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2. Assimilation of the SCATSAR-SWI with SURFEX: Impact of local observation errors in Austria

Author

Vural, J., Schneider, S., Bauer-Marschallinger, B., and Haslinger, K.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

The proper determination of soil moisture on different scales is important for applications in a variety of fields. We aim to develop a high-level soil moisture product with high temporal and spatial resolution by assimilating the multilayer soil moisture product SCATSAR-SWI (Scatterometer Synthetic Aperture Radar Soil Water Index) into the surface model SURFEX. In addition, we probe the impact of the findings on the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) in Austria. The data assimilation system consists of the NWP model AROME and the SURFEX Offline Data Assimilation, which provide atmospheric forcing and soil moisture fields as mutual input. To address the known sensitivity of the employed simplified Extended Kalman Filter to the specification of errors, we compute the observation error variances of the SCATSAR-SWI locally using Triple Collocation Analysis and implement them into the assimilation system. The verification of the forecasted 2 m temperature and relative humidity against measurements of Austrian weather stations shows that the actual impact of the local error approach on the atmospheric forecast is slightly positive to neutral compared to the standard error approach, depending on the time of the year. The direct verification of the soil moisture analysis against a gridded water balance product reveals a degradation of the unbiased root mean square error for small observation errors.

Published
2020
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4. Climate Changes and Their Elevational Patterns in the Mountains of the World

Author

Pepin, N. C., primary, Arnone, E., additional, Gobiet, A., additional, Haslinger, K., additional, Kotlarski, S., additional, Notarnicola, C., additional, Palazzi, E., additional, Seibert, P., additional, Serafin, S., additional, Schöner, W., additional, Terzago, S., additional, Thornton, J. M., additional, Vuille, M., additional, and Adler, C., additional

Published
2022
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9. Die Prostatahypertrophie als Alterssymptom

Author

Haslinger, K., Amreich, A. I., Breitner, B., v. Chiari, H., Denk, W., Ehalt, W., Gerke, O., Gundel, M., Haslinger, K., Hofer, G., Hohmann, G., Lejeune, F., Lindner, K. D., Navratil, E., Parade, G. W., Petschacher, L., Pötzl, O., Risak, E., and Sattler, A.

Published
1942
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10. La sécheresse européenne de 2015 du point de vue hydrologique

Author

Laaha, G., Gauster, T., Delus, C., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Van Loon, A., Heudorfer, B., Prudhomme, C., Kingston, D., Rets, E., Sauquet, Eric, Van Lanen, H., Stagge, J. H., Hannaford, J., Stahl, Konrad, Haslinger, K., Caillouet, L., Tallaksen, L., Mediero, L., Gudmundsson, L., Kireeva, M., Hänel, M., Adler, M.J., Osuch, M., Fendekova, M., Ionita Scholz, M., Frolova, N., Vlnas, R., Romanowicz, R., Gailliez, S., Chelcea, S., Wong, W.K., University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Université de Lorraine (UL), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY FREIBURG DEU, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Loughborough University, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MOSCOW RUS, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Oslo (UiO), CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY AND GEODYNAMICS ZAMG VIENNA AUT, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID ESP, ETH ZURICH CHE, MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY MOSCOW RUS, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management [Roumanie] (NIHWM), Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Comenius University in Bratislava, ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH BREMERHAVEN DEU, TGM WRI VUV TG MASARYK WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE CZE, SERVICE PUBLIC DE WALLONIE CHATELET BEL, and NORWEGIAN WATER RESOURCES AND ENERGY DIRECTORATE OSLO NOR

