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Objective(s): Logbook is an important tool for learning, monitoring and evaluating students' periodic activities during their internship. According to the revised curriculum of the master's degree in health education and health promotion, the present study was conducted with the aim of development an educational logbook. According to the revision of the curriculum of the master's degree in health education and health promotion, the present study was conducted to design an educational logbook for the internship course of the master's degree in health education and health promotion. Methods: This developmental study was conducted using the Delphi technique from 2018 to 2022 in the form of 10 face-to-face and 3 virtual meetings. In this research, the participation of specialized board members, heads of department, faculty members and students of medical sciences universities of the country was used with the convenience sampling method. At first, the chapters of internships were extracted according to the curriculum of the master's degree in health education and health promotion and analyzed based on Bloom's classification in three cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral domains, and then the intended activities were designed. Results: In this research, 39 activities in the 5 fields (according to the approved curriculum) were compiled as activities needed by students in the form of a log book. 11 activities were determined for comprehensive health service centers, 10 activities for media, 7 activities for workplaces, 7 activities for community and 4 activities in the areas of needs assessment, development, implementation and evaluation. Conclusion: According to the designed log book, it is expected the end of internship, the students will learn the different stages of an educational intervention, including needs assessment; Practice design, implementation or evaluation according to any internship environment or field and improve their abilities.

Introduction: The development of bioactive wound dressings with high healing efficacy is one of the most important domains in interdisciplinary fields. The objective of the present study was to fabricate and characterize a nanofibrous wound dressing containing gentamicin-conjugated nanoclay. Material & Methods: First, the interaction between the structure of nanoclays and gentamicin was evaluated based on computer simulation methods and using Gaussian software. Then, the purified nanoclays were conjugated with gentamicin, and the properties of the resulting nanoparticles were analyzed. The synthesized nanocomplex was integrated into the nanofiber structure using the electrospinning method, and the nanofiber wound covering was identified. Finally, the biological properties of nanofiber wound dressing were investigated. Results: Numerical studies indicated that there were negatively charged oxygen groups on both sides of the nanoclay plates, which could make stable interactions with the positively charged nitrogen in gentamicin, and the drug was well-loaded between pages. The characterization results demonstrated that nanofiber wound dressings had acceptable characteristics in terms of morphology, diameter, wettability, mechanical properties, swelling, and bacterial penetration barrier. These functions provide a suitable environment for wound healing. The addition of gentamicin led to beneficial biological properties for prepared wound dressings, and these nanofibers had acceptable hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Discussion & Conclusion: The findings of the present research can be a fundamental step for using the combination of kaolin/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers containing gentamicin in various fields of pharmaceutical bioengineering, including the production of wound dressings.

We discuss the design and implementation details of two conforming virtual element methods for the numerical approximation of two partial differential equations that emerge in phase-field modeling of fracture propagation in elastic material. The two partial differential equations are: (i) a linear hyperbolic equation describing the momentum balance and (ii) a fourth-order elliptic equation modeling the damage of the material. Inspired by [1,2,3], we develop a new conforming VEM for the discretization of the two equations, which is implementation-friendly, i.e., different terms can be implemented by exploiting a single projection operator. We use $ C^0 $ and $ C^1 $ virtual elements for the second-and fourth-order partial differential equation, respectively. For both equations, we review the formulation of the virtual element approximation and discuss the details pertaining the implementation.

Abstract Background Identifying healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) communication skills is crucial to improving patient outcomes. Iranian HCPs’ interpersonal communication skills (ICS) were validated using a culturally appropriate and indigenous scale. Materials and methods In November and December 2021, convenience sampling was used to collect data from 170 HCPs. Seven factors were covered by the questionnaire, which consisted of 30 items. In order to validate the scale, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed. Various indices were used during the CFA, including Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). The Fornell-Larcker Criterion was used to assess discriminant validity. We analyzed the data in Lisrel 8.8 and SmartPLS 3.2.8. Results According to the Q2-index obtained from the blindfold test, the model had 44% predictive power. First-order CFA results showed acceptable indices (χ2 = 767.17; DF = 375; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.82; AGFI = 0.80; NFI = 0.97; SRMR = 0.22; RMSEA = 0.068). Furthermore, the second-order measurement model demonstrated adequate and desirable fit indices (χ2 = 797.24; DF = 381; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.82; AGFI = 0.78; NFI = 0.97; SRMR = 0.059; RMSEA = 0.068). General and listening skills were ranked highest in the importance-performance map analysis (IPMA). Conclusion HCPs could benefit from this scale as it can assist them in developing ICS. It is recommended that skills training programs be replicated among different populations to evaluate their effectiveness.

