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7. Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Distal variables

Author

May, Philip A., primary, Hasken, Julie M., additional, de Vries, Marlene M., additional, Marais, Anna‐Susan, additional, Abdul‐Rahman, Omar, additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Adam, Margaret P., additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Buckley, David, additional, Snell, Cudore L., additional, Seedat, Soraya, additional, Parry, Charles D. H., additional, and Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional

Published
2024
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8. Estimating the community prevalence, child traits, and maternal risk factors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) from a random sample of school children

Author

May, Philip A., Hasken, Julie M., Hooper, Stephen R., Hedrick, Dixie M., Jackson-Newsom, Julia, Mullis, Chalise E., Dobyns, Elizabeth, Kalberg, Wendy O., Buckley, David, Robinson, Luther K., Abdul-Rahman, Omar, Adam, Margaret P., Manning, Melanie A., Jewett, Tamison, and Hoyme, H. Eugene

Published
2021
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9. The prevalence, child characteristics, and maternal risk factors for the continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: A sixth population-based study in the same South African community

Author

May, Philip A., Marais, Anna-Susan, De Vries, Marlene M., Buckley, David, Kalberg, Wendy O., Hasken, Julie M., Stegall, Julie M., Hedrick, Dixie M., Robinson, Luther K., Manning, Melanie A., Tabachnick, Barbara G., Seedat, Soraya, Parry, Charles D.H., and Hoyme, H. Eugene

Published
2021
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10. Maternal and paternal risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Alcohol and other drug use as proximal influences

Author

May, Philip A., primary, Hasken, Julie M., additional, de Vries, Marlene M., additional, Marais, Anna‐Susan, additional, Abdul‐Rahman, Omar, additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Adam, Margaret P., additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Buckley, David, additional, Seedat, Soraya, additional, Parry, Charles D. H., additional, and Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional

Published
2023
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12. Who is most affected by prenatal alcohol exposure: Boys or girls?

Author

May, Philip A., Tabachnick, Barbara, Hasken, Julie M., Marais, Anna-Susan, de Vries, Marlene M., Barnard, Ronel, Joubert, Belinda, Cloete, Marise, Botha, Isobel, Kalberg, Wendy O., Buckley, David, Burroughs, Zachary R., Bezuidenhout, Heidre, Robinson, Luther K., Manning, Melanie A., Adnams, Colleen M., Seedat, Soraya, Parry, Charles D.H., and Hoyme, H. Eugene

Published
2017
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13. Multifaceted case management during pregnancy is associated with better child outcomes and less fetal alcohol syndrome.

Author

May, Philip A., Marais, Anna-Susan, Kalberg, Wendy O., de Vries, Marlene M., Buckley, David, Hasken, Julie M., Snell, Cudore L., Barnard Röhrs, Ronel, Hedrick, Dixie M., Bezuidenhout, Heidre, Anthonissen, Lise, Bröcker, Erine, Robinson, Luther K., Manning, Melanie A., Hoyme, H. Eugene, Seedat, Soraya, and Parry, Charles D. H.

Subjects
FETAL alcohol syndrome, ALCOHOLISM, TEMPERANCE, PUERPERAL disorders, PRENATAL alcohol exposure, PRENATAL care
Abstract