Subjects
EUROPE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The year 2015 was hot and dry in many European countries. A timely assessment of its hydrological impacts constitutes a difficult task, because stream flow records are often not available within 2-3 years after recording. Moreover, monitoring is performed on a national or even provincial basis. There are still major barriers of data access, especially for eastern European countries. Wherever data are available, their compatibility poses a major challenge. In two companion papers we summarize a collaborative initiative of members of UNESCO’s FRIEND-Water program to perform a timely Pan-European assessment of the 2015 drought. In this second part we analyse the hydrological perspective based on streamflow observations. We first describe the data access strategy and the assessment method. We than present the results consisting of a range of low flow indices calculated for about 800 gauges across Europe. We compare the characteristics of the 2015 drought with the average, long-term conditions, and with the specific conditions of the 2003 drought, which is often used as a worst-case benchmark to gauge future drought events. Overall, the hydrological 2015 drought is characterised by a much smaller spatial extend than the 2003 drought. Extreme streamflows are observed mainly in a band North of the Alps spanning from E-France to Poland. In terms of flow magnitude, Czech, E-Germany and N-Austria were most affected. In this region the low flows often had return periods of 100 years and more, indicating that the event was much more severe than the 2003 event. In terms of deficit volumes, the centre of the event was more oriented towards S-Germany. Based on a detailed assessment of the spatio-temporal characteristics at various scales, we are able to explain the different behaviour in these regions by diverging wetness preconditions in the catchments. This suggest that the sole knowledge of atmospheric indices is not sufficient to characterise hydrological drought events. We claim that assessment of impacts on water resources requires hydrological data and additional efforts of Pan-European dimension need to be undertaken to make hydrological assessments more operational in the future.

Published
2016

11. Hydrology needed to manage droughts: the 2015 European case

Author

Van Lanen, H.A.J., Laaha, G., Kingston, D.G., Gauster, T., Ionita, M., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Vlnas, R., Tallaksen, L.M., Stahl, K., Hannaford, J., Delus, C., Fendekova, M., Mediero, L., Prudhomme, C., Rets, E., Romanowicz, R.J., Gailliez, S., Wong, W.K., Adler, M.J., Blauhut, V., Caillouet, L., Chelcea, S., Frolova, N., Gudmundsson, L., Hanel, M., Haslinger, K., Kireeva, M., Osuch, M., Sauquet, Eric, Stagge, J.H., Van Loon, A.F., Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, University of Oslo (UiO), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche en Géographie de l'Aménagement des Paysages et de l'Environnement (CERGAPE - LOTERR), Université de Lorraine (UL), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University [Bratislava], Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Service Public de Wallonie, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Masaryk University, Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics [Vienna] (ZAMG), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management [Roumanie] (NIHWM), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)

Subjects
HYDROLOGY, SECHERESSE, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, HYDROLOGIE, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, DROUGHT
Abstract

International audience; It is generally accepted that drought is one of the most costly weather-related natural hazards. In 2015, a long-lasting drought hit Europe, particularly affecting central and eastern Europe. In some regions it was the driest (North Slovakia) and in others (Czech Republic and Poland) it was the second driest summer of the last 50 years (following 2003). Key questions are: (i) how extreme are these events, not only in terms of hydro-meteorological characteristics but also impacts? and (ii) how are these impacts managed?

Published
2016

13. Structure of the terminal PCP domain of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase in teicoplanin biosynthesis

Author

Haslinger, K., Redfield, C., and Cryle, M.

Abstract

The biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotics, of which teicoplanin and vancomycin are representative members, relies on the combination of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis and modification of the peptide by cytochrome P450 (Oxy) enzymes while the peptide remains bound to the peptide synthesis machinery. We have structurally characterized the final peptidyl carrier protein domain of the teicoplanin non-ribosomal peptide synthetase machinery: this domain is believed to mediate the interactions with tailoring Oxy enzymes in addition to its function as a shuttle for intermediates between multiple non-ribosomal peptide synthetase domains. Using solution state NMR, we have determined structures of this PCP domain in two states, the apo and the post-translationally modified holo state, both of which conform to a four-helix bundle assembly. The structures exhibit the same general fold as the majority of known carrier protein structures, in spite of the complex biosynthetic role that PCP domains from the final non-ribosomal peptide synthetase module must play in glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis. These structures thus support the hypothesis that it is subtle rearrangements, rather than dramatic conformational changes, which govern carrier protein interactions and selectivity during non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Published
2015

16. Referate

Author

Reuter, Karl, Fruböse, Higier, Stern, F., Giese, Fraenckel, P., Ganter, Ipsen, C., Biberfeld, Ball, Erna, Fraenckel, P., Meixner, Davidsohn, Heinrich, Brandweiner, Wexberg, Erwin, Haslinger, K., v. Neureiter, Strassmann, G., Lochte, Klieneberger, and Schackwitz

