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Background: In most ophthalmic surgeries, patients are conscious or semi-conscious, and hence, they may experience varying levels of anxiety during surgery. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an interdisciplinary supportive educational program on anxiety among patients undergoing cataract surgery (CS). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in February–August 2019 using a two-group pretest–posttest design. Participants were 64 patients with cataract who were referred to Feiz Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, for undergoing CS. They were consecutively recruited and randomly assigned to either a control or an intervention group. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Participants in the intervention group received an interdisciplinary supportive educational intervention, while their counterparts in the control group received routine care services. State anxiety and trait anxiety were assessed both on the sampling day and after regaining full postoperative consciousness. Data analysis was done via the independent and the paired samples t-, the Mann–Whitney U-, and the Chi-square tests. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and the control groups respecting the pretest mean scores of state anxiety (35.25 ± 8.51 vs. 35.72 ± 9.43; P = 0.83) and trait anxiety (38.25 ± 7.002 vs. 39.16 ± 8.58; P = 0.64). However, there were statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the posttest mean scores of state anxiety (28.66 ± 10.39 vs. 34.84 ± 9.36; P = 0.02) and trait anxiety (31.76 ± 8.51 vs. 38.13 ± 10.29; P = 0.01). Conclusion: As a simple and inexpensive intervention, an interdisciplinary supportive and educational program through both face-to-face communication and telecommunication methods is effective in significantly reducing anxiety among patients undergoing CS.

Purpose: Ameloblastoma is a non-encapsulated and slow-growing tumor with high recurrence rate. Orbital involvement by this neoplasm is an extremely rare entity. In this study, we present a systematic review on this situation along with clinical and paraclinical features of a case. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on major medical sources. Data of the cases in the literature in addition to our own case were extracted, summarized, and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 36 other cases from 20 relevant studies were also reviewed. Review topics included epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathologic features, differential diagnosis, imaging, treatment, and prognosis. We provided a five-year history of a 50-year-old man with orbital/skull base invasion of plexiform maxillary ameloblastoma. Conclusions: Maxillary ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive neoplasm, and physicians must be alert to the biologic behavior of this tumor to detect any invasion to critical structures such as orbit and cranium. Orbital ameloblastoma causes significant morbidity and mortality. We advocate meticulous patient follow-up with regular clinical examinations and paraclinical work-up for timely detection of any invasion or recurrence. The best must be done to avoid extensions by aggressive removal of maxillary ameloblastoma.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the central corneal thickness measured by Orbscan II, ultrasound and Pentacam in patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out during one year in Feyz hospital, Isfahan city, Iran in 2013. The sample included 84 eyes of 84 patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy with no history of corneal or intra-ocular surgery. Each patient's corneal thickness was measured and recorded using 3 devices of Orbscan, ultrasound and Pentacam. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: Central corneal thickness (CCT) measured by Orbscan II had good correlation with those measured by ultrasound (r = 0.077, P < 0.050). Orbscan II had good correlation in central corneal thickness measurement with Pentacam (r = 0.072, P < 0.050). Peripheral corneal thickness (PCT) measured by Pentacam had good correlation with those measured by ultrasound and there was no considerable discrepancy between the two methods. Orbscan II had good correlation in superior, inferior and temporal corneal thickness but there was considerable discrepancy in nasal corneal thickness measured by Orbscan II with those of ultrasound (r = 0.420, P < 0.050, t = -2.74, P = 0.010). Conclusion: Pentacam and Orbscan II showed good correlation with ultrasound in central corneal thickness measurement; however, in peripheral corneal thickness measurement, Pentacam had better correlation compared to Orbscan II in patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy.

