4.973% and 0.989%, respectively. Calculations show that metarhyolites will be completely changed by weathering at a 9.01% RCRp value according to metarhyolite alkali values varying in the 8.12%-9.40% range, with the average value being 8.89%. At the end of the rock change processes by weathering, the rocks remain chemically as metarhyolite, while their physico-mechanical properties and mineralogical compositions change to become soil. The average K-Ar ages vary between 60.4 ± 0.9 Ma and 64.1 ± 2.00 Ma. The whole-rock alteration can furthermore be predicted by the relationships between the RCRp and K-Ar ages of the 3 groups, which indicate that the rocks will be fully altered in the next 4.593 and 9.393 Ma. The whole-rock alteration will be completed for group A rocks in 4.6 Ma, for group B rocks in 7.2 Ma, and group C rocks in 9.4 Ma, provided that all the weathering agents take effect under the same conditions across the area.

Ünal, Hatice (Balıkesir Author), The electronic properties of quasi-one-dimensional anatase TiO2 nanostructures, in the form of thin nanowires having (101) and (001) facets, have been systematically investigated using the standard, hybrid density functional and quasiparticle calculations. Their visible photoabsorption characteristics have also been studied at these levels of theories. The thin stoichiometric nanowire models are predicted to have larger band gaps relative to their bulk values. The band-gap-related features appear to be better described with the screened Coulomb hybrid density functional method compared to the standard exchange-correlation schemes. Depending on the self-consistency in the perturbative GW methods, even larger energy corrections have been obtained for the band gaps of both (101) and (001) titanium dioxide nanowires., TUBITAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey 110T394

The adsorption of organic molecules coumarin and the donor-$\pi$-acceptor type tetrahydroquinoline (C2-1) on anatase (101) and (001) nanowires have been investigated using screened Coulomb hybrid density functional theory calculations. While coumarin forms single bond with the nanowire surface, C2-1 additionally exhibits bidentate mode giving rise to much stronger adsorption energies. Nonlinear solvation effects on the binding characteristics of the dye chromophores on the nanowire facets have also been examined. These two dye sensitizers show different electronic charge distributions for the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular states. We studied the electronic structures in terms of the positions of the band edges and adsorbate related band gap states and their effect on the absorption spectra of the dye-nanowire combined systems. These findings were interpreted and discussed from the view point of better light harvesting and charge separation as well as in relation to more efficient charge carrier injection into the semiconductor nanowire., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table

Dacitic andesitic calc-alkaline lavas and their pyroclastic rocks of Upper Cretaceous age are widespread in the Ordu area, eastern Black Sea Coast of Turkey. Ca-bentonite and Ca/Nabentonite deposits with significant economic potential formed in the broader region. The mineralogy and geochemistry of these deposits were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analyses. The parent rocks (PR) and bentonite samples were analysed for the major and trace element contents, including rare-earth elements, to understand the effect of differential alterations on element mobility. The bentonites contain mainly di-octahedral Ca-montmorillonite with minor amounts of illite, quartz, calcite, dolomite and feldspar. Primary K-feldspar and plagioclase phenocrysts were altered in the bentonite horizons, and were completely leached at greater depth. For this reason, the higher quality bentonites are found at deeper zones. Bentonite horizons are characterized by relatively high loss on ignition (LOI: 9.8–20.8%) and MgO content (3–5%) and low K2O (REE) patterns show identical trends characterized by strong light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment in both the PR and bentonite samples. The LREE contents are higher than those of their heavy counterparts (HREE) in the samples. Alteration of the PR to bentonite is associated with intense chemical leaching and subsequent removal of K and Na in open-system conditions.

Physically reasonable electronic structures of reconstructed rutile TiO${}_{2}$(110)-(1$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$2) surfaces were studied using density functional theory (DFT) supplemented with Hubbard $U$ on-site Coulomb repulsion acting on the $d$ electrons, the so called DFT $+$ $U$ approach. Two leading reconstruction models proposed by Onishi and Iwasawa [Surf. Sci. Lett. 313, 783 (1994)] and Park and coworkers [Phys. Rev. B 75, 245415 (2007)] were compared in terms of their thermodynamic stabilities.

The adsorption profiles and electronic structures of ${\text{Pt}}_{n}(n=1--4)$ clusters on stoichiometric, reduced and reconstructed rutile ${\text{TiO}}_{2}(110)$ surfaces were systematically studied using on site $d\text{\ensuremath{-}}d$ Coulomb interaction corrected hybrid density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations. The atomic structure of small Pt cluster adsorbates mainly depends on the stoichiometry of the corresponding titania support. The cluster shapes on the bulk terminated ideal surface look like their gas phase low-energy structures. However, for instance, they get significantly distorted on the reduced surfaces with increasing oxygen vacancies. On nonstoichiometric surfaces, Pt-Ti coordination becomes dominant in the determination of the adsorption geometries. The electronic structure of ${\text{Pt}}_{n}/{\text{TiO}}_{2}(110)$ systems cannot be correctly described by pure DFT methods, particularly for nonstoichiometric cases due to the inappropriate treatment of the correlation for $d$ electrons. We performed $\text{DFT}+U$ calculations to give a reasonable description of the reconstructed rutile (110) surface. Pt clusters induce local surface relaxations that influence band edges of titania support and bring a number of band-gap states depending on the cluster size. Significant band gap narrowing occurs upon ${\text{Pt}}_{n}$-surface interaction due to adsorbate driven states on the bulk terminated and reduced surfaces. On the other hand, they give rise to a band-gap widening associated to partial reoxidation of the reconstructed surface. No metallization arises even for ${\text{Pt}}_{4}$ on rutile.