Longitudinal bone growth is mediated through several mechanisms including macro- and micronutrients, and endocrine and paracrine hormones. These mechanisms can be affected by childhood obesity as excess adiposity may affect signaling pathways, place undue stress on the body, and affect normal physiology. This review describes the physiology of the epiphyseal growth plate, its regulation under healthy weight and obesity parameters, and bone pathology following obesity. A literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, PMC, NIH, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews pertinent to hormonal and nutritional effects on bone development, child obesity, and pathologic bone development related to weight. The review indicates a complex network of nutrients, hormones, and multi-system interactions mediates long bone growth. As growth of long bones occurs during childhood and the pubertal growth spurt, pediatric bones require adequate levels of minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and a base caloric supply for energy. Recommendations should focus on a nutrient-dense dietary approach rather than restrictive caloric diets to maintain optimal health. In conclusion, childhood obesity has profound multifaceted effects on the developing musculoskeletal system, ultimately causing poor nutritional status during development. Weight loss, under medical supervision, with proper nutritional guidelines, can help counteract the ill effects of childhood obesity.

Abstract Microglial activation during neuroinflammation is crucial for coordinating the immune response against neuronal tissue, and the initial response of microglia determines the severity of neuro-inflammatory diseases. The CD83 molecule has been recently shown to modulate the activation status of dendritic cells and macrophages. Although the expression of CD83 is associated with early microglia activation in various disease settings, its functional relevance for microglial biology has been elusive. Here, we describe a thorough assessment of CD83 regulation in microglia and show that CD83 expression in murine microglia is not only associated with cellular activation but also with pro-resolving functions. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we reveal that conditional deletion of CD83 results in an over-activated state during neuroinflammation in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. Subsequently, CD83-deficient microglia recruit more pathogenic immune cells to the central nervous system, deteriorating resolving mechanisms and exacerbating the disease. Thus, CD83 in murine microglia orchestrates cellular activation and, consequently, also the resolution of neuroinflammation.

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, many changes occurred in various cultural, social, and economic fields, leading to the creation of psychological effects, especially anxiety, in the community. Fear and anxiety about emerging diseases (COVID-19) and less participation in preventive behaviors reduce individual resistance and ultimately lower one’s quality of life. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and generalized anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Khuzestan province, Iran.MethodsThis was a descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional) study conducted among participants aged 18–65 in Khuzestan province during the years 2020–2021 through online sampling. Due to the prevalence of COVID-19 and the impossibility of face-to-face communication, the questionnaire was designed on the Porseline Survey website and the questionnaire link was provided to participants through WhatsApp and Telegram. The data collection tool includes the Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire, which includes 33 items, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, which has 7 items based on a Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using STATA14 software and descriptive and analytical statistical tests at a significant level less than 0.05.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) score for health literacy was 52.9 ± 9.3 and for generalized anxiety disorder was 5.2 ± 3.1. A significant negative correlation was found between the mean of anxiety disorder and health literacy (p

Abstract Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has emerged as a promising building block for next-generation ultra-high density storage devices. Although DNA has high durability and extremely high density in nature, its potential as the basis of storage devices is currently hindered by limitations such as expensive and complex fabrication processes and time-consuming read–write operations. In this article, we propose the use of a DNA crossbar array architecture for an electrically readable read-only memory (DNA-ROM). While information can be ‘written’ error-free to a DNA-ROM array using appropriate sequence encodings its read accuracy can be affected by several factors such as array size, interconnect resistance, and Fermi energy deviations from HOMO levels of DNA strands employed in the crossbar. We study the impact of array size and interconnect resistance on the bit error rate of a DNA-ROM array through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We have also analyzed the performance of our proposed DNA crossbar array for an image storage application, as a function of array size and interconnect resistance. While we expect that future advances in bioengineering and materials science will address some of the fabrication challenges associated with DNA crossbar arrays, we believe that the comprehensive body of results we present in this paper establishes the technical viability of DNA crossbar arrays as low power, high-density storage devices. Finally, our analysis of array performance vis-à-vis interconnect resistance should provide valuable insights into aspects of the fabrication process such as proper choice of interconnects necessary for ensuring high read accuracies.

