Search

Introduction: Myocardial ischemia leads to electrical disturbance in the heart because of reactive oxygen specious. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gallic acid and cyclosporine A (CsA) together on electrocardiogram parameters in myocardium following ischemia - reperfusion (I/R) in isolated hearts. Methods: In this research, 50 Wistar rats weighing 250-300g were randomly divided into the 5 following groups: control, sham and gallic acid (7.5, 15 and 30mg/kg) in combination with CsA (0.2μM). On the eleventh day, the hearts were removed and perfused with Krebs solution and ischemia was induced for 30min. Then, cyclosporine was administered for 10min at the 10 minutes before reperfusion and 10 minutes the beginning of reperfusion. By placing the electrode, the parameters of RR, PR, QT, TpeakTend, JT and QTcB interval, ST elevation, R, P, Q, S, T amplitude were recorded before ischemia and during reperfusion. Results: This study showed that RR, JT, interval, p duration, ST elevation and PVC numbers of control were increased during ischemia compared with sham and decreased using gallic acid (7.5, 15 and 30mg/kg) in combination with CsA. In addition, P, R, S, T amplitude during the ischemia were decreased in control compared with sham and increased with gallic acid (15mg/kg) in combination with CsA. Conclusion: In conclusion, the optimal combination of both drugs decreased arrhythmia occurrence while increased electrical velocity of conduction and wave amplitudes in isolated myocardium after ischemia reperfusion injury.

Aims and objectives The main purpose of this study was to determine the clinical skill of the medical personnel on level of awareness of standard methods used during blood pressure measurement. Background Blood pressure measurement is one of the vital clinical proficiencies the hospital personnel must be equipped with. Results from different surveys highlight the importance of awareness amongst medical personnel in controlling blood pressure. Design Descriptive cross‐sectional study. Methods Using standardized questionnaires devised by the researcher, data were collected from 302 participants working in healthcare centres in Jahrom. The extracted data were analysed using SPSS. Results Observations showed that 10–20% of the participants had wide knowledge of influential factors affecting blood pressure measurement. Moreover, there was a meaningful relation between holding higher degrees and accurate blood pressure measurement (p

Melissa officinalis (MO) is one of the oldest herbal medicines commonly used in traditional medicine, which some studies have investigated for its analgesic effect. This study is an attempt to investigate the effects of intrathecal administration of Melissa officinalis on the pain induced by heat and formalin.In this experimental study, 70 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 270-320 g were randomly divided into five groups: control; sham that received 25 μl of saline through the spinal catheter; and three experimental groups that received 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg M. officinalis via the spinal catheter respectively. Five days after catheterization of the spinal cord from the lumbar region under anesthesia, the effects of Intrathecal administration of M. officinalis on heat- and formalin-induced pain were evaluated. Data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. Intrathecal injection of M. officinalis blocked heat-induced pain compared to sham group (p = 0.001). Maximum analgesia was observed 30 min after the injection. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of MO alleviated both acute (p = 0.007) and chronic (p = 0.001) phases of formalin-induced pain. Motor block was not observed in any of the above mentioned groups. The results showed that intrathecal administration of MO could significantly improve hot-water and formalin-induced pain in male Wistar rats. Keywords: formalin-induced pain, heat-induced pain, intrathecal, melissa officinalis, rats