Pregnant women participated in multifaceted case management (MCM) to prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Women recruited from antenatal clinics for a longitudinal child development study were screened for alcohol use. Forty-four pregnant women were defined as high-risk drinkers on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) by an AUDIT score ≥8 and participated in 18 months of MCM to facilitate reduction or cessation of alcohol consumption. Forty-one women completed MCM. Fifty-five equally high-risk women who received standard antenatal care comprised the comparison/control group. Development in offspring was evaluated by a blinded interdisciplinary team of examiners through 5 years of age. At five years of age, more children (34%) of MCM participating women did not meet the criteria for FASD vs. non-MCM offspring (22%). Furthermore, a statistically significant (p =.01) lower proportion of MCM offspring (24%) was diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) compared to controls (49%). Children of MCM participants had significantly (p <.05) better physical outcomes: lower total dysmorphology scores, larger head circumferences, longer palpebral fissures, and higher midfacial measurements. Neurodevelopment results showed mixed outcomes. While Bayley developmental scores indicated that MCM offspring were performing significantly worse on most domains through 18 months, group scores equalized and were not significantly different on Kaufman Assessment Battery neurobehavioral measures by five years. Regression analyses indicated that offspring of women who received standard antenatal care were associated with significantly more negative outcomes than MCM offspring: a diagnosis of FAS (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.093–9.081), microcephaly (OR = 5.3; 95% CI: 2.1–13.5), head circumference ≤10th centile (OR = 4.3; 95%CI: 1.8–10.4), and short palpebral fissures (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.0–5.8). At age five, proportionally fewer children of MCM participants qualified for a diagnosis of FAS, and proportionally more had physical outcomes indicating better prenatal brain development. Neurobehavioral indicators were not significantly different from controls by age five. Multifaceted Case Management (MCM) was designed and employed for 18 months during the prenatal and immediate postpartum period to successfully meet multiple needs of women who had proven to be very high risk for birthing children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Offspring of the women who participated in MCM were followed up through age five years and were found to have significantly better physical outcomes on multiple variables associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and FASD, such as larger head circumferences and fewer minor anomalies, than those children born to equally at-risk women not receiving MCM. Fewer children of women receiving MCM were diagnosed with FASD than the offspring of equally-at-risk controls, and significantly (p =.01) fewer MCM offspring had FAS, the most severe FASD diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. The continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in a community in South Africa: Prevalence and characteristics in a fifth sample

Author

May, Philip A., Marais, Anna-Susan, de Vries, Marlene M., Kalberg, Wendy O., Buckley, David, Hasken, Julie M., Adnams, Colleen M., Barnard, Ronel, Joubert, Belinda, Cloete, Marise, Tabachnick, Barbara, Robinson, Luther K., Manning, Melanie A., Jones, Kenneth Lyons, Bezuidenhout, Heidre, Seedat, Soraya, Parry, Charles D.H., and Hoyme, H. Eugene

Published
2016
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15. Breastfeeding and maternal alcohol use: Prevalence and effects on child outcomes and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Author

May, Philip A., Hasken, Julie M., Blankenship, Jason, Marais, Anna-Susan, Joubert, Belinda, Cloete, Marise, de Vries, Marlene M., Barnard, Ronel, Botha, Isobel, Roux, Sumien, Doms, Cate, Gossage, J. Phillip, Kalberg, Wendy O., Buckley, David, Robinson, Luther K., Adnams, Colleen M., Manning, Melanie A., Parry, Charles D.H., Hoyme, H.Eugene, Tabachnick, Barbara, and Seedat, Soraya

Published
2016
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20. The prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in rural communities in South Africa: A third regional sample of child characteristics and maternal risk factors

Author

May, Philip A., primary, de Vries, Marlene M., additional, Marais, Anna‐Susan, additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Buckley, David, additional, Hasken, Julie M., additional, Abdul‐Rahman, Omar, additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, Seedat, Soraya, additional, Parry, Charles D. H., additional, and Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional

Published
2022
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22. Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in 4 US Communities

Author

May, Philip A., Chambers, Christina D., Kalberg, Wendy O., Zellner, Jennifer, Feldman, Haruna, Buckley, David, Kopald, David, Hasken, Julie M., Xu, Ronghui, Honerkamp-Smith, Gordon, Taras, Howard, Manning, Melanie A., Robinson, Luther K., Adam, Margaret P., Abdul-Rahman, Omar, Vaux, Keith, Jewett, Tamison, Elliott, Amy J., Kable, Julie A., Akshoomoff, Natacha, Falk, Daniel, Arroyo, Judith A., Hereld, Dale, Riley, Edward P., Charness, Michael E., Coles, Claire D., Warren, Kenneth R., Jones, Kenneth Lyons, and Hoyme, H. Eugene

Published
2018
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23. Characteristic physical traits of first‐grade children in the United States with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASD ) and associated alcohol and drug exposures

Author

May, Philip A., primary, Hasken, Julie M., additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Abdul‐Rahman, Omar, additional, Adam, Margaret P., additional, Jewett, Tamison, additional, Elliott, Amy J., additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Buckley, David, additional, and Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional

Published
2022
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25. Gestational age and birth growth parameters as early predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Author

Hasken, Julie M., primary, Marais, Anna‐Susan, additional, Vries, Marlene, additional, Joubert, Belinda, additional, Cloete, Marise, additional, Botha, Isobel, additional, Symington, Sumien Roux, additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Buckley, David, additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, Parry, Charles D. H., additional, Seedat, Soraya, additional, Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional, and May, Philip A., additional