Background: Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure during tonsillectomy in children, and tracheal tube cuff pressure is subjected to fluctuation during this surgery due to changes in the position of the head and neck. Unusual changes in the tracheal cuff pressure can cause damage to the airway mucosa, tracheal mucosa ischemia, tracheal stenosis, and pulmonary aspiration. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate tracheal tube cuff pressure changes and associated factors during tonsillectomy surgery in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 children, 3-8 years of age. In this study, the ideal tracheal tube cuff pressure was designated to be 18 cmH2O and measured at four stages phases: after tracheal intubation, after changing the position of the head and neck, 15 minutes after intubation, and before extubation. The data was analysed using SPSS statistics version 26. Frequency (percentage), and mean (standard deviation), as well as Wilcoxon, Friedman, linear regression, and Wald chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: The means (standard deviations) of the cuff pressure following after intubation, after subsequent to changing the position of the head and neck, 15 minutes after intubation, and prior to before extubation were 26.69 (6.10), 29.07 (8.39), 29.91 (5.77), and 24.12 (4.72), respectively. The baseline cuff pressure had no statistically significant relationship with age, gender, tube size, BMI, and cuff pressure changes at the 15th minute (P>0.05). The two variables of, gender and tube size, but not age and BMI (P>0.05), were significantly correlated with cuff pressure change prior to extubation compared with baseline line cuff pressure (P0.05). Conclusion: Tracheal tube cuff pressure during tonsillectomy in children can increase due to the change of head and neck position, making monitoring of these changes necessary in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

Abstract Background It is necessary to evaluate COVID-19 data on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) to confirm effective protective practice and to reduce risk in society. Hence, the study was carried out to determine KAP towards COVID-19 and the factors associated with knowledge and practices among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study, 357 patients with diabetes in Izeh participated in the study. The sampling method used was convenience sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of demographic information and KAP of patients with T2D in relation to the new coronavirus. The validity and reliability of the research tool was confirmed using the content validity and test–retest. Data analysis was done in Stata.14.2 and Smartpls 3.2.8 using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Results The mean score of participants' KAP towards Covid-19 was 74.22 (16.30), 72.88 (14.87), and 70.51 (19.70), respectively. The lowest and the highest score of the patients' knowledge was in the field of transmission (56.60 (20.96)) and care and prevention of the COVID-19 (88.58 (21.88)), respectively. Residence was the most important factor predicting the practice of diabetic patients with an explanatory coefficient ([SMD 1.08 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.30), P

Abstract Background Several studies on various bariatric surgeries involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showed an overall rate of remission of hyperglycemia. However, there is little known about predictive factors on remission after different types of surgeries. The aim of this study was to identify the T2DM remission rate and to determine the effects of preoperative factors characteristics of remission of type 2 diabetes in Iran. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1351 patients with T2DM operated by three different types of surgeries (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB)). Diabetes remission was defined according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Binary logistic regression analyses were employed. Results A total of 1351 patients, 675 patients (50.0%) undergoing OAGB, 475 (35.2%) RYGB, and 201 (14.9%) SG. 80.6%, 84.2% of OAGB, 81.7%, 82.6% of RYGB, and 77.1%, 81.5% of SG participants were in T2DM remission after 1 and 3 years, respectively. 1- and 3-year remission were associated with preoperative age, duration of T2DM, FBS and HbA1c, BMI, insulin therapy, and a family history of obesity (p

Abstract. Physiotherapists are increasingly using psychological treatments for musculoskeletal conditions. We assessed the effects of physiotherapist-delivered psychological interventions on pain, disability, and quality of life in neck pain. We evaluated quality of intervention reporting. We searched databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising individuals with acute or chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) or nontraumatic neck pain (NTNP), comparing physiotherapist-delivered psychological interventions to standard care or no treatment. Data were extracted regarding study characteristics and outcomes. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated by random-effects meta-analysis. We evaluated certainty of evidence using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) and intervention reporting using TIDieR. Fourteen RCTs (18 articles—4 detail additional outcome/follow-up data) were included comprising 2028 patients, examining acute WAD (n = 4), subacute/mixed NTNP (n = 3), chronic WAD (n = 2), and chronic NTNP (n = 5). Treatment effects on pain favoured psychological interventions in chronic NTNP at short-term (SMD −0.40 [95% CI −0.73, −0.07]), medium-term (SMD −0.29 [95% CI −0.57, 0.00]), and long-term (SMD −0.32 [95% CI −0.60, −0.05]) follow-up. For disability, effects favoured psychological interventions in acute WAD at short-term follow-up (SMD −0.39 [95% CI −0.72, −0.07]) and chronic NTNP at short-term (SMD −0.53 [95% CI −0.91, −0.15]), medium-term (SMD −0.49 [95% CI −0.77, −0.21]), and long-term (SMD −0.60 [95% CI −0.94, −0.26]) follow-up. GRADE ratings were typically moderate, and intervention reporting often lacked provision of trial materials and procedural descriptions. Psychological interventions delivered by physiotherapists were more effective than standard physiotherapy for chronic NTNP (small-to-medium effects) and, in the short term, acute WAD.

