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Background: Dementia is a clinical syndrome with loss of cognitive function, thinking, remembering and reasoning. It also affects the behavioral abilities to such an extent that interfere one’s daily life and activities. Alzheimer’s disease is known as the most common form of dementia frequently affecting people with 65 years or more. Abnormal glycemic status carries a significant role for developing dementia in elderly individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the glycemic status of diabetic population suffering from dementia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIRDEM General Hospital from July 2018 to June 2019. According to inclusion criteria, after taking informed written consent from 222 respondents and their caregivers, a structured questionnaire (Addenbroke’s Cognitive Examination-ACE-III) was filled up for each subject to predict their ACE-III score. According to ACE-III score, the total study population were divided into two groups, as Group I- DM with Dementia (ACE-III score d” 70) and Group II- DM without Dementia (ACE-III score >70). Relevant biochemical parameters such as fasting and 2-hours after breakfast blood sugar and HbA1c level were measured by appropriate method. Statistical analysis was done with the help of SPSS software. Results: In this study, the differences between glycemic parameters (FBS 7.34± 1.86 mmol/L vs 6.52± 1.25 mmol/L, p

Background: Worldwide diabetes mellitus (DM) has been recognized as the most prevalent endocrine disorder. Excess iron has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Iron is a transitional metal and a potential catalyst in cellular reaction that produces reactive oxygen species. Free iron causes the assembly of reactive oxygen species that invariably steer the body’s homeostasis towards oxidative stress-mediated diabetic complications. On the other hand, ferritin is an index of body iron stores and acts as an iron overload marker. Elevated iron indices are more common in patients with diabetes. Excess iron may have a role in the development of diabetes and subsequently in glycemic control. In this context, this study was aimed to assess the pattern of plasma iron profile in type 2 DM patients and compare with healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 284 subjects attending the outpatient department of Endocrinology of Bangladesh Diabetic Network Ltd. (BDN) from January 2021 to June 2021. This study was done to evaluate the serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin of 284 subjects divided into two groups (I and II) of 182 Type 2 DM patients constituted Group I and Group II consisted of 182 healthy individuals (controls). Results: Mean serum free iron concentration in Group I and Group II were 14.24± 6.7 and 11.29±4.1 ìmol/ l respectively. Mean TIBC in Group I and Group II were 54.19 ±9.8 and 64.08±7.5 ìmol/l respectively. However, mean serum ferritin concentration were 169.50±15.1and 121.29±11.9 mg/ml respectively. The difference between serum iron, TIBC and ferritin between Group I and Group II were highly significant with the p values 0.003, 0.016 and 0.042 respectively. In Group I, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose levels both increased. However In this investigation, HbA1c levels were found to have a substantial relationship with serum iron levels and TIBC. However, there was no significant link between serum ferritin and HbA1c. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study suggests that serum iron and serum ferritin were increased and TIBC was decreased in T2DM patients as compared to healthy control. In patients with T2DM, there was a potentiated disparity in the readings. The findings suggest that these micronutrient levels can be employed as biomarkers for T2DM patients. BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(2): 124-128

Tenderness is a key meat quality trait that determines the public acceptance of lamb consumption, so genetic improvement toward lamb with higher tenderness is pivotal for a sustainable sheep industry. However, unravelling the genomics controlling the tenderness is the first step. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the transcriptome signatures and polymorphisms related to divergent lamb tenderness using RNA deep sequencing. Since the molecules and enzymes that control muscle growth and tenderness are metabolized and synthesized in the liver, hepatic tissues of ten sheep with divergent phenotypes: five high- and five low-lamb tenderness samples were applied for deep sequencing. Sequence analysis identified the number of reads ranged from 21.37 to 25.37 million bases with a mean value of 22.90 million bases. In total, 328 genes are detected as differentially expressed (DEGs) including 110 and 218 genes that were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Pathway analysis showed steroid hormone biosynthesis as the dominant pathway behind the lamb tenderness. Gene expression analysis identified the top high (such as TP53INP1, CYP2E1, HSD17B13, ADH1C, and LPIN1) and low (such as ANGPTL2, IGFBP7, FABP5, OLFML3, and THOC5) expressed candidate genes. Polymorphism and association analysis revealed that mutation in OLFML3, ANGPTL2, and THOC5 genes could be potential candidate markers for tenderness in sheep. The genes and pathways identified in this study cause variation in tenderness, thus could be potential genetic markers to improve meat quality in sheep. However, further validation is needed to confirm the effect of these markers in different sheep populations so that these could be used in a selection program for lamb with high tenderness.