Published
2021
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26. Ocular measurements in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Author

Gomez, Diego A., primary, May, Philip A., additional, Tabachnick, Barbara G., additional, Hasken, Julie M., additional, Lyden, Elizabeth R., additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, Adam, Margaret P., additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Jones, Kenneth Lyons, additional, Buckley, David, additional, and Abdul‐Rahman, Omar A., additional

Published
2020
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27. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in a Rocky Mountain Region City: Child Characteristics, Maternal Risk Traits, and Prevalence

Author

May, Philip A., primary, Hasken, Julie M., additional, Bozeman, Rosemary, additional, Jones, Jo‐Viviane, additional, Burns, Mary Kay, additional, Goodover, Joelene, additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Buckley, David, additional, Brooks, Marita, additional, Ortega, Marian A., additional, Elliott, Amy J., additional, Hedrick, Dixie M., additional, Tabachnick, Barbara G., additional, Abdul‐Rahman, Omar, additional, Adam, Margaret P., additional, Jewett, Tamison, additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, and Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional

Published
2020
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28. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in a Southeastern County of the United States: Child Characteristics and Maternal Risk Traits

Author

May, Philip A., primary, Hasken, Julie M., additional, Stegall, Julie M., additional, Mastro, Heather A., additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Buckley, David, additional, Brooks, Marita, additional, Hedrick, Dixie M., additional, Ortega, Marian A., additional, Elliott, Amy J., additional, Tabachnick, Barbara G., additional, Abdul‐Rahman, Omar, additional, Adam, Margaret P., additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, Jewett, Tamison, additional, and Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional

Published
2020
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29. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in a Midwestern City: Child Characteristics, Maternal Risk Traits, and Prevalence

Author

May, Philip A., primary, Hasken, Julie M., additional, Baete, Amy, additional, Russo, Jaymi, additional, Elliott, Amy J., additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Buckley, David, additional, Brooks, Marita, additional, Ortega, Marian A., additional, Hedrick, Dixie M., additional, Tabachnick, Barbara G., additional, Abdul‐Rahman, Omar, additional, Adam, Margaret P., additional, Jewett, Tamison, additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, and Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional

Published
2020
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30. Early-Life Predictors of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Author

Kalberg, Wendy O., primary, May, Philip A., additional, Buckley, David, additional, Hasken, Julie M., additional, Marais, Anna-Susan, additional, De Vries, Marlene M., additional, Bezuidenhout, Heidre, additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Adam, Margaret P., additional, Hoyme, Derek B., additional, Parry, Charles D.H., additional, Seedat, Soraya, additional, Elliott, Amy J., additional, and Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional

Published
2019
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31. Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in 4 US Communities

Author

May, Philip A., primary, Chambers, Christina D., additional, Kalberg, Wendy O., additional, Zellner, Jennifer, additional, Feldman, Haruna, additional, Buckley, David, additional, Kopald, David, additional, Hasken, Julie M., additional, Xu, Ronghui, additional, Honerkamp-Smith, Gordon, additional, Taras, Howard, additional, Manning, Melanie A., additional, Robinson, Luther K., additional, Adam, Margaret P., additional, Abdul-Rahman, Omar, additional, Vaux, Keith, additional, Jewett, Tamison, additional, Elliott, Amy J., additional, Kable, Julie A., additional, Akshoomoff, Natacha, additional, Falk, Daniel, additional, Arroyo, Judith A., additional, Hereld, Dale, additional, Riley, Edward P., additional, Charness, Michael E., additional, Coles, Claire D., additional, Warren, Kenneth R., additional, Jones, Kenneth Lyons, additional, and Hoyme, H. Eugene, additional

Published
2018
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32. The continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in a community in South Africa: Prevalence and characteristics in a fifth sample

Author

Robinson, Luther K., Tabachnick, Barbara, Hoyme, H. Eugene, Jones, Kenneth Lyons, de Vries, Marlene M., Buckley, David, Adnams, Colleen M., Manning, Melanie A., Bezuidenhout, Heidre, Marais, Anna-Susan, Cloete, Marise, Joubert, Belinda, Barnard, Ronel, May, Philip A., Hasken, Julie M., Seedat, Soraya, Parry, Charles D.H., and Kalberg, Wendy O.

Subjects
female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract

The prevalence and characteristics of the continuum of diagnoses within fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) were researched in a fifth sample in a South African community.