Background: There is accumulating evidence for a possible protective role of vitamin D in the development and disease course of multiple sclerosis. Whether vitamin D is also effective in treating patients with optic neuritis (ON) is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral vitamin D on the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in vitamin D deficient patients with ON by optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: A Phase II placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial conducted between July 2011 and November 2012 included 52 patients with confirmed unilateral ON aged 15-38 years and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. The main outcome measures were changes in thickness of RNFL and macula 6 months after treatment. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 6 months of treatment with adding either 50,000 IU/week vitamin D or placebo. Results: In the 27 patients treated with vitamin D, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) thickness of RNFL decreased from 111.3 (18.9) μm at baseline to 91.4 (13.3) at the end of study period (P < 0.001). Correspondingly, in the 25 patients treated with placebo, the mean (SD) thickness of RNFL decreased from 113.7 (21.5) μm at baseline to 96.1 (12.3) at the end of study period (P < 0.01). In both groups, the mean thickness of the macula did not changed (P > 0.05). Average thickness of RNFL at the end of trial did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Adding vitamin D to routine disease therapy had no significant effect on the thickness of RNFL or macula in patients with ON. This trial is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT01465893).

Background: This study aimed to compare two doses of Mitomycin C in reducing haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy. Methods: 170 eyes of 85 patients enrolled; in each patient one eye randomly assigned to be treated by low dose intraoperative MMC (LDMMC) and other eye by standard dose MMC (SDMMC). Then the patients were followed up to 6 months and refraction, Uncorrected Distant Visual Acuity (UCDVA), Best Corrected Distant Visual Acuity (BCDVA) and haze formation submitted in each postoperative exam. Results: The mean preoperative refraction in LDMMC eyes was -3.08 (SD 1.65) sphere and 0.92 (SD 0.88) cylinder. These values for SDMMC eyes were -3.25 (SD 1.80) sphere and 0.81 (SD 0.84) cylinder. Mean postoperative sphere in LDMMC group was -0.132 (SD 0.503) and -0.138 (SD 0.484) in 3 and 6 months after PRK. These results was -0.041 (SD 0.501) and -0.076 (SD 0.489) for SDMMC group. Mean postoperative cylinder 3 and 6 month after PRK was 0.435 (SD 0.218) and 0.423 (SD 0.255). In LDMMC group and 0.435 (SD 0.247) and 0.426 (SD 0.261) in SDMMC group. In third month 14 eyes in LDMMC group presented with grade 1 score of clinical haze. From these eyes only 2 still had this haze after 6 month. 7 eyes in SDMMC group had grade 1 clinical haze at third month- but no clinical haze was seen at the end of 6 th month. Conclusion: The results of the two doses of Mitomycin C were not significant. We suggest to use the lower dose to reduce its side effects.

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) can be the first presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Anti-aquaporin-4 IgG (AQP4 IgG) is a highly specific and moderately sensitive biomarker for NMO. This study was designed to assess the rate of seropositivity for AQP4 IgG, and the short-term outcome of patients presenting with single isolated ON (SION). Methods: A cohort of 41 consecutive patients experiencing severe (< 20 / 200) SION (not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for MS or NMO), was prospectively recruited. Blood sampling was carried out immediately after the diagnosis of ON, and AQP4 IgG was tested qualitatively, using an indirect immunofluorescence kit. After clinical and paraclinical investigations, all the patients were followed up for a short-term period of at least 18 months. Results: The seroprevalence among the initial ON patients was 9.7% (4 / 41). The short-term conversion rate to MS and NMO was estimated to be about 7.3 and 4.9%, respectively. The conversion rate to NMO in initially seropositive patients was greater than that for the whole cohort [2 / 4 (50%) vs. 2 / 41 (4.9%); P = 0.035; Odds ratio: 19.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 219.50]. Conclusion: AQP4 IgG seropositive SION patients were more likely to develop NMO in comparison to the total SION population. Further studies, with a longer follow-up period and larger sample sizes are warranted to assess the clinical and prognostic value of assessing AQP4 IgG in SION.