Abstract Background This study aims to detect the effects of increased BMI on labor outcomes in primigravida pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study involved 600 full-term singleton primigravida pregnant women who presented in the active phase of labor to the labor ward. They were divided according to BMI into three equals groups; women with normal BMI (group I), overweight women (group II), and women with class I obesity (group III). Results We found that high BMI was associated with a significantly increased risk of Caesarean section (C.S.) (13% in group I, 18% in group II and 40% in group III). Women with higher BMI and delivered vaginally had a significantly prolonged first and second stage of labor, consequently increased the need for oxytocin augmentation as well as the oxytocin dose. Regarding the maternal and fetal outcomes, there are significantly increased risks of postpartum sepsis, perineal tears, wound infection, as well as significantly increased birth weight and longer neonatal stay in the neonatal unit (NNU). Conclusion Obese primigravida pregnant women were at higher risk of suboptimal outcomes. Besides, prolonged first and second stages of labor and the incidence of C.S. have also been increased.

Exchange rate fluctuations can theoretically and practically affect business decisions and performance; Therefore, efforts have been made to cover the number of risks due to exchange rate changes by using different methods of risk management. In this regard, the use of exchange forward contracts can reduce the risk of these companies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to starting a forward currency exchange. The research method was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population of the study are capital market experts. Obstacles were identified using the opinions of 10 experts. Then, using a questionnaire and collecting the opinions of experts and capital market activists, the identified barriers were validated. The software used was maxqda in quality and smartpls in quantity. The results showed that social awareness, capital market, central bank, stability and improvement of market conditions, monetary and fiscal policies, transparency, executive factors, risk control, economic barriers, political barriers and the role of government are effective barriers to the implementation of forward exchange. The ranking of qualitative variables is orderly, first the role of government, second the monetary and fiscal policies and third the central bank. The effect of the studied variables was also significant.

The purpose of this study is the effects of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment of employees on job performance. The statistical population of this research is the employees of the Communication Design Consulting Engineers Company. The statistical sample was determined using Cochran's sampling and placement formula for a limited number of 113 people. To determine the validity of this study, experts in this field, including the supervisor and professors of the management group, were asked about the questionnaire and its questions, which confirmed the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Perceived Organizational Support (0.815), Psychological Empowerment (0.945) and Job Performance (0.903) questionnaire was found to prove an acceptable percentage of reliability. Hypotheses tests showed that perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment have a positive and significant effect on employees' job performance.

Objective: Different and conflicting perspectives on the development of the country including the implementation of the resilient economy, relations with the West, securing the interests of the West, or ending the ties with the West, establishing relations with Arab countries and strengthening or ending the relations with neighboring countries, sanctions, uncertainties in the global prices of oil products, currency rate fluctuations, inflation rates, and etc. have hindered a coherent and strategic decision. It has led to numerous uncertainties in the selection of international strategic partner(s) in the oil industry. Therefore, the present research aims to provide a comprehensive framework to help identify and analyze the uncertainties affecting the selection of strategic partners in the context of the resilient economy in the National Iranian Oil Company. Methodology: In this study, the most important uncertainties of oil projects were identified using thematic analysis technique and interviews with 15 experts. They were then classified according to the context of resilient economy. Finally, factor analysis was used to confirm the proposed classification. Findings: The most important uncertainties of oil projects in the context of resilient economy belonged to the three general categories of uncertainty about the work environment (inflation, environmental safety and health standards, differences in political views and opinions, geological complexities and the number of wells which are need to be drilled, as well as frequent changes in macro-laws and policies), uncertainty about the guiding values (currency rate, global oil price, international issues and sanctions, changing market conditions and customer needs, as well as the lack of access to foreign equipment and machinery), and uncertainty about the options of the related project (insufficient technology or equipment, lack of interaction between the partners, bargaining power of the partners due to the exclusiveness of the technical knowledge, lack of operational experience among the partners, lack of timely completion of the facilities according to the project schedule so that the delay in commissioning of the facility will strongly affect the project economy). Conclusion: After developing the model based on thematic analysis technique, LISREL output showed that the proposed model can provide an acceptable fit because the calculated chi-square value is equal to 1058.77, the ratio of chi-square to degree of freedom is lower than 3 (2.63 in this study), and the average squares of estimation errors is lower than 0.08 (0.012 in this study).

