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Shaimaa Mohamed Abdelfattah Hassan,1 Moutasem Salih Aboonq,2 Emad A Albadawi,3 Yasmeen Aljehani,4,5 Hytham Mahmoud Abdel-Latif,6 Reham A Mariah,7 Noha M Shafik,7 Tamer M Soliman,8 Abdelhady Ragab Abdel-Gawad,8 Faten M Omran,6 Wafaa A Abdellah,6 Ahmed Shehata,9,10 Husam Shahada,11 Hussam H Baghdadi,12 Hanan Yousef Aly,13 Alfarazdeg Saad,12 Manal Mohamed Helmy Nabo,14 Abdullah Almilaibary,15 Heba M Eltahir,16 Salah Mohamed El Sayed,12,17 Mustafa AM Abu-Elnaga,18,19 Yasser M Elbastawisy3,20 1Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; 2Department of Medical Physiology, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 3Anatomy and Embryology Department, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 4Academic Affairs, Training and Research (CAO), King Salman Bin Abdelaziz Medical City, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 5Family Medicine, Research and Studies Department and Health Affairs in Al-Madinah Region, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Medical Pharmacology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 7Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; 8Department of Clinical Pathology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 9Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 10Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 11Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Uhud Hospital, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 12Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 13Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 14Department of Pediatrics, Al-Rayyan Medical College, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 15Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia; 16Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Biochemistry Division, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia; 17Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 18Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al-Rayyan Medical Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 19Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt; 20Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptCorrespondence: Alfarazdeg Saad, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia, Tel +249-91-219-0492, Email elfarazdeg.sudan@gmail.comBackground: Studies regarding treatment of acute toxicity with diclofenac (ATD) are quite few. Diclofenac is commonly prescribed in neurology, psychiatry, and general medicine practice. This study investigated possible colon-protective effects exerted by Ajwa date fruit extract (ADFE), a prophetic medicine remedy native to Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia against ATD. Phytochemicals in ADFE as gallic acid and quercetin have reported protective effects against ATD.Methods: Total phenols and flavonoids in ADFE were estimated as equivalents to gallic acid and quercetin. Four experimental groups were allocated each of six rats: control group, ATD group received a single dose of 150 mg diclofenac intraperitoneally, toxicity prevention group received a single dose of ADFE orally followed 4 hours later by diclofenac injection, and toxicity treatment group received a similar diclofenac dose followed 4 hours later by a single dose of ADFE. Four days later, animals were sacrificed. Histological and biochemical examinations were done.Results: ADFE has a total phenolic content of 331.7 gallic acid equivalent/gram extract and a total flavonoid content of 70.23 quercetin equivalent/gram. ATD significantly increased oxidative stress markers as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Serum MDA and H2O2 were significantly scavenged by ADFE. ATD significantly (p< 0.001) decreased antioxidant power as serum total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity. That was reversed by ADFE in both prevention and treatment groups. Histologically, ATD caused complete destruction of colonic crypts architecture, patchy loss of the crypts, loss of the surface epithelium, absent goblet cells and submucosal exudate, heavy infiltration of the lamina propria and submucosa with inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes and eosinophils. There were mucosal haemorrhages and submucosal dilated congested blood vessels. All that was prevented and treated using ADFE.Conclusion: ADFE is rich in quercetin and gallic acid equivalents that exert potent antitoxic effects. ADFE is strongly recommended for preventive and therapeutic colon effects against ATD.Keywords: diclofenac, acute toxicity, Ajwa date extract, colon, histology, polyphenols and flavonoids

For competitive reasons, inland ships as maritime ships are increasingly larger with powerful propulsive systems. The impact of this evolution on the environment is multiple. One of the major impacts is the erosion of the channel bed and the sediment suspension. This erosion phenomenon is essentially caused by the turbulent flow around the ship generated by its movement as well as its propulsive system. Hence, for a better prediction and understanding of this phenomenon, it is indispensable to simulate with great precision the flow around the ship hull and the induced shear stress at the bottom. Different ways were used in the past to estimate the shear stress at the waterway bottom. Some of these ways are empirical, analytical and numerical using shallow water models. In the present work to study the erosion phenomenon caused by the inland transport, a sedimentary transport model was developed and implemented in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model (Fluent) as external code. The coupled model was firstly verified and validated using measurements. The validated model was subsequently used to assess the influence of several parameters: depth (h) to draught (T) ratio, ship advance ratio (J), ship speed and sediment size (d50). The first results show clearly that the coupled model behaves correctly and gives very satisfactory results. The impact of each parameter was compared and analyzed.