Background Although media reporting has influence on suicide there has no report in Thailand regarding the quality of media in reporting suicidal news. Objectives This study aimed to assess the quality of English language media reports of suicidal behaviors in Thailand against the World Health Organization (WHO) media guidelines. Methods We scrutinized the suicide news contents of four purposively selected English language newspapers in Thailand. Using Google search function of the online newspapers, the keywords of “suicide”, “hanging self”, and “drink poison” were used to search the suicide-related news contents. Results The vast majority of English newspapers in Thailand reported harmful information in reporting suicide-related news. Almost all reported locations where the suicide took place, methods of suicide, gender and age of the victim. Approximately one-fourth also showed a picture of the person who died by suicide. Conclusions The English online newspaper in Thailand did not follow the WHO media guidelines in reporting suicide news. Harmful information to the readers was presented in both title and content of the news. Meanwhile, potentially helpful information such as who to contact or where to seek help had been rarely reported.

Background Epidemiological aspect of suicidal behaviors is an under-researched matter in Bangladesh. Objectives It was aimed to see the characteristics, methods and precipitating events of suicidal behaviors by analyzing the contents of national daily newspapers of Bangladesh. Methods We analyzed the published contents of six daily newspapers that were collected and hand-searched between 01 November 2018 and 31 October 2019. A total of 403 articles were collected and subsequently analyzed. Results The mean age of suicide victims reported in these newspapers was 25.81 ± 11.62 years (Range: 8–80 years). More than fifty percent of the reported cases were less than 30 years of age, 55.6 % were female, 33.25 % were students, and 48.4 % were married. Hanging was found as the commonest method (76 %) and marital discords (14.89 %), familial discords (9.68 %), sexual issues (9.18 %), affair related issues (5.71 %), were found as the mentionable precipitating events. Year-round tracing of suicides based on the reports revealed peaks in April and November. Conclusion The study showed adults less than thirty years, females, and students are exhibiting more suicidal behaviors. Hanging was the most commonly used method and the majority of the precipitating events were within the family.

Studies have been coming out exploring different aspects of parenting and how the child has been shaped by parenting. Parenting is the emotional tone between parent and child. It is usually conceptualized by two dimensions, namely demandingness and responsiveness. Based on these dimensions, parenting has been conceptualized in four types mentioned as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful. Parenting has immediate as well as enduring effects on a child’s behavioral, emotional, personal, and cognitive development. However, parenting is deeply influenced by the culture which decides the limits of behavior that to be controlled and praised. This narrative review was aimed to discuss the dimensions, types, effect of parenting style on the child’s development, and cultural variation of it.

BackgroundEstimates of depression in suicidal behavior in South Asia would help to formulate suicide prevention strategies in the region that hasn't been assessed yet.ObjectivesWe aimed to systematically assess the prevalence of depression in fatal and non-fatal attempts of suicide in eight South Asian countries.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO by specific search terms to identify articles assessing depression in fatal and non-fatal attempts of suicide in South Asian countries published between 2001 and 2020. Two separate meta-analyses were conducted for fatal and non-fatal attempts. Due to the high heterogeneity of studies (96–98%), random-effects models were used to calculate pooled prevalence rates.ResultsA total of 38 studies was identified from five south Asian countries (India [27], Pakistan [6], Sri Lanka [3], Nepal [1], and Bangladesh [1]). The majority of studies (n = 27) were published after 2010. Twenty-two studies reported non-fatal attempts, and sixteen reported suicide. The prevalence of depression among non-fatal attempts ranged from 14% to 78% where the pooled prevalence rate was 32.7% [95% CI 26–39.3%]. The prevalence of depression among suicides ranged from 8% to 79% where the pooled prevalence estimate was 37.3% [95% CI 26.9–47.6%].ConclusionsThis review revealed the pooled prevalence of depression among fatal and non-fatal suicidal attempts in South Asian countries, which seems to be lower when comparedto the Western countries. However, a cautious interpretation is warranted due to the heterogeneity of study methods, sample size, and measurement of depression.