As the comparability of accounting information increases, the probability of discovering accrual-based earnings management increases, and as a result, managers will face a lot of risk in using this earnings management method. Therefore, it is expected that the use of accrualsbased earnings management will be reduced and, conversely, the use of actual earnings management methods will be an alternative to the manipulation of accruals. In the present study, the effect of comparability of accounting information on actual earnings management and accrued earnings management using a sample of 120 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2010 to 2016 and using a multivariate regression model based on Panel data were analysed with the SPSS software. Findings indicate that comparability of accounting information is negatively related to earnings management based on accruals. In other words, by increasing the comparability of accounting information, managers' use of accruals to manage earnings decreases. Comparability of accounting information also has a positive relationship with actual earnings management. In other words, by increasing the comparability of accounting information, managers replace the management of earnings based on accruals with the use of actual earnings management methods.

Abstract Background Endometriosis affects the responsiveness to ovarian stimulation. This study aimed to assess the role of Dienogest pretreatment for endometriosis suppression as compared to Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in patients with endometriosis pursuing IVF treatment. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, 134 women with endometriosis-related infertility were randomly allocated to group A (n = 67) who had monthly depot GnRHa for 3 months before ovarian stimulation in IVF treatment (Ultra-long protocol), and Group B (n = 67) who had daily oral Dienogest 2 mg/d for 3 months before starting standard long protocol for IVF. The primary outcome measure was the number of oocytes retrieved. The secondary outcome measures included the number of mature oocytes, fertilization rate, quality of life assessed by FertiQoL scores, cost of treatment, and pregnancy outcomes. Results Although there was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding ovarian stimulation, response parameters, and pregnancy outcomes, the Dienogest group had a lower cost of treatment (2773 vs. 3664 EGP, P

Abstract Background Due to the need for informatics competencies in the field of nursing, the present study was conducted to design a psychometric instrument to determine the qualification of informatics competencies of employed nurses in educational care centers. Methods The questionnaire was made by reviewing existing scientific resources and assessment tools. Two hundred nurses were selected using simple random sampling. Structural equation modeling was used using the measurement model technique and the average variance was calculated. Linear structural relations (LISREL) software was used to test the assumptions and correlations of the model. Results Findings showed relatively good estimation in the fit of first-order measurement model. The informatics knowledge subscale with a determining rate of 0.90 had the greatest explanatory effect among the subscales and informatics skill with a determining rate of 0.67 and basic computer skill with a determining rate of 0.60 were observed. The second-order measurement model of fitness indicators showed that the three factors can well explain the multidimensional construct of informatics competency. Conclusions The designed tool can be used to develop educational strategies in relation to nursing students in the field of informatics and prepare them in the rich environment of information technology, which can be helpful in training nursing instructors.

Objective (s): Diabetes and its chronic complications is one of the major public health issues worldwide. The present study aimed to use photovoice in pre-diabetic people to design health promoting lifestyle educational content. :. Methods: This community-based participatory research was performed on 40 pre-diabetic participants in Hoveizeh health centers, Khozestan Province, Iran in 2018. Photovoice was used to better understand pre-diabetic adults about their experiences. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. All data were recorded and analyzed through content analysis based on narratives. Results: Data analysis revealed four main themes including daily living needs, neglect of the disease, education and provision of health care, lack of support to adapt physical environment. Conclusion: In designing educational content, it is necessary to place more emphasis on the four main themes extracted from the experiences of pre-diabetic people in order to provide more comprehensive services by health care personnel.

The aim of the present work was to largely identify the scale insects and fungi living on mango leaves in order to find out from their biology whether there is a possible relationship between the two groups of organisms so that specific recommendations for their control can be made. A white hard scale insect Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Diaspididae) and a green soft scale insect Kilifia acuminata Signoret (Coccidae) as well as four saprotrophic fungi belonging to the genera Alternaria Nees: Fr., Cladosporium Link., Helminthosporium Link ex Fr. and Stemphylium Wallr., were detected based on their morphological features in accordance with the identification keys and descriptions of scale insects and fungi. The infestation of mango leaves with the saprotrophic fungi was interpreted as a secondary infection due to the primary infection with the scale insects as honeydew producers on which the fungal spores develop and reproduce. Therefore, it is recommended to control the scale insects at an infection rate of 10% or more by means of which the application of fungicides could be dispensed. Furthermore, it cannot be ruled out that the climatic changes (e. g. fluctuating temperatures, increased relative humidities and greenhouse gases) as well as the increasing use of pesticides with their associated changes in the build-up of resistance, entomological and fungal biodiversities and in the balance sheets to the natural enemies are of greater importance as to provide a possible explanation for the seasonal fluctuations in the qualitative and quantitative mango crop failures.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of company growth and financial performance on the return on investment of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This study seeks to answer the question of whether company growth and financial performance affect the return on investment or not? Financial performance and company growth are the independent variables, and return on investment is the dependent variable. To answer this question, a sample of 79 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2011 to 2018 were examined. Regression model has been used to test the research hypotheses. Findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between company growth and return on investment, as well as between financial performance and return on investment.