Published
1922
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17. Referate

Author

Stern, F., Wohlauer, F., Peritz, G., Külbs, Fraenckel, P., Gangl, Haslinger, K., Ipsen, C., Emmerich, Victor, Meixner, Haberda, Schaack, Gräfenberg, Temesvary, Reuter, Karl, Wexberg, Erwin, Kaufmann, M., Strassmann, G., Giese, Perlmann, and Schackwitz

Published
1922
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26. Der Mann Seine Physiologie und Pathologie

Author

Albrecht, O., primary, v. Buddenbrock-Hettersdorf, W., additional, Denk, W., additional, Deuticke, P., additional, Eppinger, H., additional, Falta, W., additional, Fuhs, H., additional, Hamburger, F., additional, Haslinger, K., additional, v. Homma, H., additional, Hryntschak, Th., additional, v. Jagić, N., additional, Jelusich, M., additional, v. Kutschera-Aichbergen, H., additional, Lejeune, F., additional, Maier, E., additional, Paula, F., additional, Pirker, H., additional, Plattner, F., additional, Polzer, K., additional, Pötzl, O., additional, Schneider, Ph., additional, Schönbauer, L., additional, Seyfried, H., additional, Thums, K., additional, Wessely, E., additional, Winkelbauer, A., additional, and Zimmer, A., additional

Published
1943
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27. Das Altern und seine Beschwerden

Author

Amreich, A. I., primary, Breitner, B., additional, v. Chiari, H., additional, Denk, W., additional, Ehalt, W., additional, Gerke, O., additional, Gundel, M., additional, Haslinger, K., additional, Hofer, G., additional, Hohmann, G., additional, Lejeune, F., additional, Lindner, K. D., additional, Navratil, E., additional, Parade, G. W., additional, Petschacher, L., additional, Pötzl, O., additional, Risak, E., additional, and Sattler, A., additional

Published
1942
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30. Anpassungsstrategien an den Klimawandel für Österreichs Wasserwirtschaft – Ziele und Schlussfolgerungen der Studie für Bund und Länder. Climate change adaptation strategies for water resources management in Austria

Author

Blöschl, G., Schöner, W., Kroiß, H., Blaschke, A.P., Böhm, R., Haslinger, K., Kreuzinger, N., Merz, Ralf, Parajka, J., Salinas, J.L., Viglione, A., Blöschl, G., Schöner, W., Kroiß, H., Blaschke, A.P., Böhm, R., Haslinger, K., Kreuzinger, N., Merz, Ralf, Parajka, J., Salinas, J.L., and Viglione, A.

Abstract

Die Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik und die Technische Universität Wien wurden vom Lebensministerium und den wasserwirtschaftlichen Abteilungen der Landesregierungen beauftragt, eine Studie zur Entwicklung von Anpassungsstrategien an den Klimawandel für Österreichs Wasserwirtschaft durchzuführen. Zielsetzung war es, den aktuellen Stand des Wissens zusammenzuführen, die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Wasserwirtschaft mit neuesten Daten und Methoden in konsistenter Weise abzuschätzen und Vorschläge für Anpassungsmaßnahmen zu erarbeiten. Die Studie umfasst die folgenden Themenbereiche der Wasserwirtschaft in Österreich: Klimaänderung und Klimavariabilität, Hochwasser, Wasserbilanz, Niederwasser, Wassertemperaturen, Geschiebepotential, Grundwasser, Seen, Gletscher, Wasserkraft, Wasserqualität, Nutzungs- und Bedarfsaspekte. Die traditionelle Szenarienmethode für Klimaimpaktstudien ist problematisch, da sie große Unsicherheiten aufweist, die zudem schwer abschätzbar sind. Deswegen verfolgte die Studie drei Grundprinzipien, die sich von den üblichen Klimaimpaktstudien unterscheiden: (1) Weiche und harte Aussagen wurden unterschieden, um tragfähige Entscheidungsgrundlagen für Anpassungsmaßnahmen zu ermitteln; (2) um die Zuverlässigkeit der Aussagen zu erhöhen und ihre Unsicherheit einzuschätzen wurden ergänzende Informationsquellen herangezogen; Dabei lag (3) der Fokus auf Mechanismen, die differenziertere und transparentere Aussagen über Ursache-Wirkung erlauben als jene aus der Szenarienmethode alleine. Die auf dieser Basis erarbeiteten Anpassungsstrategien münden in einer Reihe robuster und flexibler Empfehlungen für Maßnahmen. The Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics and the Vienna University of Technology were commissioned by the Ministry of Life and the Water Resources Divisions of the State Governments to carry out a study on developing climate change adaptation strategies for water resources management in Austria. The aim of the st