This paper studies the behaviour of a quayside floater oscillating in front of a vertical dike. In order to study the floater motion and the impact of the dike on the floater, a linear analytical model based on 2D potential flow theory in intermediate water depth conditions and a numerical model resolving 2D Navier–Stokes equations are developed. Physical tests performed for different floater dimensions in a wave tank are used as references for the analytical and numerical models. The comparison of the results obtained analytically, numerically and experimentally leads to the validity domain of the potential model. A correction of this model is proposed, based on the optimization of the radiated coefficients, and a quadratic drag term is added according to Morison equation. The impact of the different parameters of the system on floater behaviour is considered. Results show that the draft has the most important impact on floater motion.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which families follow referral and follow-up recommendations given in accordance with the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) strategy and the factors that influence families' responses to such recommendations. METHODS: Children aged 2 months-5 years who presented to an IMCI-trained health worker in Massalamia Health Area, Sudan, were recruited. Children with an IMCI classification that indicated the need for referral or follow-up were traced to determine whether the family complied with the referral or follow-up recommendation. Caretakers were interviewed to find out why they had or had not complied. Focus group discussions were held with health workers, caretakers, and community members. FINDINGS: Overall, 5745 children were enrolled. Of these, 162 (3%) were considered to be in need of urgent referral: 53 (33%) attended a hospital on the day of the referral, with a further 37 (23%) visiting the hospital later than the day of referral. About half of families cited cost as the reason for not visiting a hospital. A total of 1197 (21%) children were classified as needing follow-up. Compliance with a follow-up recommendation was 44% (529 children). Almost 165 (90%) of caretakers who were aware of and did not comply with follow-up, said they had not done so because the child was better. Compliance increased with the caretaker's level of education, if drugs were provided during the first visit, and if the follow-up period was short (2 or 5 days). CONCLUSION: In Massalamia--a resource-constrained environment in which IMCI implementation was well received by the community--only about half of children judged to be in need of urgent referral were taken for that care within 24 hours. Most children in need of follow-up received their first treatment dose in the health facility. This aspect of IMCI was commented upon favourably by caretakers, and it may encourage them to return for follow-up. Rates of return might also improve if return visits for children currently asked to return after 14 or 30 days were scheduled earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the corrected colonization index (CCI) and (1, 3)-ß-D Glucan (BDG) in diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis (IC) in critically ill pediatric patients., Methods: A prospective observational study in a tertiary care (PICU) were surveyed for Candida colonization and CCI was calculated. For cases with suspicious clinical presentation, samples were cultured, and double(1,3) ß-D- glucan (BDG) performed., Results: According to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer EORTC case definition for critically ill non-neutropenic patients, only 7.14 % (9/188) were diagnosed as IC (4 proven and 5 probable cases). The combined use of CCI with BDG proved to have excellent discriminative power AUC= 0.946, improved sensitivity 87.5 % and specificity 85.71 %., Conclusion: The key in diagnosis of IC relies in compiling proofs from the clinical context, high CCI (≥ 0.4) and BDG., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents a significant health concern, often leading to substantial cognitive decline among older adults. A prominent feature of AD is progressive dementia, which eventually disrupts daily functioning and the ability to live independently. A major challenge in addressing AD is its prolonged pre-symptomatic phase, which makes early detection difficult. Moreover, the disease's complexity and the inefficiency of current diagnostic methods impede the development of targeted therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance diagnostic methodologies for detection and treating AD even before clinical symptoms appear. Exosomes are nanoscale biovesicles secreted by cells, including nerve cells, into biofluids. These exosomes play essential roles in the central nervous system (CNS) by facilitating neuronal communication and thus influencing major physiological and pathological processes. Exosomal cargo, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), are critical mediators in this cellular communication, and their dysregulation affects various pathological pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. This review discusses the significant roles of exosomal miRNAs in the pathological mechanisms related to AD, focusing on the promising use of exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease.

X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the structural, surface and particles properties of a series of zinc oxides (ZnO) doped with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that were prepared using the sol-gel method. The results demonstrated that the crystallinity of the catalysts decreased as the PVA content increased beyond 5 PVA/ZnO. However, on raising the calcination temperature up to 500 °C, the average crystal size of the PVA/ZnO nanoparticles increased. Next Pyridine adsorption was used to measure the surface acidity of the catalysts, and the results showed that doping ZnO with PVA and raising the calcination temperature to 500 °C increased the catalyst's surface acidity. Furthermore, the data indicates that raising the ratio of the Brønsted to Lewis acid sites enhanced the catalytic activity for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives. We concluded that the structural and acidity characteristics of the catalysts under study had a significant impact on the catalytic activity. Furthermore, a study examining the biological activity of ZnO/PVA and pure ZnO revealed that 5PVA/ZnO performed the best in terms of improving the kidney functions of diabetic rats., Competing Interests: Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study advances the understanding of risk and protective factors in trajectories of conduct problems in adolescence in seven countries that differ widely on a number of sociodemographic factors as well as norms related to adolescent behavior. Youth- and parent-report data from 988 adolescents in seven countries (Colombia, Italy, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the USA) who were followed longitudinally from ages 10 to 18 (yielding 6872 total data points) were subject to latent class growth analysis. A 4-class model provided the best fit to the data: Late Starters, Alcohol Experimenters, Mid-Adolescent Starters, and Pervasive Risk Takers. The probability of membership in each class differed by country in ways that were generally consistent with country-specific norms and expectations regarding adolescent behavior. Positive parenting was associated with a lower likelihood of adolescents' membership in the Pervasive Risk Takers class, whereas psychological control, monitoring/behavioral control, and autonomy granting were associated with a higher likelihood of membership in the Pervasive Risk Takers class. Associations between parenting and membership in the other classes suggest that some risk taking during adolescence is normative even when parenting is positive., (© 2024. Society for Prevention Research.)