Objectives: The onset of multiple sclerosis in the majority of the cases occurs as a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). We sought to assess serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in CIS patients and healthy controls. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 40 patients (36 women and 4 men) with CIS manifesting as a single isolated optic neuritis and 40 Age- and sex-matched healthy controls (35 women and 5 men) were enrolled between late October 2010 and early March 2011. General vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-OHD levels of lower than 20 ng/ml and was classified as mild (15 < 25-OHD

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the changes of posterior corneal curvature after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in patient with myopia greater than 6 diopters. Methods: The study was conducted on 107 eyes of 57 patients with the preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error of at least minus six diopters. Subjects underwent PRK for treatment of myopia or myopic astigmatism and were followed 4 months later to evaluate their refractive error. The posterior corneal curvature was evaluated by orbscan II topography preoperatively and 4 months after PRK. Finding: The diameter of posterior corneal best-fitted sphere (BFS) in 3, 5, 7 and 10 millimeter zones before surgery was 6.089 ± 0.2666, 6.137± 0.253, 6.299 ± 0.268, and 6.506± 0.312 millimeters respectively and after surgery these values had changed to 5.673± 0.362, 5.809± 0.341, 6.056± 0.309, and 6.347± 0.334 millimeters respectively. Conclusion: PRK for treatment of high myopia makes significant changes in the diameter of all measured zones of posterior cornea. The amount of alteration changed with regard to the selected zone, with the maximum effect in 3 and minimum effect in 10 millimeter zones.

مقدمه: یکی از دلایلی که قدرت لنز داخل چشمی (IOL) بعد از عمل Photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) پایین‌تر از مقدار واقعی گزارش می‌شود، اندازه‌گیری اشتباه قدرت ریفراکتیو قرنیه به وسیله‌ی سیستم‌های توپوگرافی قرنیه و کراتومترها است. دستگاه‌های مختلفی با دقت‌های متفاوت برای اندازه‌گیری کراتومتری بعد از عمل وجود دارند که در این میان شناسایی مناسب‌ترین وسیله که در اندازه‌گیری کراتومتری دقیق عمل نماید، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. دراین مطالعه بر آن شدیم تا دو دستگاه کراتومتری دستی و دستگاه IoL-Master را از نظر تعیین کراتومتری بعد از عمل مقایسه کنیم. روش‌ها: این مطالعه یک کارآزمایی بالینی (Clinical trial) پروسپکتیو بود که بر روی بیمارانی که جهت انجام جراحی فتورفراکتیو مراجعه کرده بودند، انجام شد. از بین مراجعه کنندگان. 35 نفر از بیماران بین 20 تا 30ساله، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. کراتومتری توسط دستگاه کراتومتری دستی ژاوال(,china GM300 )و دستگاه IOL Master انجام شد. سه ماه بعد از عمل PRK برای بیماران کراتومتری مجدد با هر دو روش و با فاصله‌ی 5 دقیقه انجام شد. همه‌ی بیماران تحت رفراکشن قبل و بعد از عمل PRKقرار گرفتند. تفاوت کراتومتری بعد از عمل در گروه IOL Master و گروه کراتومتری دستی با کراتومتری که با روش Clinical history method و به تفکیک هر دستگاه محاسبه شد تعیین گردید. آنالیز آماری تحت نرم افزار SPSS نسخه‌ی 16 و آزمون‌های Paired t-test و Student t-test انجام شد. یافته‌ها: 70 چشم از 35 بیمار شامل 10 نفر مرد و 25 نفر زن بررسی شدند. میانگین سن بیماران 55/1±45/23 سال بود. تفاوت بین کراتومتری بعد از عمل با روش IOL Master با کراتومتری حاصل از CHM در مقایسه‌ی با تفاوت بین کراتومتری دستی ژاول با کراتومتری حاصل از CHM (31/4±73/4- و 37 /0±14/0) از نظر آماری معنی دار بود. ارتباط معنی‌دار مستقیمی بین کراتومتری با دستگاه IOL master و روش CHM برابر 0.86 دیده شد اما بین روش دستی و CHM ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل ازاین مطالعه نشان دادند که اعدادبه دستآمده به روش IOL Master به روش CHM بسیار نزدیک‌تر هستند لذا توصیه می‌شود برای انجام کراتومتری بعد از عمل PRK از دستگاه IOL Master استفاده شود.