Background Epidemiology of suicide has been found as an under-attended research focus in Bangladesh. Objectives It was aimed to see demography, methods and precipitating events of suicidal attempts that were published in Bangla online news portals. Methods We searched and scrutinized published news contents of four Bangla online news portals reporting the suicidal news between 01 November 2018 and 31 October 2019. A total of 199 articles were collected and subsequently analyzed. Results The mean age of suicide attempters reported in the news portals was 26.86 (±13.60) years, ranging from 9 to 75 years. More than 60 % of the reported cases were less than 30 years of age, 53 % were female, 32.16 % were students, and 52.3 % were unmarried. Hanging was found as the commonest method (60 %) and affair related issues (17.59 %), marital discords (13.57 %), familial discords (10.55 %), were found as the mentionable precipitating events. About 83 % of the suicides happened at the home of the person, multiple persons were involved in the suicidal acts in about 8% of the respondents, 91 % were completed suicides, and 4% suicide reports were associated with homicides. Conclusion The study showed adults less than thirty years, females, and students are exhibiting more suicidal behaviors. Hanging was the most commonly used method and the majority of the precipitating events were within the family.

Background: Serum albumin level is very important during the pregnancy for the good outcome of delivery. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the association of serum albumin level in predicting of preeclampsia among the pregnant women. Methodology: This descriptive cohort study was conducted in the OPD of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2014 for a period of two (2) years. This study was carried on pregnant woman attending in outdoor department of Gynaecology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh before 20 weeks of pregnancy who were healthy normotensive primigravidae with singleton pregnancy. Healthy normotensive primigravidae with singleton pregnancy were enrolled in this study before 20th weeks and were followed up after 28th weeks of pregnancy. The data of serum albumin in gm/dL before 20th weeks and after 28th weeks of pregnancy were collected. Result: A total number of 75 pregnant women were finally included in this study. PE was identified in 12(16%) women out of 75 patients on the basis of one or more following parameters. Mean serum albumin in 1st visit was 3.84±0.41 gm/dL. No association was found between development of preeclampsia and levels of serum albumin in early trimester of pregnancy (p=0.960). Conclusion: In conclusion serum albumin level is not a predictor of development of preeclampsia among the pregnant women in early stage. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(2):83-86

Fatty acids (FA) in ruminants, especially unsaturated FA (USFA) have important impact in meat quality, nutritional value, and flavour quality of meat, and on consumer’s health. Identification of the genetic factors controlling the FA composition and metabolism is pivotal to select sheep that produce higher USFA and lower saturated (SFA) for the benefit of sheep industry and consumers. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the transcriptome profiling in the liver tissues collected from sheep with divergent USFA content in longissimus muscle using RNA deep-sequencing. From sheep (n = 100) population, liver tissues with higher (n = 3) and lower (n = 3) USFA content were analysed using Illumina HiSeq 2500. The total number of reads produced for each liver sample were ranged from 21.28 to 28.51 million with a median of 23.90 million. Approximately, 198 genes were differentially regulated with significance level of p-adjusted value 1.5) in the higher USFA group. A large proportion of key genes involved in FA biosynthesis, adipogenesis, fat deposition, and lipid metabolism were identified, such as APOA5, SLC25A30, GFPT1, LEPR, TGFBR2, FABP7, GSTCD, and CYP17A. Pathway analysis revealed that glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis- keratan sulfate, adipokine signaling, galactose metabolism, endocrine and other factors-regulating calcium metabolism, mineral metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway were playing important regulatory roles in FA metabolism. Importantly, polymorphism and association analyses showed that mutation in APOA5, CFHR5, TGFBR2 and LEPR genes could be potential markers for the FA composition in sheep. These polymorphisms and transcriptome networks controlling the FA variation could be used as genetic markers for FA composition-related traits improvement. However, functional validation is required to confirm the effect of these SNPs in other sheep population in order to incorporate them in the sheep breeding program.

The economic and social devastation wrought by the COVID-19 crisiscoupled with the unavailability of traditional coping resources is a "perfect storm" for suicide. Evidence suggests that its impact may be disproportionately high in low-and-middle-income countries. The study aimed to assess and compare nature and correlates of suicidesfrom news reportsduring the immediate pre-lockdown and lockdown phase of COVID-19 in Bangladesh and India. We performed analysis of suicide reports from purposively selected online vernacular and English newspapers of Bangladesh and two states/union territory in India, between January to June 2020. We divided the time period of observation into two phases: pre-lockdown and lockdown phase. Country wise findings between the two phases were compared in terms of demographic and characteristics of the reported suicide. A total of 769 news reports wereanalysed; 141 from Bangladesh and 628 from India. When compared to the pre-lockdown period, the odds of suicide by hanging was significantly higher during lockdownin India (adjusted Odds Ratios [aOR] = 3.8, p = 0.018) and Bangladesh (aOR = 3.1, p = 0.048). Suicide demographics in India were different from Bangladesh during lockdown; more males died by suicide in India (aOR = 2.7, p = 0.023) and more people died by hanging (aOR = 2.6, p = 0.029). The pandemic restrictions impacted suicide demographics in the studied regions of India and Bangladesh. Further research using population-based time-series data are warranted to investigate the issue.