Published
2016
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33. The continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in four rural communities in south africa: Prevalence and characteristics

Author

Hasken, Julie M., Hoyme, H. Eugene, Hoyme, Derek, Robinson, Luther K., de Vries, Marlene M., Tabachnick, Barbara, Kalberg, Wendy O., May, Philip A., Adnams, Colleen M., Jones, Kenneth Lyons, Manning, Melanie A., Parry, Charles D.H., Marais, Anna-Susan, and Seedat, Soraya

Abstract

Prevalence and characteristics of the continuum of diagnoses within fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) were researched in previously unstudied rural, agricultural, lower socioeconomic populations in South Africa (ZA).

Published
2016
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34. Replication of High Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevalence Rates, Child Characteristics, and Maternal Risk Factors in a Second Sample of Rural Communities in South Africa.

Author

May, Philip A., De Vries, Marlene M., Marais, Anna-Susan, Kalberg, Wendy O., Buckley, David, Adnams, Colleen M., Hasken, Julie M., Tabachnick, Barbara, Robinson, Luther K., Manning, Melanie A., Bezuidenhout, Heidre, Adam, Margaret P., Jones, Kenneth L., Seedat, Soraya, Parry, Charles D. H., and Hoyme, H. Eugene

Published
2017
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38. Replication of High Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevalence Rates, Child Characteristics, and Maternal Risk Factors in a Second Sample of Rural Communities in South Africa

Author

Kalberg, Wendy O., Manning, Melanie A., Parry, Charles D. H., Buckley, David, Marais, Anna-Susan, Bezuidenhout, Heidre, De Vries, Marlene M., Hoyme, H. Eugene, Robinson, Luther K., Jones, Kenneth L., Adam, Margaret P., May, Philip A., Adnams, Colleen M., Seedat, Soraya, Tabachnick, Barbara, and Hasken, Julie M.

Subjects
female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, reproductive and urinary physiology, 3. Good health
Abstract

Background: Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and total fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) were studied in a second sample of three South African rural communities to assess change. Methods: Active case ascertainment focused on children with height, weight and/or head circumference ≤25th centile and randomly-selected children. Final diagnoses were based on dysmorphology, neurobehavioral scores, and maternal risk interviews. Results: Cardinal facial features, head circumference, and total dysmorphology scores differentiated specific FASD diagnostic categories in a somewhat linear fashion but all FASD traits were significantly worse than those of randomly-selected controls. Neurodevelopmental delays were significantly worse for children with FASD than controls. Binge alcohol use was clearly documented as the proximal maternal risk factor for FASD, and significant distal risk factors were: low body mass, education, and income; high gravidity, parity, and age at birth of the index child. FAS rates continue to extremely high in these communities at 89–129 per 1000 children. Total FASD affect 196–276 per 1000 or 20–28% of the children in these communities. Conclusions: Very high rates of FASD persist in these general populations where regular, heavy drinking, often in a binge fashion, co-occurs with low socioeconomic conditions.

39. Indicated Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in South Africa: Effectiveness of Case Management.

Author

de Vries MM, Joubert B, Cloete M, Roux S, Baca BA, Hasken JM, Barnard R, Buckley D, Kalberg WO, Snell CL, Marais AS, Seedat S, Parry CD, and May PA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Female, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders epidemiology, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, South Africa epidemiology, Young Adult, Alcohol Drinking prevention & control, Case Management, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders prevention & control, Maternal Behavior psychology, Prenatal Care methods
Abstract

In the Western Cape Province of South Africa (ZA) a subculture of binge drinking produces the highest global documented prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). FASD prevention research activities in ZA use the Comprehensive Prevention approach from the United States Institute of Medicine. Case management (CM) was delivered as a method of indicated prevention to empower heavy drinking pregnant women to achieve cessation or a reduction in drinking. CM activities incorporated life management, Motivational Interviewing (MI) techniques and the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA). Data were collected at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months. Mean drinking decreases 6 months into CM; but overall alcohol consumption rose significantly over time to levels higher than baseline at 12 and 18 months. Alcohol consumption drops significantly from before pregnancy to the second and third trimesters. AUDIT scores indicate that problematic drinking decreases significantly even after the vulnerable fetus/baby was born. CM significantly increases client happiness, which correlates with reduced weekend drinking. CM was successful for women with high-risk drinking behaviour, and was effective in helping women stop drinking, or drink less, while pregnant, reducing the risk of FASD.

Published
2015
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