Bckground:This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and complications of Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) as a retreatment of residual myopia after previous laser insitu keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods:In this descriptive study, with the consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, the 92 cases were selected and underwent PRK with mitomycin C. Findings: This study was performed on 170 eyes of 92 patients with the mean age of 35 years old (56 women and 36 men). The average interval between two procedures was 17.5 ± 3.2 months. After 1 year, 94.7% of the eyes had uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (20/40 or better) and 65.8% of eyes had UCVA (20/20 or better). 135 eyes (79.4%) were within ± 0.5 diopter (D) and 168 eyes (98.8 %) were within ± 1.00 D of target refraction. 2 eyes lost one line of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and 14 eyes had BCVA gain. After 12 months four eyes had corneal haze of grade 2. Before and after PRK, Spheric equivalents of eyes were -1.84 ± 0.6 and -0.15 ± 0.2 D respectively (P < 0.001), mean UCVA was 0.34 ± 0.23 and 0.92 ± 0.14 of lines (P < 0.001) and the mean pachymetry was 428 ± 20 and 407 ± 12 microns respectively (P = 0.032). Conclusion:PRK is an effective and safe procedure as a retreatment of post LASIK residual myopia. Key words:LASIK, Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), Retreatment, Myopia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on stereoacuity (SA). METHODS: This prospective study includes 200 patients scheduled for LASIK. SA was evaluated preoperatively and one week, one month and three months postoperatively using the Random Dot test. Patients with preoperative SA worse than 480 sec/arc were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The study included 138 female (69%) and 62 male (31%) subjects. Spherical equivalent was -0.5 to -12.0 D. Mean preoperative SA was 124.80±124.64 (range 480-15) sec/arc which deteriorated to 138.30±126.48 sec/arc one week after surgery (P=0.158) but improved to 111.30±112.15 sec/arc (P=0.002) one month and 103.65+112.20 sec/arc (P=0.001) three months postoperatively. Overall, stereoacuity decreased in 9.5%, increased in 32.5% and remained unchanged in 58% of patients (P=0.007). Patients with anisometropia had worse SA; eventually, SA increased in 5 non-amblyopic anisometropic patients. CONCLUSION: Despite the overall improvement in mean SA after LASIK, a minority of patients experienced decreased SA. Anisometropic patients without amblyopia seem to have a chance for improved SA after LASIK.

BACKGROUND: Narcotics and sedatives can reduce intraocular pressure. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of remifentanil plus ketamine on intraocular pressure and sedation quality in comparison with fentanyl plus ketamine during and after operation in patients undergoing phacoemulsification with topical anesthesia.METHODS: Forty four patients were randomized into two groups to receive either a continuous infusion of remifentanil (0.2 µg/kg/min for 4 min and then 0.1 µg/kg/min: Group R, n=22) or bolus intravenous fentanyl (1.5 µg/kg: Group F, n=22) for sedation. Patients in both groups received low dose ketamine (0.15 mg/kg) intravenously. Topical anesthesia was performed using tetracaine 0.5% eye drop in both eyes. Intraocular pressure was measured in non-operative eye before sedation (baseline), 2 minutes after sedation, before intraocular lens insertion, at the end of operation and 15 minutes after the end of operation using Schiötz tonometer. Sedation, cooperation, satisfaction and pain scores and also postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded in all patients. Surgeon satisfaction scores were evaluated at the end of operation.RESULTS: The intraocular pressure did not differ significantly between the two groups throughout the study. The mean (SD) intraocular pressures 2 minutes after sedation, before intraocular lens insertion, at the end of operation and 15 minutes after the end of operation in recovery room were all less than that of baseline in both groups, but the baseline value was decreased only significantly (P < 0.05) in recovery room [13.75 (3.46) to11.91 (3.43) in group R, respectively and 13.74 (3.05) to11.57 (2.33) in group F, respectively]. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in group R was higher than that of group F (7 patients in group R and no patient in group F, P = 0.009).CONCLUSIONS: Combination of remifentanil infusion and intravenous ketamine did not offer any advantages over the combination of intravenous fentanyl and ketamine in order to prevent intraocular pressure rising during phacoemulsification. The lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and higher rate of appropriate sedation in fentanyl group suggested fentanyl as a more suitable medication for systemic sedation compared with remifentanil.KEY WORDS: Fentanyl, remifentanil, intraocular pressure, phacoemulsification, topical anesthesia.

