Search

Cellular mobile technology has witnessed tremendous growth in recent times. One of the challenges facing the operators to extend the coverage of the networks to meet the rising demand for cellular mobile services is the power sources used to supply cellular towers with energy, especially in remote. Thus, switch from the conventional sources of energy to a greener and sustainable power model became a target of the academic and industrial sectors in many fields; one of these important fields is the telecommunication sector. Accordingly, this study aims to find the optimum sizing and techno-economic investigation of a solar photovoltaic scheme to deploy cellular mobile technology infrastructure cleanly and sustainably. The optimal solar-powered system is designed by employing the energy-balance procedures of the HOMER software tool. The problem objective is considered in terms of cost, but the energy system is constrained to meet the power demand reliably. Process simulations were performed to determine the optimum sizing, performance and monetary cost of the power system, using long-term meteorological datasets for a case study site with defined longitude (31° 25' E) and latitude (30° 06' N). From the observed results, the total net present cost (NPC) of the proposed system is $28,187. Indeed, these outcomes can provide profound economic, technical, and ecological benefits to cellular operators. It also ensures a sizeable reduction in greenhouse gas that supports sustainable green wireless network (WN) deployment in remote areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is a safe and limitless energy source that can be utilized for heating, cooling, and other purposes. Wind energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources. Power fluctuation of wind turbines occurs due to variation of wind velocity. A wind cube is used to decrease power fluctuation and increase the wind turbine's power. The optimum design for a wind cube is the main contribution of this work. The decisive design parameters used to optimize the wind cube are its inner and outer radius, the roughness factor, and the height of the wind turbine hub. A Gradient-Based Optimizer (GBO) is used as a new metaheuristic algorithm in this problem. The objective function of this research includes two parts: the first part is to minimize the probability of generated energy loss, and the second is to minimize the cost of the wind turbine and wind cube. The Gradient-Based Optimizer (GBO) is applied to optimize the variables of two wind turbine types and the design of the wind cube. The metrological data of the Red Sea governorate of Egypt is used as a case study for this analysis. Based on the results, the optimum design of a wind cube is achieved, and an improvement in energy produced from the wind turbine with a wind cube will be compared with energy generated without a wind cube. The energy generated from a wind turbine with the optimized cube is more than 20 times that of a wind turbine without a wind cube for all cases studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flat plate solar collectors are widely utilized for water heating in residential buildings, commercial and industrial applications. The thermal characteristics improvement of the working fluid can dramatically increase solar collector thermal efficiency. The working fluid thermal properties were improved by using nanofluids. Present work aims to study the effect of nano aluminum and titanium oxides addition to the water as a working fluid on solar collector efficiency. Outdoor experiments were carried out according to ASHRAE Standard 86 − 93. Nanoparticles of 25 nm size were used to reduce the agglomeration and increase the dispersion. Nanofluids were prepared at a concentration of 2% by weight and a surfactant was added to improve the stability. The tank outlet temperature was measured at different nanofluid flow rates of 2, 4, and 6 l/m. The maximum increases in tank outlet temperature for Al2O3 and TiO2 were 5 and 7% at a flow rate of 2 l/m, respectively. Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluid improved the collector efficiencies by 30 and 32% at 2 l/m, respectively. TiO2 had an increase in collector efficiency about Al2O3 at all flow rates. The maximum improvements in thermal conductivity for TiO2 about Al2O3 were 1, 2, and 2.5% at 2, 4, and 6 l/m flow rates. The increases of friction coefficients of the nanofluids were less than 1% at all temperature range. The maximum increase in collector efficiency for Al2O3 and TiO2 were about 22 and 30%, respectively about base fluid. Using Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluid was recommended to enhance solar collector performance. Photographic view and schematic diagram of solar collector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]