Background Suicide is a major, however under attended public health problem in Bangladesh. There is dearth of research regarding how newspapers communicate it to the mass population. Objectives We assessed the quality of online newspapers reporting of suicidal behaviors in Bangladesh against World Health Organization suicide reporting guidelines. Methods We searched and scrutinized published contents of 8 Bangla online news portals against the World Health Organization suicide reporting guidelines retrospectively. Results About 85% of the reports were connected to suicide, 93% reported single suicide, single person was involved in 82.50% of reports, and associated homicide was found in 7.50% of reports. About 96% of reports mentioned the name of the victims, 97% mentioned occupation, 96% mentioned method of suicide, 69% mentioned life events, and 64% reported certain mono-causality. Suicide in headline was found in about 94% of reports, 19% mentioned method in headline and 32% reported life events in headline. About 14% reports posted images of victims and no article provided any potentially helpful reporting practices. Conclusion Media reports of suicidal behavior in Bangladesh in online portal were found to be poor quality when assessed against WHO suicide reporting guidelines. Details of victims, methods, life events and mono-causal explanations were being mentioned regularly. Substantial lacking has been noticed in approaches of educating the population and introducing preventive measures in the reports.

not available GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 38 (2018) 119-125

Mutton consumption is less popular in many Asian countries including Indonesia, whose consumers often complain about the unpleasant flavour and odour of the meat. The main causes of mutton odour are the two compounds of branched chain fatty acid (BCFA): methylnonanoic (MNA), phenol, 3-methyl (MP), 4-methylnonanoic (MNA) and 4-ethyloctanoic (EOA) present in all the adipose tissue; and the 3-methylindole (MI) or skatole and indole, which are originated from pastoral diets. It is crucial to understand the genetic mechanism of mutton odour and flavour (MOF) to select sheep for lower BCFA and indole thus reduce the unpleasant flavour of meat. The aim of the present study was to investigate transcriptome profiling in liver tissue with divergent MOF using RNA deep sequencing. Liver tissues from higher (n = 3) and lower (n = 3) MOF sheep were analysed using Illumina HiSeq 2500. The total number of reads produced for each liver sample ranged from 21.37 to 25.37 million. Approximately 103 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) with significance level of p-adjusted value0.05. Among them, 60 genes were up-regulated, and 43 were down-regulated (p 0.01, FC 1.5) in higher MOF group. Differentially regulated genes in high MOF liver samples were enriched in biological processes such as cellular response to chemical stimulus and endogenous stimulus; cellular components such as such as basement membrane and extracellular matrix; and molecular functions such as haeme binding and oxidoreductase activity. Among the DEGs, metabolic phase I related genes belonging to the cytochrome P450 CYP2A6 were dominantly expressed. Additionally, phase II conjugation genes including UDP glucuronosyltransferases UGT2B18, sulfotransferase SULT1C1, and glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 were identified. The dominant candidate genes for SOF could be cytochrome P450, sodium-channel protein, transmembrane protein, glutathione transferase, UDP glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferase. Pathway analysis identified steroid hormone biosynthesis and chemical carcinogenesis by cytochrome P450 pathways which may play important roles in MOF-related molecules metabolism. This work highlighted potential genes and gene-networks that may affect meat off flavour and odour in sheep.

