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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multisystem chronic disease that has attained an epidemic scale. The microvasculature is harmed by persistent hyperglycemia, which eventually results in diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Irisin was identified as a myokine that can affect several metabolic pathways. The present study aimed to investigate the value of irisin measurement in early detection of microvascular complications in adult T2DM patients. Methods: This case-control study included 90 subjects divided into 3 equal groups: Group I of 30 healthy volunteers, group II of 30 adult T2DM patients without complications, and group III 30 adult T2DM patients with microvascular complications. All studied subjects were subjected to clinical assessment and lab investigations that included routine parameters, cystatin C, urine albumin creatinine ratio as well as irisin measurement. Results: Irisin was significantly lower in the patient groups. It showed moderate performance (AUC 0.674, p-value 0.007) with 70% sensitivity and 63.3% specificity for detection of microvascular complications. Conclusions: Irisin has a connection to T2DM, with moderate performance in detection of micro-vascular complications. Irisin could, therefore, be used to early of diabetic microvascular complications in adult T2DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sepsis can range in severity from infection to septic shock, and it can result in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death. Tenascins are matrix glycoproteins located extracellular that are made during multicellular organism growth and involved in many pathological processes such as tissue damage, tumor angiogenesis metastasis, and inflammation. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum Tenascin- C levels and sepsis and disease severity in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Methods: a case control study, selected participants included 9 apparently healthy subjects, 20 patients with sepsis in ICU and 10 diseased patients without sepsis in ICU. All patients were subjected to full clinical assessments of patients by SOFA score and Lab tests: (CBC, PCT, CRP, LFT&KFT). Tenascin C was measured by ELISA for all participants. Results: The mean age for all groups is 21-70. There is a high significant increase in CRP, PCT, TLC, urea & creatinine, ALT, and AST in septic patients in relation to that of non-septic patients. Hemoglobin and albumin levels show a significant decrease in septic patients than that in non-septic patients. Sensitivity of tenascin to predict cases with sepsis vs those without sepsis was 75% and specificity was 100%. Conclusion: In septic patients, the level of serum Tenascin-C can help with early sepsis diagnosis and severity assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background (purpose):Since HCV, infection may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) .we investigated if CYP24A1 gene hyper methylation involved in HCC and the relationship between CYP24A1 gene and HCC Methods:-Fifty patients were selected from Tropical Medicine department and outpatient's clinic of Zagazig University Hospitals. The patients were classified into: 15 patients with chronic HCV patients with cirrhosis, 15 patients with chronic HCV without cirrhosis and 20 patients have HCC on top of HCV .All patients were subjected to proper history taking, full physical examination, laboratory investigations, abdominal U.S and triphasic helical CT as well as real time PCR for detection of hyper methylated CYP24A 1 Results:-The three groups were matched together as regards age and sex. There are a high statistically difference among the three studied groups regarding level of CYP24A1,which was higher among HCC group 14.62±7.74 and the lowest level was among HCV group without cirrhosis 5.3±3.46 (P value =0.000) CONCLUSION: CYP24A1 promoter methylation increase in HCC patient on top of HCV infection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:- renal biopsy the gold standard for diagnosing lupus nephritis (LN) is an invasive technique, other laboratory markers lack sensitivity and specificity. Aim:- to evaluate serum fractalkine (CX3CL1) as a predictor for LN in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods:- forty-four children "5 - 18 years old" newly diagnosed with SLE, 22 (50.0%) of them were complicated with lupus nephritis "diagnosed by renal biopsy", and 22 healthy age and sex matched children were included as a control group. Serum Fractalkine levels were determined using human CX3CL1 ELISA. Results:- healthy children had lower serum fractalkine levels (median: 950.56 pg/ml, range: 591.55-1583.29) than both patient groups p<0.001, while there were as no significant differences between patients with LN (median: 1389.35 pg/ml, range 711.22 -16547.51) and without LN (median: 1429.39 pg/ml, range 591.55 - 4700.21), p=0.46. Moreover, serum Fractalkine was not correlated with the stage of LN (r=0.29, P=0.21) Conclusion:- Serum fractalkine is a poor predictor of lupus nephritis in children with SLE, although more studies are still required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]