Introduction: Insertion of a secure airway is an essential measure to be taken in production of a state of general anesthesia. Given the physiological and anatomical conditions of the patient’s airway, insertion of the airway and provision of mechanical ventilation can sometimes lead to complications such as subcutaneous emphysema. Patient introduction: The patient was a 23-year-old woman hospitalized at the Otorhinolaryngology Department to undergo a rhinoplasty surgery. She had a history of asthma and use of bronchodilator inhaled medications. After surgery and 35 minutes of presence at the Recovery Department, the patient exhibited no serious problem, and was transferred to the department after consciousness was regained and full awareness was ensured, protective reflexes were regained, absence of bleeding was ensured and vital signs were stabilized, and absence of dyspnea was ensured. After fully awakened, she was transferred to the Otorhinolaryngology Department without dyspnea complaint. No serious problem was observed either, while the patient was hospitalized at the department, and she was discharged with good general condition. Two days later, the patient revisited the hospital complaining about dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema in the neck region. Following this visit, she was hospitalized at the Intensive Care Unit. Upon entry into the hospital, the patient was provided with emergency general surgery advisory, where subcutaneous emphysema in the neck region was clearly diagnosed. During the three days of hospitalization at the ICU, she underwent recovery while receiving oxygen via the nasal cannula and drug treatment. After a considerable decrease in emphysema level, the patient was transferred to the Otorhinolaryngology Department as she had regained awareness, and exhibited no respiratory distress. She was discharged with good general condition five days after hospitalized given the results of the new advisory and visit. Conclusion: According to its pathology, asthma involves extreme retention of air in the lungs and air trapping, which can probably be referred to as one of the causes of the patient’s problem (emphysema and pneumomediastinum). Another cause for the above complication can be the mesh placed in the patient’s nose for the period after surgery and the frequent sneezing and coughing resulting from it.

Transfusion-transmitted viral infections, including hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections continue to be a major challenge in hemophilia patient. This study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections among Iranian hemophilia patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 580 hemophilia patients (mean age ± SD = 27.11 ± 14.9) referred to the Namazi hospital, Shiraz University of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran during July 2012 to August 2015. Blood samples were taken from the patients and tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs), antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), anti-HCV antibody (HCVAb), and anti-HIV antibody (HIVAb). The association of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections with age, sex, type of hemophilia (A or B), severity of hemophilia, blood group system, history of blood transfusion, and surgery were statistically analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square/Fisher exact tests. The seroprevalence of HCVAb and HBsAg were 11.4 % (66/580) and 0.2 % (1/580), respectively. None of the hemophilia patients were positive for HIV antibody. There was a significant association between HCV seropositivity and age (P

Thyroid is a very important endocrine gland in living organisms which regulates almost all bodily functions. The aim of the presentstudy is to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Dactylorhiza maculateroots on hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroidaxishormones in adult female rats. Fifty adult female rats were randomly divided into control group, sham group (receiving distilled water) and three experimental groups (receiving aqueous extract of Dactylorhiza maculaterootat a dose of 20, 40 and 80 mg kg-1) each consisting of 10 rats. Intra-peritoneal injections were carried out for 28 days. The injection volume was 2.0 ml in all groups. On the twenty-ninth day, blood samples were taken from the rats to investigate the serum levels of the HPTaxis hormones. Data were analyzed bySPSS (Version 15). Comparisons were carried out employing one-way ANOVA and Duncan's test. The doses of 20 and 40 mgkg-1 of aqueous extract of Dactylorhiza maculaterootshad no significant impact on the serum levels of TRH, TSH, T3 and T4 hormones. However, a dose of 80 mg kg-1 significantly reduced the serumlevels of TRH, TSH, T3 and T4 hormones as compared to the control group (P

Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide which is widely used in agriculture, veterinary and industries. Oxidative stress has been identified as one of Malathion’s main molecular mechanisms of action in plasma, liver, pancreas, muscles and the brain. Green tea (Camellia sinensis), which is the most common drink across the world after water, has many antioxidant properties. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of Malathion on the liver and the preventive effects of green tea on Malathion-induced poisoning. Seventy-two Wistar male rats were randomly divided into the control, the sham, and the experimental groups (receiving respectively 40 mg/kg of Malathion; 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of green tea; and 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of Malathion and green tea respectively). All injections were performed intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days. On the 15th day, blood samples were taken from the hearts of the rats to measure serum level of hepatic enzymes, and their liver tissues were removed to be studied. To do the statistical analysis One-way ANOVA test and Duncan’s test at the 5% significance level were used. aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total Oxidation Capacity(TOC) concentrations in the treatment groups with Malathion and green tea extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses showed a significant decline compared to the Malathion group(p