Background Suicide is an under attended public health problem in Bangladesh as there is no central suicide database and no national suicide surveillance system in the country. Objectives We aimed to look into the suicide metrics in Bangladesh by analyzing the online news portals, retrospectively. Methods Eight Bangla online news portals were selected purposively to include in the study and news of suicides were searched retrospectively. Search was conducted by the word “suicide news” (Attohottar Khabor). Initially news portal were searched with the searching word retrospectively. Then links of all news were collected. After removal of the repetitions data were inputted into software. Results Since 2009 to April 2018, three hundred fifty-eight reports were scrutinized. Mean age was 23.84 (±11.42) years, ranging from 10–85 years. Seventy percent of the reported cases were less than 30 years of age, 60.1% were female, 37.7% were student, 48.6% from rural background, and about 51% were unmarried. Hanging was found as the commonest method (60.9%) and affair related issues remained as a noticeable risk factor (14.25%). About 8% of the respondents were found to have suicide notes and suicides were found higher in night & spring. Conclusion Early adult, female gender, unmarried, students were more vulnerable. Hanging was commonest method followed by poisoning. Affair related aspects, marital discord, familial disharmony drew attention as risk factors. Suicide happened higher in the night and spring season.

Background and Objective: The stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene encodes an enzyme involved in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association and expression of SCD as a candidate gene for FA composition in Indonesian crossbred chickens. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two Indonesian crossbred, unsexed chickens (F2 Kampung×broilers) were used. FA composition was measured at 12 weeks of age from thigh meat of crossbred chicken. Results: A single nucleotide polymorphism in coding region c.17492542 C>G of SCD was associated with FA composition, including both unsaturated [linoleic (C18:2n6c) and eicosadienoic (C20:2) acids] and saturated [lauric acid (C12:0)] forms. SCD mRNA expression analysis in liver revealed 6 chickens with extremely high and low FA compositions, of them, high FA birds (n = 3) had higher unsaturated and lower saturated FAs, while the low FA group (n = 3) had lower unsaturated and higher saturated FA levels. SCD expression was higher (p

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders with microvascular and macrovascular complications which are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Anti-diabetic drugs are available in modern medicine, but prolonged use of these drugs may produce some side effects. Garlic due to some of its active components can improve glycemic status.Objective: To observe the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity.Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015. Total 60 type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity subjects of both sexes in the age range 40 to 60 years were included in this study. They were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria from Outpatient Department of Bangladesh Institute of Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM) Hospital, Dhaka. The subjects were divided into two groups by simple random sampling. One was Group A and another was Group B. The subjects (30) of Group A were supplemented only metformin at a dose of 1000 mg per day. The subjects (30) of Group B were supplemented metformin at a dose of 1000 mg and garlic in capsule form at a dose of 500 mg per day. They were studied two times, on day-1 (1st day of metformin treatment, Group A1), on 12 weeks (after 12 weeks of metformin treatment, Group A2). Subjects of Group B were also studied two times on day-1 (before supplementation of garlic, Group B1) and on 12 weeks (after 12 weeks supplementation of garlic and metformin, Group B2). Fasting blood glucose level and postprandial blood glucose level of all subjects were measured by glucose oxidiase method. Blood HbA1c level of all participants was measured by immunoassay method. The statistical analysis was done by using paired and unpaired sample‘t’ test.Results: In this study, the mean FBG and PPBG levels decreased nonsignificantly (p>0.05) after 12 weeks treatment of metformin in comparison to 1st day of metformin treatment. Again, the mean FBG and PPBG levels decreased significantly after 12 weeks supplementation of metformin and garlic compared to before supplementation of garlic (p0.05) after 12 weeks treatment of metformin and metformin and garlic supplementation compared to 1st day of metformin treatment and before supplementation of garlic.Conclusion: The present study reveals that garlic (Allium sativum) has significant effect on improvement of glycemic status.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(3): 151-155

Treatment of dyeing wastewater containing reactive Brilliant Orange H2R and Brilliant Red M5B dyes were investigated by using electrocoagulation process. The experimental results were analysed in terms of percent removal of dye with time. Electrocoagulation of dye containing wastewater was carried out in a two-electrode monopolar electrocoagulation cell using iron as sacrificial anode and 0.01 M NaCl as internal electrolyte in which the electrolyte concentration was maintained constant during the experiment. In electrocoagulation the effects of concentration of dye and applied current strength on dye removal efficiency were tested and found that both have significant effects on the electrocoagulation of dye from wastewater. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(2): 153-156, 2016 (July)

Quality education is crucial component of human capital, which has emerged large in the theories explaining economic growth, in particular, and the development discourse, in general. However, in the new era of business today business studies are prime choices of most of the students, and accordingly, this study focuses merely on the quality of business education. This study compares public and private universities in terms of their efficacy in offering business education focusing on five major factors, namely developing business professionalism, updated curriculum, practical orientation, creating entrepreneurial ability and mindset, employability of business graduates. Data used in this study is primary as well as secondary. Primary data have collected from 600 respondents – 300 from each category of universities. Different statistical tools, such as Chi-square test and two sample t-test, have been applied for analysing the data. Findings reveal that private universities slightly better perform in terms of developing business professionalism, updated curriculum, and creating entrepreneurial mindset. However, what most importantly matter are practical orientation and employability, in which public universities are more prompt compared to their private counterpart.