Published
2011

34. A three-pillar approach to assessing climate impacts on low flows.

Author

Laaha, G., Parajka, J., Viglione, A., Koffer, D., Haslinger, K., Schöner, W., Zehetgruber, J., and Blöschl, G.

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to present a new strategy for assessing climate impacts on low flows and droughts. The strategy is termed a three-pillar approach as it combines different sources of information. The first pillar, trend extrapolation, exploits the temporal patterns of observed low flows and extends them into the future. The second pillar, rainfall-runoff projections uses precipitation and temperature scenarios from climate models as an input to rainfall-runoff models to project future low flows. The third pillar, stochastic projections, exploits the temporal patterns of observed precipitation and air temperature and extends them into the future to drive rainfall-runoff projections. These pieces of information are combined by expert judgement based on a synoptic view of data and model outputs, taking the respective uncertainties of the methods into account. The viability of the approach is demonstrated for four example catchments from Austria that represent typical climate conditions in Central Europe. The projections differ in terms of their signs and magnitudes. The degree to which the methods agree depends on the regional climate and the dominant low flow seasonality. In the Alpine region where winter low flows dominate, trend projections and climate scenarios yield consistent projections of increasing low flows, although of different magnitudes. In the region north of the Alps, consistently small changes are projected by all methods. In the regions in the South and Southeast, more pronounced and mostly decreasing trends are projected but there is disagreement in the magnitudes of the projected changes. These results suggest that conclusions drawn from only one pillar of information would be highly uncertain. The three-pillar approach offers a systematic framework of combining different sources of information aiming at more robust projections than obtained from each pillar alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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35. Creating long term gridded fields of reference evapotranspiration in Alpine terrain based on a re-calibrated Hargreaves method.

Author

Haslinger, K. and Bartsch, A.

Abstract

A new approach for the construction of high resolution gridded fields of reference evapotranspiration for the Austrian domain on a daily time step is presented. Forcing fields of gridded data of minimum and maximum temperatures are used to estimate reference evapotranspiration based on the formulation of Hargreaves. The calibration constant in the Hargreaves equation is recalibrated to the Penman-Monteith equation, which is recommended by the FAO, in a monthly and station-wise assessment. This ensures on one hand eliminated biases of the Hargreaves approach compared to the formulation of Penman-Monteith and on the other hand also reduced root mean square errors and relative errors on a daily time scale. The resulting new calibration parameters are interpolated in time to a daily temporal resolution for a standard year of 365 days. The overall novelty of the approach is the conduction of surface elevation as a predictor to estimate the re-calibrated Hargreaves parameter in space. A third order spline is fitted to the re-calibrated parameters against elevation at every station and yields the statistical model for assessing these new parameters in space by using the underlying digital elevation model of the temperature fields. Having newly calibrated parameters for every day of year and every grid point, the Hargreaves method is applied to the temperature fields, yielding reference evapotranspiration for the entire grid and time period from 1961-2013. With this approach it is possible to generate high resolution reference evapotranspiration fields starting when only temperature observations are available but re-calibrated to meet the requirements of the recommendations defined by the FAO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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39. Vibration Response of a U-Tube Bundle with Anti-Vibration Bar Supports due to Turbulence and Fluidelastic Excitations

Author

Haslinger, K. H. and Steininger, D. A.