To find the relation between exercise and cytokines, we examined the effect of the training intensity on the levels of cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interlukine-4 (IL-4) and interlukine-4/interferon-gamma ratio (IL-4/IFN-γ ratio) in female Futsal players. Twelve well-trained female college Futsal players aged 19~22 participated in this study. The athletes completed 30-min of running at 60~65% maximal heart rate [moderate-intensity exercise], and 30-min of running at 75~80% maximal heart rate [high-intensity exercise]. peripheral blood samples were collected 24 h before and 24 h and 48 h after each of the exercise bouts. finding showed that The 30-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise induced a significant increase in IFN-γ (p=0.01) and significant decreases in IL-4 (p=0.001) and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio (p=0.003). And also, 30-min of running at 75~80% maximal heart rate induced increase in IFN-γ (p=0.07) and decreased in IL-4 (p=0.01) and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio (p=0.06) that these changes not significantly. In summary, exercise intensity can effect on the magnitude of changes in cytokines. It seems that moderate intensity exercise enhances cytokine pattern in female college Futsal players.

Pharmacotherapy is a major treatment method in healthcare centers, and the injection of powdered drugs is among common pharmacotherapy techniques. Medication errors and nosocomial infections are among major health issues in the world. On the other hand, powdered drugs are widely used in hospitals; however, drug mixture is a very time-consuming process. The objective of this invention was to accelerate drug vial mixture, reduce medication errors and nosocomial infections, and save time. There are different drug mixing devices, each with specific abilities. The present invention not only possesses the abilities of other devices but also can mix drugs [with a diluent] with higher quality and accuracy. The drug vial mixing device can mix 20 vials at adjustable time and speed with high quality and accuracy. This device is equipped with an infrared system to ensure a complete mixture of powder, and a Bluetooth short range radio system to remotely control all monitoring options of the device. This is a small and simple-to-use device. The drug vial mixing device can effectively reduce medication errors and nosocomial infections, and save time. Citation: Dalaei Milan M, Abedi H. A, Saadatmand V, Hesaminia A. Solver Device for Powdery Drugs. J Biomed Phys Eng. 2019;9(4):501- 504. https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.795.

Background: The aim of present study was to compare the effects of negative energy balance with food restriction and/or aerobic exercise on the glucose, insulin, and GLUT4 levels in diabetic male rats. Methods: Fifty‑six 10‑week old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: a non‑diabetic (ND) group and six diabetic groups. After an infusion of type 2 diabetes, the diabetic groups were given labels as well, namely diabetic control (DC) group, exercise (Ex) group, food restriction with standard diet (FRSD) group, food restriction with low‑carbohydrate diet (FRLCD) group, food restriction with standard diet combination in exercise (FRSDE) group, and food restriction with low‑carbohydrate diet combination in exercise (FRLCDE) group. Further, to induce caloric restriction (CR), food intake was reduced by 20% and given to food restriction consists of both of (FRSD and FRLCD). Hundred percent food consumption for the Ex group was fixed, but instead, 20% of their energy intake in exercise was calculated, and time of daily exercise was determined. Finally, a combination of reduced food intake (10%) and exercise (10%) was applied in each group FRSDE and FRLCDE for 8 weeks. Results: The results showed that type 2 diabetes inductions had reduced glucose, insulin, and GLUT4 gene expression compared to the ND group ( P = 0.001). However, there were significant differences in GLUT4 gene expression between groups after 8 weeks of intervention ( P = 0.001). A post hoc least significant difference test show that compared to DC group, GLUT4 gene expression level of Ex, FRSDE, and FRLCDE groups was significantly increased 47% ( P = 0.004), 60% ( P = 0.001), and 65% ( P = 0.001), respectively after 8 week of intervention, but it was not significant or with any other diabetic groups ( P > 0.05). Moreover, glucose levels were significantly higher in the FRLCDE, FRLCD, FRSD, FRSDE, Ex groups compared with the DC group in the same period ( P = 0.0.01). Conclusions: It was concluded that FRSD and FRLCD combination in regular exercise was elevated of GLUT4 gene expression in type 2 diabetes. These results may help to develop new methods for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: GLUT4 gene expression, low-carbohydrate diet, standard diet, type 2 diabetes