IntroductionWe aimed to assess quality of life related to oral health in narcotic or stimulant users those were referred to maintenance methadone therapy (MMT) centers in Ahvaz City, Iran.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study based on exploratory approach which has conducted on 187 narcotic and stimulant users in Ahvaz city; during 15th May till September 2020. Data was selected by available non-random sampling method. The data collection tools included the demographic variables and the standard OHIP-14 questionnaires. All tests were used as descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance. P-values of less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of the participants' age was 36.03 ± 8.98 years. The quality-of-life scores related to oral health were totally 34.89 ± 6.50 as well as 37.37 and 33.96 in narcotic and stimulant users, respectively. The total quality of life related to OHIP-14 did not have a significant relationship with variables of age, life companions, level of education, number of children, economic status, employment status, insurance status, underlying disease, toothbrush use status, last dentist visit, and number of missing teeth (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found between the quality of life related to oral health based on the type of substance used (narcotic or stimulant), so that the mean quality of life related to oral health was higher in narcotic than stimulant users (P < 0.05).ConclusionQuality of life related to OHIP-14 was more unfavorable in stimulant users than narcotic users. So, policy makers and authorities are required to focus their interventions and research programs to improve health-related quality of life in users, especially stimulant.

Introduction: A management information system (MIS) can have a great effect on the effectiveness and efficiency of management in different centers. Various conceptual models are used for designing, implementing, and evaluating this system. Methods: The Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is one of those models in which the underlying and effective factors of an MIS are identified, evaluated and clarified, making it possible to design, implement, apply and evaluate the system by using different techniques and the opinions of different experts and managers and reaching a consensus among different attitudes. In this model, the designer and all stakeholders participate in the system; identify the needs, expectations, possibilities, and problems; and offer step-by-step solutions to implement the MIS. Results: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the conceptual model of soft systems method to design and implement information management system in incubators of medical universities. This is a practical descriptive study conducted during the period 2017-2019. This study showed a significant difference in all selected indices (P-Value 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that, among the conceptual models, the SSM can be used as an appropriate model for implementing an MIS, and the system developed in this project is efficient enough to be used in the management of the incubator.

Cellulosic date palm wastes may have beneficial biotechnological applications for eco-friendly utilization. This study reports the isolation of thermophilic cellulase-producing bacteria and their application in lactic acid production using date palm leaves. The promising isolate was identified as Paenibacillus alvei by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maximum cellulase production was acquired using alkaline treated date palm leaves (ATDPL) at 48 h and yielded 4.50 U.mL-1 FPase, 8.11 U.mL-1 CMCase, and 2.74 U.mL-1 β-glucosidase. The cellulase activity was optimal at pH 5.0 and 50°C with good stability at a wide temperature (40-70°C) and pH (4.0-7.0) range, demonstrating its suitability in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation was optimized at 4 days, pH 5.0, 50°C, 6.0% cellulose of ATDPL, 30 FPU/ g cellulose, 1.0 g. L-1 Tween 80, and 5.0 g. L-l yeast extract using Lactobacillus delbrueckii. The conversion efficiency of lactic acid from the cellulose of ATDPL was 98.71%, and the lactic acid productivity was 0.719 g. L-1 h-1. Alkaline treatment exhibited a valuable effect on the production of cellulases and lactic acid by reducing the lignin content and cellulose crystallinity. The results of this study offer a credible procedure for using date palm leaves for microbial industrial applications.