Abstract

A flow test program is described which characterizes turbulence and fluidelastically induced tube responses of a 5 by 12 U-tube bundle with Anti-Vibration Bar (AVB) supports. The tube bundle was tested with three different tube/AVB support-clearance conditions. Individual, isolated tubes were also investigated with various, precisely set boundary conditions. These latter tests provide accurate tube response and tube/tube support interaction data under conditions of flow turbulence and fluidelastical tube excitation. These results are used for verification of nonlinear finite element computer code simulations of tube vibration and wear. Conventional accelerometer and proximity probe instrumentation identified modal tube responses, and in-plane and out-of-plane tube motion behavior in the U-bend region of the tube bundle. Replacing short tube sections with force/motion measurement devices integral with the tube enabled nonintrusive monitoring of contract/impact forces, as well as of tube in-plane sliding motions when the tube was in contact with an AVB. This arrangement allowed for the experimental determination of "work rates" and impact force histograms. During a series of three tests, using increasing support clearance conditions, complex tube vibration patterns were produced that exhibited effects of AVB movement. Centered tubes, subjected to flow, first responded to turbulence excitation, and then, as flow increased, exhibited predictable fluidelastic instabilities at fundamental vibration modes. Further increase in flow resulted in amplitude controlled limit cycles. These cycles showed gradually increasing response frequencies with evidence of mode switching. The threshold velocity for fluidelastic response increases with the number of AVB contact points and the level of preload. At low cross-flow velocities, work rate results vary significantly for different conditions. At higher cross-flow velocities, similar work-rate data were obtained, even though different wear mechanisms (sliding versus impact) existed. Copyright 1995, 1999 Academic Press

Published
1995
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44. Ueber Altersschwerhörigkeit

Author

Hofer, Gustav, Amreich, A. I., Breitner, B., v. Chiari, H., Denk, W., Ehalt, W., Gerke, O., Gundel, M., Haslinger, K., Hofer, G., Hohmann, G., Lejeune, F., Lindner, K. D., Navratil, E., Parade, G. W., Petschacher, L., Pötzl, O., Risak, E., and Sattler, A.

Published
1942
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45. Alterserkrankungen des Gehirns

Author

Pötzl, O., Amreich, A. I., Breitner, B., v. Chiari, H., Denk, W., Ehalt, W., Gerke, O., Gundel, M., Haslinger, K., Hofer, G., Hohmann, G., Lejeune, F., Lindner, K. D., Navratil, E., Parade, G. W., Petschacher, L., Pötzl, O., Risak, E., and Sattler, A.

Published
1942
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46. Der Alterskrebs

Author

Breitner, B., Amreich, A. I., Breitner, B., v. Chiari, H., Denk, W., Ehalt, W., Gerke, O., Gundel, M., Haslinger, K., Hofer, G., Hohmann, G., Lejeune, F., Lindner, K. D., Navratil, E., Parade, G. W., Petschacher, L., Pötzl, O., Risak, E., and Sattler, A.

Published
1942
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48. Die Bäderbehandlung bei Alterskrankheiten

Author

Gerke, Otto, Amreich, A. I., Breitner, B., v. Chiari, H., Denk, W., Ehalt, W., Gerke, O., Gundel, M., Haslinger, K., Hofer, G., Hohmann, G., Lejeune, F., Lindner, K. D., Navratil, E., Parade, G. W., Petschacher, L., Pötzl, O., Risak, E., and Sattler, A.

Published
1942
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49. Der Altersbrand

Author

Denk, W., Amreich, A. I., Breitner, B., v. Chiari, H., Denk, W., Ehalt, W., Gerke, O., Gundel, M., Haslinger, K., Hofer, G., Hohmann, G., Lejeune, F., Lindner, K. D., Navratil, E., Parade, G. W., Petschacher, L., Pötzl, O., Risak, E., and Sattler, A.

Published
1942
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50. Gelenkerkrankungen im vorgeschrittenen Alter

Author

Hohmann, G., Amreich, A. I., Breitner, B., v. Chiari, H., Denk, W., Ehalt, W., Gerke, O., Gundel, M., Haslinger, K., Hofer, G., Hohmann, G., Lejeune, F., Lindner, K. D., Navratil, E., Parade, G. W., Petschacher, L., Pötzl, O., Risak, E., and Sattler, A.

Published
1942
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