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Background: It is proven that B vitamins through promote a wide range of metabolic pathways in animals as cofactors improve animal performance. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of maternal B complex vitamin injection on performance and plasma parameters in goats and their offspring, as well as the faeces status of newborn kids. Methods: In this research, the pregnant goats (3 years old) were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (without B complex vitamin injection) and the B complex vitamin group (5 mL B complex vitamin injection per animal). The animals were injected with 5 mL B complex vitamin twice during the transition period (5 weeks pre‐ and 5 weeks post‐kidding). The goats during the transition period and kids on days 10, 20 and 30 were weighed. Feed intake by goats and consumption of milk and starter in kids were recorded daily. The dry matter digestibility by kids was tested by collecting samples of faeces and feed for 5 days in the last week. Chemical analysis was determined using the AOAC method. The kids' faeces were prepared daily during the study. The blood samples of goats and newborn kids were taken 7 days after kidding. Then, levels of B group vitamin, as well as concentrations of liver enzymes, thyroid hormones and immunological parameters, were determined in plasma of goat and their offspring. In addition, concentrations of glucose and insulin were measured in goat plasma (Asadi et al., 2024). Results: According to results, the performances of goats and their offspring, as well as kids' faeces status, were improved by maternal B complex vitamin injection (p < 0.0001). The levels of cobalamin, pyridoxine, thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic, pantothenic and unconjugated pteridine increased in the plasma of goats and their kids in the B complex vitamin group compared with the control group during the transition period (p < 0.0001). Injection of maternal B complex vitamin raised the plasma levels of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in goats and their offspring (p < 0.0001). Higher levels of glucose and lower levels of insulin were determined in the goats injected with B complex vitamin (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These results suggest that maternal B complex vitamin injection is required for the improvement of performance, health status and the blood plasma parameters in pregnant goats and their kids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been documented that adequate maternal manganese (Mn) status is vital for performance and health of ewes and their newborn lambs. However, required level and form of dietary Mn in ruminants are not well defined. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal organic Mn supplementation on performance, immunological status, blood biochemical and antioxidant status of Afshari ewes and their newborn lambs in transition period. For this purpose, various organic Mn concentrations were utilized as a supplementary ingredient in formulating the diets of ewes. The ewes were randomly allocated into three groups, fed with 0, and 80 mg/kg organic Mn supplemented diet. At the end of the experiment, the parameters including the performance of newborn lambs, as well as biochemical factors, immune status and antioxidant status in ewes and their newborn lambs were evaluated. The results showed a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of Mn, glucose, insulin, thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, GPX, CAT) in ewes and their newborn lambs that were treated with maternal organic Mn. Moreover, inorganic Mn treatments, the concentration of IgG in newborn lamb's plasma, and colostrum of ewes increased. According to this research, organic Mn acts as a valuable and safe supplementary material that could be exploited for enhancing health of ewes and their newborn lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Gene activation of HOX clusters is an early event in embryonic development. These genes are highly expressed and active in the vertebrate nervous system. Based on the presence of retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in the regulatory region of many of the HOX genes, it is deduced that retinoic acid (RA) can influence epigenetic regulation and consequently the expression pattern of HOX during RA-induced differentiation of embryonic model systems. In this investigation, the expression level as well as the epigenetic regulation of several HOX genes of the 4 A-D clusters was analyzed in human embryonic stem cells, and also through their neural induction, in the presence and absence of RA. Expression analysis data significantly showed increased mRNA levels of all examined HOX genes in the presence of RA. Epigenetic analysis of the HOX gene regulatory regions also showed a significant decrease in methylation of histone H3K27 parallel to an absolute preferential incorporation of the demethylase UTX rather than JMJD3 in RA-induced neural differentiated cells. This finding clearly showed the functional role of UTX in epigenetic alteration of HOX clusters during RA-induced neural differentiation; the activity could not be detectable for the demethylase JMJD3 during this developmental process. Key words: HOX, retinoic acid, H3K27-demethylase, UTX, JMJD. L'activation genique des grappes HOX est un evenement precoce du developpement embryonnaire. Ces genes sont fortement exprimes et actifs dans le systeme nerveux des vertebres. Sur la base de la presence d'un element de reponse a l'acide retinoique (RARE) dans la region regulatrice de plusieurs genes HOX, on a deduit que l'acide retinoique peut influencer le controle epigenetique et, consequemment, le patron d'expression des HOX au cours de la differenciation de systemes modeles embryonnaires induite par l'AR. Dans cette recherche, le niveau d'expression ainsi que la regulation epigenetique de plusieurs genes HOX des quatre grappes A-D ont ete analyses dans des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines (hESC) ainsi qu'au cours de l'induction neurale, en presence ou en absence d'acide retinoique. L'analyse des donnees d'expression montrait un accroissement significatif des niveaux d'ARNm de tous les genes HOX examines en presence d'AR. L'analyse epigenetique des regions regulatrices des genes HOX a aussi montre une diminution significative de la methylation de l'histone H3K27 parallelement a une incorporation preferentielle absolue de la demethylase UTX plutot que JMJD3 chez les cellules neurales differenciees par l'AR. Ce resultat montrait clairement le role fonctionnel de UTX dans la modification epigenetique des grappes HOX lors de la differenciation neurale induite par l'AR, l'activite de la demethylase JMJD3 etant indetectable durant ce processus developpemental. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: HOX, acide retinoique, H3K27-demethylase, UTX, JMJD3., Introduction Chromatin structure is usually defined by a set of posttranslational modifications of histones, such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination (Kouzarides 2007; Bannister and Kouzarides 2011). Two counteracting groups [...]