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The assistant workforce is a constituent presence in all schools. Progressive reconfiguration of the role has resulted in a hybrid position, with assistants customarily navigating power relationships in the hierarchy of the school. This paper employs Bourdieu's theory of social fields, in particular, his system of relations, as a means to consider the intersection of habitus and capital amongst assistants in special schools in Northern Ireland. Using this analytic approach, focus group interviews with Classroom Assistants and Health Assistants explored their current deployment, their interaction with each other and with teachers. Data was collected from 47 participants across 7 special schools, with interviews transcribed and thematically analysed. Findings revealed assistants as a workforce in transition, whose conventional habitus has been steadily disrupted by a supply and demand culture often at variance with the origins of the post. Whilst such divergence has the potential to create a site of struggle, the burgeoning social and cultural capital held by assistants has, instead, re-configured their perceived position within the special school environment, creating more porous professional boundaries and an increasingly fluid professional identity. These explanatory insights offer a fresh perspective for further research into this pivotal yet under-researched group in Northern Ireland.

ABSTRACT Data measurement, instrument selection, and sampling are fundamental elements in quantitative research and data collection. Data measurement is the systematic assignment of numeric values or categories to variables to permit measurement with precision and accuracy. Instrument selection involves selecting the right tool or method to collect data effectively and accurately and ensure the reliability and validity of the data. Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals or items from a larger population to best represent that population, free of bias and generalizable. Understanding these key terms ensures that data collected is valid, reliable, and appropriate for future statistical analysis and interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper provides a summary of the main quantitative research designs. Quantitative research designs occur in a hierarchy of evidence, ranging from descriptive research designs such as cross‐sectional studies, and cohort designs, to more carefully constructed experimental designs like randomised control trials (RCT's). The quality of a study's findings is determined by factors affecting its internal validity and its application to other settings is gauged by its external validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The district nurse is identified as a keyworker in community based palliative care. However, a dearth of research exists on trainees' views and understanding of adopting the role upon qualification. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the understanding and perceptions of district nurse trainees in relation to the palliative care key worker role. Methods: Data was gathered via online semi-structured interviews (n=10) and the results were analysed using a thematic model. Findings: The four evolving themes included: understanding of the palliative care key worker role scope and function; the level of preparation for the role; a juggling act and embedding the role in practice. Conclusion: The themes highlighted various drivers and barriers that reflect a degree of incongruence with policy and practice. Recommendations to standardise the palliative care key worker role, underpinned by formal preparation and clearly defined responsibilities may enhance future development and implementation of the role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term care facilities are increasingly important places for palliative and end-of-life care provision in Japan. While the importance of culture has been noted for palliative and end-of-life care, an exploration of its influence on care provision in long-term care settings has received little direct attention in Japan. Exploring staff views and beliefs in palliative and end-of-life care in these settings can potentially enhance our understanding of culturally oriented care and facilitate the development of tailored and more effective support practices. This study aimed to explore the cultural views and beliefs regarding palliative and end-of-life care among the staff in Japanese long-term care facilities. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using focus groups with facility staff (N = 71) and semi-structured interviews with facility managers (N = 10) in the Kanto region of Japan. Thematic analysis was conducted according to Braun and Clarke's approach. The findings are presented in five key themes: 'Changes in society's and family's end-of-life perspectives', 'Values and beliefs regarding death and dying', 'Anxiety and regret', 'Tensions in doing the right thing' and 'Ways of alleviating pressure'. The findings indicate that the provision of palliative and end-of-life care is underpinned by cultural nuances that influence care providers' approach and delivery. Recognising and understanding the cultural beliefs of staff around death, dying and end-of-life care are important in meeting the needs of residents. Palliative care education for staff in these settings should include cultural considerations that reflect changing societal views on death and dying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-loss grief can be experienced by relatives before impending death; however, limited understanding exists about the impact of pre-loss grief on bereavement. This systematic review aimed to synthesize qualitative research evidence reporting adults' experiences of pre-loss grief within cancer care. Thirteen studies were selected, and three key themes identified. Findings indicate that relatives transitioned through lived experiences during end-stage cancer, and that meanings attached to these experiences influenced how they experienced pre-loss grief. Limited formal support was identified to navigate these experiences; however, context was seen as important, and skilled healthcare practitioners and physical environment were key to facilitating preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]