Background: Children belong to the most vulnerable social group. Thus, children’s issues address a substantial part of the security in each community. It was necessary to develop an instrument to screen the children at risk of child abuse. Methods: This survey was conducted on 200 elementary students of the Ahwaz City, Iran, using a self-report questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling method was used for selecting the samples. The average variances were extracted, and composite reliability along with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was performed by LISREL for Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approaches. Results: The ESEM results revealed the 8-factor structure that explained 59.47% of the total variance in the child abuse questionnaire. Findings suggested that scaring children address the most factor load (0.97), and the destruction of self-esteem addresses the lowest factor load (0.37) in child abuse. Conclusion: The Persian version of the 8-factor child abuse tool indicated acceptable psychometric properties. The Persian version of the 8-factor child abuse questionnaire should be considered in developing a research agenda for child maltreatment future studies.

Background: Neglected non-united lateral humeral condyle fractures in pediatrics are a probable cause of cubitus valgus deformity which is a disabling complication. The ideal management for this condition is still debatable. This study aimed to evaluate the reconstruction of a non-united lateral humerus condylar fracture complicated by cubitus valgus using a tricortical iliac crest graft in pediatric patients. Patients and methods: Twenty children suffering from cubitus valgus as a complication after a non-united fracture of the lateral humeral condyle were included in this study. They were managed by open reduction, screw fixation, and reconstruction by an autologous tricortical iliac bone graft. We compared the preoperative and postoperative range of motion of the elbow, alignment, and elbow function using the Mayo elbow performance index. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in the elbow range of motion postoperatively, and there was a highly significant improvement regarding the elbow alignment and function. Conclusion: Open reduction, screw fixation, and reconstruction by the autologous tricortical iliac bone graft is an effective technique for the management of cubitus valgus due to neglected non-united lateral humeral condyle fractures in pediatrics.

Abstract Background The present study was conducted to determine the impact of educational intervention based on adult learning theory on oral health related quality of life of the elderly. Materials and methods This study (IRCT20120910010804N13) was performed with 92 elderly patients referred to the dental clinic of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical sciences. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The data were gathered by a questionnaire with demographic variables, variables of oral health related quality of the elderly, and variables for assessing the effectiveness of adult learning theory. Following pre-test, educational programs were conducted for the interventional group. After 1 month, the questionnaire was again administered to both groups. Next, the results of pre-test and post-test were analyzed using SPSS-23 at a significance level of 0.05. Results Educational intervention was significant in terms of overall oral health related quality of life and the overall effectiveness score of adult learning theory (P

Abstract Background Treatment of odontoid fractures with odontoid screws is an established method for fusion. However, it is facilitated by using advanced equipment in the operating theatre not always available as in developing countries. Objectives In this study we aim to outline the important key points for successful placement of odontoid screw in the absence of advanced tools, e.g. navigation or O-arm. Materials and methods Fifteen patients suffering from type II odontoid fractures were managed with single odontoid screw. Reduction of the fractures was achieved. A simple instrument set was used with the help of a single plane image intensifier. Longitudinal incision was used in 4 cases, and transverse incision was used in the remaining eleven cases. Anatomical identification of the midline helped to mark the entry point. The entry point used was millimetres below the anteroinferior edge of the axis vertebra. A short-headed screw was used. Results Road traffic accident was the only mechanism of trauma reported in our study. All of the patients were neurologically intact. All of the patients remained neurologically intact after the procedure. There were no instances of wrong trajectory of the screw in our study. During follow-up, we found good union of all the fractures. Only 2 cases suffered from mild dysphagia. Conclusion Fixation of odontoid fractures by anterior odontoid screws appears to be a safe and feasible procedure even in underequipped theatres. Anatomical knowledge helps in determining midline. Various modifications can help in overcoming shortcomings.

A reduction in crop spoilage and an increase in shelf-life is the goal of effective disease control methods. This study aimed to assess ZnO-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as a safe, new protectant against Rhizopus soft rot of sweet potato. ZnO-NPs had a fungicidal effect against Rhizopus stolonifer when used at concentrations above 50 ppm. The results showed that tubers treated with ZnO-NPs exhibited fewer fungal populations (1.2 CFU per segment) than those that did not receive the treatment. Tubers infected with Rhizopus stolonifer and treated with ZnO-NPs showed no visible decay for up to 15 days, indicating that ZnO-NPs act as a coating layer on tuber surface. The greatest weight loss after 15 days of storage was reported in infected tubers (8.98%), followed by infected tubers treated with ZnO (6.54%) and infected tubers treated with ZnO-NPs (3.79%). The activity of cell-wall degrading enzymes, α-amylase and cellulase, were significantly increased in both infected tubers and those treated with ZnO, compared to the tubers treated with ZnO-NPs. These results confirm that coating with ZnO-NPs is an effective method of protecting sweet potato tubers from infection, maintaining their quality and increasing their shelf-life for up to 2 months in storage.