Aim: We aimed to compare peak systolic velocity of central retinal artery (PSV.CRA) and peak systolic velocity of ophthalmic artery (PSV.OA) between patients with retinal detachment who were treated with segmental scleral bucking and scleral buckling with encircling procedure. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic cross sectional study that was performed in Isfahan university referral centers since April 2010 to April 2011. Of the patients who have undergone scleral buckling surgery, 20 patients belonging to two groups were randomly selected to enroll in the study. Study groups were, patients who have undergone segmental scleral buckling and the other group were patients who have undergone scleral buckling with encircling procedure. Patients were invited to perform color Doppler imaging. PSV-RA and PSV-OA were measured and documented in both operated and unoperated eyes. All of the Doppler′s performed at least three months after ophthalmic surgery. Results: We found significant decrease in PSV.CRA among patients in both groups. In patients who had undergone scleral buckling with encircling procedure PSV.CRA was 11.03 ± 3.04 (cm/sec) and 14.83 ± 4.80 in operated and unoperated eye respectively (P = 0.03). In other hand, who treated with segmental scleral buckling these parameters were 11.02 ± 2.48 and 14.45 ± 4.69 (P = 0.03). PSV.OA did not change significantly in each method. The difference between mean PSV.CRA and PSV.OA in operated eye between two study groups was not significant. Conclusion: PSV.CRA reduced significantly in both surgery methods and PSV.OA changes was not significant. However, the mean PSV.CRA and PSV.OA changes did not show statistically significant difference between surgery methods.

Background: To assess the clinical consequences of AcrySof toric intraocular lens (IOL) and Hoya toric IOL implantation to correct preexisting corneal astigmatism in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: In this study, we examined 55 eyes of 45 patients with at least 1.00 D corneal astigmatism who were scheduled for cataract surgery. After phacoemulsification, toric IOL was inserted and axis was aligned. We observed the patients' uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), keratometry, manifest refraction, and IOL axis alignment 6 months after surgery. Results: After 6 months, the UDVA was 0.17 ± 0.17 logMAR in the AcrySof group and 0.17 ± 0.18 logMar in the Hoya group. More than 78% of eyes in the AcrySof group and 80% of eyes in the Hoya toric IOL achieved a UDVA of 20/40 or better. In the AcrySof group, the mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was 2.73 ± 0.92 D. The mean postoperative refractive astigmatism was 0.84 ± 0.63 D. In the Hoya group, the preoperative corneal astigmatism was 2.58 ± 0.76 D and the postoperative refractive astigmatism was 0.87 ± 0.66 D (P < 0.05). The mean AcrySof IOL axis rotation was 1.88° ± 3.05°. In the Hoya group, the mean axis rotation was 1.53° ± 3.66°. All changes in visual and refractive data before and after surgery were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding refractive and visual outcome after surgery (P > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Implantation of AcrySof toric IOL and Hoya toric IOL was an effective way to correct preexisting corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery.