Background: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lipid lowering drugs are available in modern medicine but prolong use of these drugs may produce some side effects. Peanut due to some of its active component can improve lipid profile.Objective: To observe the effects of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on dyslipidemia in young adults.Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka between 1st July 2013 and 30th June 2014. For this purpose 30 dyslipidemic young adults of both sexes with aged 30 to 40 years were included in this study and they were selected from Out Patient Department of Medicine of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. They were studied three times i,e before supplementation with peanut (BSP), after 4 weeks supplementation with peanut (4 wks AP) and after 8 weeks supplementation with peanut (8 wks AP). For assessing lipid profile TAG, LDL-C, TC and HDL-C of all subjects were estimated by enzymatic method. The statistical analysis was done by using paired sample‘t’ test as applicable.Results: In this study, the mean serum TAG, LDL-C and TC levels were significantly decreased after 8 weeks supplementation with peanut in comparison to those of after 4 weeks and before supplementation with peanut. However, these levels were also decreased after 4 weeks supplementation than those of before supplementation but it was significant only for TC (p

Miraculous birth: Standing at just 3’5"(104.14cm) tall, 28 years old proportionate dwarf lady weighing 20 kg was succeeded in giving birth to a girl at 36+ weeks of pregnancy by cesarean section in June, 2013 making her the smallest woman ever reported to give birth to apparently healthy looking, and average-sized female baby in Bangladesh. Detailed clinical examination of the neonate performed by the neonatologist revealed no obvious external congenital anomalies and infantogram after 6 weeks also revealed normal study.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4(2): 72-75, 2013 (July)

4-(2,5-Dibromoimidazolyl)-2?-aminopyridyl form complex with Na2PdCl4 in methanol. 1 mmol% of the complex was utilized in Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction to prepare substituted biphenyls and terphenyls in good to excellent yields. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v25i1.11779 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 25(1), 87-96, 2012

We prove that $D_*$, the set of all parameters $\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}$ for which the cubic polynomial $f_\lambda$ is parabolic and has no other parabolic or finite attracting periodic cycles, contains a deleted neighborhood $D_0$ of the origin 0. Our main result is that if $D_0$ is sufficiently small then the function $D_0\ni\lambda\mapsto\operatorname{HD}(J(f_\lambda))\in\mathbb{R}$ is real-analytic. This function ascribes to the polynomial $f_\lambda$ the Hausdorff dimension of its Julia set $J(f_\lambda)$. The theory of parabolic and hyperbolic graph directed Markov systems with infinite number of edges is used in the proofs.

It has long been hypothesized that abnormalities in lipid biology contribute to degenerative brain diseases. Consistent with this, emerging epidemiologic evidence links lipid alterations with Parkinson disease (PD), and disruption of lipid metabolism has been found to predispose to α-synuclein toxicity. We therefore investigated whether Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase found to be defective in patients with early onset PD, regulates systemic lipid metabolism. We perturbed lipid levels by exposing Parkin+/+ and Parkin-/- mice to a high-fat and -cholesterol diet (HFD). Parkin-/- mice resisted weight gain, steatohepatitis, and insulin resistance. In wild-type mice, the HFD markedly increased hepatic Parkin levels in parallel with lipid transport proteins, including CD36, Sr-B1, and FABP. These lipid transport proteins were not induced in Parkin-/- mice. The role of Parkin in fat uptake was confirmed by increased oleate accumulation in hepatocytes overexpressing Parkin and decreased uptake in Parkin-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts and patient cells harboring complex heterozygous mutations in the Parkin-encoding gene PARK2. Parkin conferred this effect, in part, via ubiquitin-mediated stabilization of the lipid transporter CD36. Reconstitution of Parkin restored hepatic fat uptake and CD36 levels in Parkin-/- mice, and Parkin augmented fat accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. These results demonstrate that Parkin is regulated in a lipid-dependent manner and modulates systemic fat uptake via ubiquitin ligase-dependent effects. Whether this metabolic regulation contributes to premature Parkinsonism warrants investigation.