Introduction : Cadmium is of the environmental pollutants and is considered as a part of the list of 126 top elements of environmental pollutants which has a long half-life in the body and is estimated at about 10 to 30 years. The use of herbal medicines because of having many antioxidants and lack of side effects is increasing in the today world to be a good alternative for chemical drugs. So the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of the root of native edible asparagus in Iran ( Asparagus officinalis L.) on the concentration of liver enzymes in male rats exposed to cadmium chloride. Method : 72 male rats were accidentally divided into the control, sham and test groups (100 mg/kg asparagus extract, 200 mg/kg asparagus extract, 400 mg/kg asparagus extract, 5 mg/kg cadmium chloride, cadmium chloride and 100 mg/kg asparagus extract, cadmium chloride and 200 mg/kg asparagus extract, cadmium chloride and 400 mg/kg asparagus extract). All injections were performed by gavage for 28 consecutive days. One-Way ANOVA and Duncan at the significance level of 5% were used for statistical analysis. Results : Cadmium chloride increased the averages of serum ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin significantly and decreased the averages of serum albumin and total protein significantly. Two doses of 200 and 400 of asparagus extract reduced the averages of serum ALT, AST and ALP significantly compared to the group which received cadmium chloride and each three doses of asparagus extract could reduce bilirubin concentration significantly compared to the group which received cadmium chloride. Two doses of 200 and 400 asparagus extract increased the averages of serum albumin and total protein significantly compared to the receivers of cadmium chloride. 400 mg/kg asparagus extract had the greatest effect on improving and adjusting the studied liver parameters. Conclusion : The extract of asparagus root has probably improved the destructive effects of cadmium chloride due to abundant antioxidant property. Of course, 400 mg dose has had the most effect in this study. keywords : Cadmium chloride; roots of native edible.

Background: One of the known complications of diabetes mellitus is vascular dysfunction. Inability of the coronary vascular response to cardiac hyperactivity might cause a higher incidence of ischemic heart disease in diabetic subjects. It has been indicated that regular exercise training and antioxidants could prevent diabetic cardiovascular problems enhanced by vascular damage. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of grape seed extract (as antioxidant), with and without exercise training on coronary vascular function in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats weighing 200 - 232 grams were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each: sedentary control, sedentary diabetic, trained diabetic, grape seed extract (200 mg/kg) treated sedentary diabetic and, grape seed extract treated trained diabetic. Diabetes was induced by one intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After eight weeks, coronary vascular responses to vasoactive agents were determined. Results: The endothelium dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine was reduced significantly in diabetic animals; exercise training or grape seed extract administration partially improves this response. However, exercise training in combination with grape seed extract restores endothelial function completely. The endothelium independent vasorelaxation to sodium nitroprusside was improved by combination of exercise training and grape seed extract. On the other hand, the basal perfusion pressure and vasoconstrictive response to phenylephrine did not change significantly. Conclusions: The data indicated that co-administration of grape seed extract and exercise training had more significant effects than exercise training or grape seed extract alone; this may constitute a convenient and inexpensive therapeutic approach to diabetic vascular complications. © 2013, Kowsar. All Rights Reserved.

Artemisia absinthium has many pharmacological effects, but toxic effects of it, were seen on nervous system and liver. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic effects of different doses of Artemisia absinthium extract on the enzymes and histopathological changes of the liver tissue of adult normal male rat. Method and materials: In this experimental study, forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 as follows: Control, sham (recipient of distilled water) and 4 experimental groups that received Artemisia absinthium hydro- alcoholic extract at doses of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan post hoc tests. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: After 8 weeks, doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg could significantly reduce amount of ALT, AST and ALP. Dose of 1000 mg/kg increased ALT, AST and ALP. From the standpoint of histopathological study, doses of 125, 250 and 500 Artemisia absinthium had no significant side effect on liver tissue, but 1000 mg/kg caused destruction of liver cell membranes, enlargement of sinusoidal space, sporadic leukocyte infiltration, Kupffer cells hypertrophy, and vascular congestion. Conclusion: Maximum dose of Artemisia absinthium extract (1000 mg/kg) increased liver enzymes and destroy liver tissues of normal male rats. Keywords: Artemisia Absinthium, Enzymes, Histopathology, Liver, Rat