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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease characterized by aggressive and systematic polyarthritis. The present study aimed to isolate and identify the phenolic constituents in Brassica oleracea L. (Brassicaceae) seeds methanolic extract and evaluates its effect against rheumatoid arthritis in rats referring to the new therapy; interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). The GC/MS profiling of the plant was determined. Arthritis induction was done using complete Freund's adjuvant. Arthritis severity was assessed by percentage of edema and arthritis index. IL-1 receptor type I gene expression, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), oxidative stress markers, protein content, inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), genetic abnormalities and the histopathological features of ankle joint were evaluated. For the first time twelve phenolic compounds had been isolated from the seeds extract. Treatment with extract and IL-1RA improved the tested parameters by variable degrees. RA is an irreversible disease, where its severity increases with the time of induction. Brassica oleracea L. seeds extract is considered as a promising anti-arthritis agent. IL-1 RA may be considered as an unusual therapeutic agent for RA disease. More studies are needed to consider the seeds extract as a nutraceutical agent and to recommend IL-1RA as a new RA drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Lavender oil is of a great economic importance. It has many biological and pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents of the essential oil of Lavandula officinalis (LAEO) by using GC/MS analysis. Its genotoxicity, anti-genotoxicity and histopathological activities against the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CP) was investigated. The study also evaluated its anticancer activities against six human cancer cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), Prostate (PC3), Lung carcinoma (A549), Skin cancer (A431), Colon cancer (HCT116) and Breast cancer (MCF7)., Methods: The genotoxicity was determined using: micronucleus, chromosomal aberration, and comet assays. The histopathological study included liver. The examined groups were control negative, control plant, control positive (CP), and 3 combined groups received LAEO at different concentrations plus CP., Results: GC/MS analysis recorded 16 components. The principals were: linalool and linalyl acetate. The results indicated the safety of LAEO. It also attenuates genotoxicity and deleterious histopathological effects of CP in a dose-dependent manner. LAEO has a highly cytotoxic effect on HepG2 and A549 cell lines with 100% death at 100µg/ ml with IC50 67.8 and 12 µg/ ml, respectively. Its activity on other cell lines was weak., Conclusion: The essential oil of Lavandula officinalis has anticancer and anti-mutagenic effect.

The genotoxic potential of beryllium chloride (BeCl2) was evaluated in vivo in mice using different endpoints. Chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells and in spermatocytes as well as sperm abnormalities were determined in the tested mice. The protective role of an orally administered drug consisting of selenium and vitamins A, C and E (selenium-ACE) was also studied. For analysis of chromosomal aberrations, both single and repeated oral treatments for a period of 3 weeks were performed. The doses used were 93.75, 187.50, 375, and 750 mg BeCl2/kg bw, which corresponds to 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 of the experimental LD50. BeCl2 induced a statistically significant increase in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations in both somatic and germ cells, with a dose- and time-response. The percentage of induced chromosomal aberrations was significantly reduced in all BeCl2-treated groups after oral administration of selenium-ACE. Beryllium chloride also induced a significant increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm. This percentage reached values of 9.62 +/- 0.32 and 5.56 +/- 0.31 in mice treated with the highest test dose of BeCl2 and with BeCl2+selenium-ACE, respectively, compared with 1.96 +/- 0.14 for the control. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the genotoxic effect of beryllium chloride and confirm the protective role of selenium-ACE against the genotoxicity of beryllium chloride.

The genotoxic potential of potassium dichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) was evaluated in vivo in mice using different mutagenic end points. Chromosomal aberrations in bone-marrow and spermatocytes as well as sperm abnormalities in the tested mice were determined. The doses used were 3, 6, 12 mg K(2)Cr(2)O(7)kg(-1) body weight which correspond to 1/16, 1/8, 1/4 the experimental LD(50), respectively. The protective roles of i.p. injection with thiola (a synthetic sulfhydryl compound) at 20 mg kg(-1) body weight and feeding treatment with soybean seeds (30% of the diet) were also studied. For chromosomal aberration analysis, subacute treatment for a period of 3 weeks were performed. All the tested doses of K(2)Cr(2)O(7) induced a statistically significant increase in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations in both somatic and germ cells with dose and time relationships. The percentage of the induced chromosomal aberrations was significantly minimized in all groups of mice i.p. treated with thiola or fed soybean seeds during the period of treatment. Potassium dichromate also induced a significant increase (P<0.01) in the percentage of abnormal sperms at the doses 6 and 12 mg kg(-1) body weight. Such percentage reached 7.52+/-0.45, 5.50+/-0.53 and 4.28+/-0.45 in mice treated with the highest tested dose of K(2)Cr(2)O(7), K(2)Cr(2)O(7) and thiola; K(2)Cr(2)O(7) and soybean, respectively compared with 2.14+/-0.33 for the control. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the genotoxic effect of potassium dichromate in mice. The results also confirm the protective role of thiola and soybean seeds against the genotoxicity of potassium dichromate.