Objective (s): Motorcyclists are vulnerable to traffic accidents. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Brief Scale of Unsafe Behaviors of motorcyclists. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 110 motorcyclists referred to the Persian Gulf clearance headquarters Tehran, Iran in year 2017. Demographics and Persian version of the motorcycle unsafe behavior data was used from Zamani F., et al. studies. The exploratory factor analysis and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient were used to assess the validity and reliability using SPSS 25 software. Results: The result of KMO test after deleting 4 out of 11 questions indicated the adequacy of sample size (0.824). The results of Bartlettchr('39')s test of sphericity showed that the data were appropriate (p

Introduction: Today, organizations feel that they need accurate, relevant, and timely information in order to properly fulfill their assigned tasks. The Management Information System (MIS), a type of Information System (IS), has a significant impact on organizations' performance. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a comprehensive management information system in organizing incubator centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive management system was developed in 2017-18 to collect information for technology incubator centers and companies based in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using a model based on modern research methods in management. This system was then physically installed at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and was used in six technology incubator centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The efficiency of the information management system of the technology incubator centers was studied and analyzed using descriptive methods through questionnaires designed based on Likert's five-point scale; SPSS and EXCEL software applications were also used. Findings: The result of this research showed the participants’ satisfaction with the indicators related to the design, installation and implementation phases, and also the increased speed of users’ responsiveness, the reduced times of data entry, user satisfaction, experience of interaction with the system, reduced workload, accuracy and precision of information, and increased relationship between incubator centers and companies. Conclusion: The present study concluded that proper implementation of management information system can be effective in improving personnel performance, managers' decisions, and productivity of growth centers in developing and supporting knowledge-based companies. By reviewing and upgrading the management dashboard, the performance of the system can be improved to meet national needs at any time and as a result, it will save time.

Aims: High blood pressure as a silent killer can endanger the health of the aged people. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of motivational interviewing based on the health belief model on hypertension, self-care, and quality of life of rural aged people. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study without a control group, was carried out on 120 rural aged people over 60 years of age, who were covered by city health centers of Ramhormoz in 2017. The subjects were selected through the multistage random sampling method. The aged people participated in the motivational interviewing classes for 1 month each week, 2 sessions in 30-45 minutes. Data were collected using social support, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-care, and quality of life questionnaires, before and after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson and Filon's z test and path analysis through LISREL 8.5 and SPSS 22 software. Findings: After the educational intervention, the mean of systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and the average scores of social support, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-care and quality of life was improved significantly (p

Objective (s): Many cancer cases are diagnosed in late stages. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the colorectal cancer screening scale in people under 50 years old. Methods: A sample of male and females selected by randomized blocking method and completed the screening questionnaire. For reliability and validity, the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha, composite reliability, Fornell-Larker matrix and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were using Smart-PLS (Partial least squares) software were used. Results: In all 160 people aged 30 to 50 years old completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 37.56 ± 5.67 years. The majority 101 were female, most (88.1%) were married and only 46 had a university education. By eliminating 15 questions from 37 colorectal cancer screening questions, the model was fitted appropriately. Also, the divergent and convergent validity of the model was confirmed. Response efficiency and perceived self-efficacy had maximum and minimum factor loading respectively (0.35 and 0.19). The total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.86 and the composite reliability coefficients were higher than 0.7 and were at the optimum level. Conclusion: The results shown that the colorectal cancer screening scale with 22 items had acceptable validity and reliability. The scale allows us to have a better perception of the factors affecting colorectal cancer screening.

Introduction: This review article has tried to explore the economic effectiveness of ergonomics. Methods: In this review, PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science were selected to find the related articles based on two keywords of ‘ergonomics’ and ‘economics’. Eleven full-text articles (1 in PubMed, 8 in EBSCO, and 2 in Web.Sci.) were included in the study. Results: Articles show that ergonomics interventions have an association with economics and productivity; however 3 out of 11 articles didn’t show a clear interconnection between ergonomics and economic benefits. All of the reviewed articles conducted at workplaces and also were related to occupational ergonomics, but in a single case, the ergonomics product design was reflected a cost-benefit approach. Discussion: The role of a healthy workforce and ergonomics design regard to both employees’ efficiency and business growth, are often neglected. According to reviewed papers, the role of ergonomics in green economics toward sustainability is inevitable. However, there are some challenges to persuade the industrial sectors’ managers about the economics side of ergonomics in which limited documents and the lack of ergonomics-economics models and procedures are critical. