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Oilseed crops play a vital role in the economy of Pakistan, yet the production of oilseeds is far less than the demand for them. White mustard (Sinapis alba L.) is an emerging crop, that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. It is considered to be an alternative to all other oilseed crops for dry temperate climates. White mustard develops rapidly, and has a large canopy and deep rooting system; hence, it can draw up nutrients from deeper layers. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nitrogen on S. alba agro-morphological attributes and enhance nutrient use efficiencies. During the Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21, an experiment was conducted at the University Research Farm, Chakwal Road, Rawalpindi. The study included seven treatments, i.e., T1-Control, T2-20, T3-40, T4-60, T5-80, T6-100, and T7-120 kg·ha−1. Each treatment was replicated three times, and the study utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results revealed that nitrogen at 100 kg·ha−1 was the optimal concentration and significantly increased the agro-morphological parameters, i.e., plant height (47.01%), primary branches (41.36%), secondary branches (45.33%), 1000 seed weight (54.35%), siliques/plant (41.57%), seeds/silique (52.30%) biological yield (68.38%), seed yield (54.90%), harvest index (11%), and oil yield (38.84%), as compared to the control. Moreover, protein contents and oil contents were significantly increased (5.15% and 6%, respectively), as compared to the control, while glucosinolate content was decreased (4.36%). Similarly, maximum agronomic efficiency (AE), apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) (53%), physiological efficiency (PE), and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) were also improved, as compared to the control. Hence, N application at a concentration of 100 kg·ha−1 can be recommended for S. alba under the present cropping system of Pothwar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rostam Al- Tavarikh and Rostam Al -Hokama are two innovative combinations among the title of Persian historical books. No man of wisdom has used the word "Rostam" in order to introduce himself. This suggests an interesting phenomenon in the history of historiography. Here, the central issue is that why Mohammad Hashem Asef has dealt with subjects that have not been considered in historiography books. The present article tries to reconsider the historical nature of Rostam Al- Tavarikh and the character of its writer through his personality and the era (end of Safavids through the beginning of Ghajar) he and his ancestors were living in. For this purpose two methodological approaches have been used: the explanation of the causes and the analysis of arguments.

Objective: To study association between spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and clinical symptoms in liver cirrhosis. Study Design: cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Kharian, from Jul 2019 to Apr 2020. Methodology: A total of 122 patients of liver cirrhosis (irrespective of aetiology), presented with various clinical symptoms such as fever, pain abdomen and hepatic encephalopathy were randomly selected. Patients between 18-80 years of age, were included in the study. Asymptomatic patients, with ascites other than liver cirrhosis were excluded. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis was defined as positive ascitic fluid culture and/or ascitic polymorphonuclear leukocyte ≥250 cells/mm³ in ascitic fluid. Results: Of the 122 randomly selected patients, the mean age was 56.5 ± 20.2 years. Forty-Five (46.8%) were male and 67 (54.2%) patients were female. Chronic Hepatitis C was the commonest cause of liver cirrhosis (92%). The frequency of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was 37.7%. Majority, (83%) of the culture positive ascitic isolate was Gram negative bacilli and E.coli (72%) being the commonest organism isolated. Severe ascites, high International Normalized Ratio (INR), hepatic encephalopathy, fever, low ascetic fluid protein count, high serum bilirubin and creatinine were considered to be independent predictor of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Conclusion: Clinical symptoms of fever, hepatic encephalopathy, severe ascites, International Normalized ratio high and deranged renal profile was highly suggestive of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find out association of gender and age with compliance of H Pylori eradication therapy. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Multan and Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2017 to Feb 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and fifty patients with dyspepsia were included through convenient sampling after getting informed consent. The patients already under H Pylori eradication therapy were excluded from the study. Diagnosis of H Pylori infection was done by histopathology report of gastric mucosal biopsy on upper GI endoscopy in some individuals and H Pylori antigen on stool examination in others. They were placed in eight different groups keeping in mind their previous history of use of antibiotics and known side effects with the particular antibiotic. Results: There were 154 (61.60%) males and 96 (38.40) females with mean age of 36.71 ± 13.23 years. The frequency of male patients who complied to treatment (130/84.4%) was significantly higher as compared to the frequency of female patients (71/74.0%) at p-value of 0.04 and odds ratio of 1.9 (1.01-3.58). The study also showed that the difference of mean age between the patients who completed and those who did not complete the treatment was statistically not significant (36.33 ± 12.78 vs 38.24 ± 14.94 years). Conclusion: Compliance to H Pylori eradication therapy is associated with gender but not with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the frequency of post-stroke seizure between acute ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke patients. Study Design: Comparative, prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Oct 2021 to Oct 2022. Methodology: A total of 180 patients with acute stroke, were included in the study. CT brain and/or MRI brain were performed to diagnose all patients. Patients were divided into haemorrhagic and ischemic stroke groups. Patients were followed for four weeks. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.92±7.80 years. The majority were males 127(70.5%),125(69.4%) patients had an ischemic stroke, while 55(30.6%) had haemorrhagic. Post-stroke seizures were seen in 12(7.07%). In haemorrhagic stroke patients, the frequency was 5/55(9.09%), while 7/125(5.6%) in ischemic ones. The difference in frequencies was 4.03%. There was no significant difference in seizure frequencies between the two groups (p=0.298). Conclusion: This study concluded that there is no significant statistical difference in frequencies of post-stroke seizure in haemorrhagic stroke compared to ischemic stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]