Background: To evaluate effectiveness of collagen crosslinking in pellucid marginal degeneration patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one eyes of 15 patients treated by collagen crosslinking were enrolled in our non-controlled clinical trial study. After evaluation of patients about inclusion and exclusion criteria, preoperative examination was done and then patients underwent CXL procedure and seen 6 months after surgery for postoperative examinations. Results: Mean preoperative LogMar uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.63 (SE = 0.08), and mean preoperative LogMar BCVA was 0.26 (SE = 0.04). At 6 months postoperative, mean LogMar UCVA was 0.59 (SE = 0.06) and mean LogMar BCVA was 0.19 (SE = 0.02). The non-parametric test (Wilcoxon) showed reduction of LogMar BCVA was significant (P value = 0.02), but reduction of LogMar UCVA was not significant (P value = 0.5). Mean preoperative K1 was 42.23 ± 2.85 and mean postoperative K1 significantly decreased to 41.68 ± 2.44 (P value = 0.008). Also, mean preoperative K2 was 48.39 ± 2.37 and mean postoperative K2 significantly reduced to 47.64 ± 2.16 (P value = 0.002). Conclusion: Most remarkable findings of our study were improvement of visual acuity and reduction K1 and K2 parameters. Stability of other values and absence of detectable change after study period implies halting of the progression of the disease. We suggest CXL can be useful for management of PMD, but we need more studies with larger sample size and longer follow up.

Hyperopia is a type of refractive error and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is one of the surgical procedures for correction of various types of refractive errors. In this study we decided to evaluate the efficacy and results of PRK on hyperopia of more than 3 diopters 4 months after surgery. Background: Overall, 30 eyes of 19 patients (18-66 years of old) for this clinical trial study were selected from the patients referred to an eye center clinic for PRK. All of these eyes were operated by Technolas 217 Excimer laser system. 4 months postoperative results were compared with preoperative data. Pre and postoperative results were compared using t-paired test via SPSS software. Methods: Postoperative spherical equivalent of patients were - 2.00 to + 5.00 diopter. In 30% of patients there was overcorrection and in 70% of patients there was Undercorrection. None of the patients were in the range of emetropia. Postoperative SE of 46.6% of patients was in the range of ± 1.00 diopter and 80% of patients were in the range of ± 2.00 diopter. The mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of patients 0.8 ± 0.18 as well as postoperative BSCVA. The mean of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.13 ± 0.1 and the mean of postoperative UCVA vs 0.51 ± 0.25. The mean of preoperative sphere was +5.45±2.06 and post operative one was + 1.00 ± 1.62 diopter. The mean of preoperative astigmatism was - 1.42 ± 1.13 that change to - 0.95 ± 0.55 postoperatively. Findings: Photorefractive keratectomy has a poor predictability and efficacy for hyperopia of more than + 3.00. Conclusion: High hyperopia - Hyperopia - Photorefractive Keratectomy. Key words:

Background: Corneal cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultra-violet A is less invasive in comparison with other procedures such as penetrating keratoplasty. Hence, we planned this study to evaluate the efficacy of CXL in disease progression and to compare keratoconus indices before and 1 year after cross-linking by Pentacam. Materials and Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, we enrolled 37 eyes of 37 patients suffering from keratoconus who were candidates for CXL. All eyes were examined before and one 1 year after surgery with a slit lamp and Pentacam for corneal topography. To compare the mean of each Pentacam parameter and index before and 1 year after the surgery, we used paired t-test. Results: There were 23 males and 14 females. The mean age was 21.5 years 18-30 years). At the 12 th month examination, the corneal thickness had decreased (P = 0.0068) and the Index of Height Decentration (IHD) had increased (P = 0.016). There were no statistically significant differences in other indices and parameters 1 year after CXL. Conclusion: Most of the parameters and indices had not changed during 1 year after CXL. The procedure seems to be effective in stopping the disease progression at least for 12 months after surgery.