Perilipin is a protein localized on lipid droplet surfaces in adipocytes and steroidogenic cells, playing a central role in regulated lipolysis. Expression of the perilipin gene is markedly induced during adipogenesis. We found that transcription from the perilipin gene promoter is activated by an orphan nuclear receptor, estrogen receptor-related receptor (ERR)alpha. A response element to this receptor was identified in the promoter region by a gene reporter assay, the electrophoretic-gel mobility-shift assay and the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha enhanced, whereas small heterodimer partner (SHP) repressed, the transactivating function of ERRalpha on the promoter. Thus, the perilipin gene expression is regulated by a transcriptional network controlling energy metabolism, substantiating the functional importance of perilipin in the maintenance of body energy balance.

Estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) are orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. A single AGGTCA sequence element preceded by three conserved nucleotides has been identified as a specific recognition motif of ERRs. Here we performed systematic analyses of target sequences on all three ERR subtypes, alpha, beta and gamma. In electrophoretic gel-mobility shift assay and transcriptional reporter assays, they exhibited similar patterns of recognition specificities, showing extremely broad ranges of target sequences. We searched a mouse promoter database for a gene carrying possible ERR-binding sequences. The Rb-1 inducible coiled-coil 1 (Rb1cc1) gene was found to contain two putative ERR binding elements, named response element (RE)-1 and RE-2, in the promoter region. In gene reporter assays, RE-2, but not RE-1, functioned as an effective cis-regulatory element for transactivation by ERRalpha in the presence of a coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha. Mutational analyses suggested that RE-2 is recognized by ERRalpha partly as a monovalent element, but also as a direct repeat motif separated by four spacer nucleotides. In vivo binding of ERRalpha to the Rb1cc1 promoter region was confirmed by the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Thus, Rb1cc1 is a target gene of ERRalpha, driven by a novel type of recognition sequence.

Perilipin is an adipocyte-specific protein associated with lipid droplets that is crucial for the regulation of storage and mobilization of lipids. We earlier reported that the mouse perilipin gene is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma through a peroxisome proliferator-response element (PPRE) positioned upstream of the perilipin promoter. Moreover, we showed that this PPRE also controls expression of the PEX11alpha gene, which is located further upstream. We show here that three elements, A, B, and C, in close proximity downstream of the PPRE, are essential for transactivation of the perilipin gene by PPARgamma. Electrophoretic gel-mobility shift assays demonstrated that nuclear factor (NF)-1 subtypes bind specifically to element B. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation using 3T3-L1 cells revealed that NF-1A and NF-1B bind to element B in a differentiation-dependent fashion, whereas binding is constitutive with NF-1C and NF-1X. Element C is likely to be a binding motif for nuclear receptors. With PPARalpha, elements A-C do not appear to be required for transactivation of the PEX11alpha gene, so that cooperation with other transcription factors may be differentially involved in selective transactivation of the PEX11alpha and perilipin genes by different PPAR subtypes.

Many mammalian genes are clustered on the genomes, and hence the genes in the same cluster can be regulated through a common regulatory element. We indeed showed previously that the perilipin/PEX11αgene pair is transactivated tissue-selectively by PPARγand PPARα, respectively, through a common binding site. In the present study, we identified a gene, named GSPA, neighboring a canonical PPAR target, acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) gene. GSPA expression was induced by a peroxisome proliferator, Wy14,643, in the liver of wild-type mice, but not PPARα-null mice. GSPA and AOX share the promoter and two peroxisome proliferator-response elements. GSPA mRNA was also found in the heart and skeletal muscle, as well as 3T3-L1 cells. GSPA encodes a protein of 161 amino acids that is enriched in 3T3-L1 cells. Even other gene pairs might be regulated through common sequence elements, and conversely it would be interesting how each gene is aptly regulated in clusters.

Transabdominal sonography (TAS) and Transvaginal sonography (TVS) were compared for follicular monitoring in 62 patients of infertility. These patients were referred for follicular monitoring in normal and stimulated cycles from infertility clinic. Patients' compliance and acceptance was excellent for TVS technique as compared to TAS technique. The overall resolution of ovarian and follicular anatomy was much better in TVS. With TAS only 25.5% had good visualization of follicles as compared to 84.8% (p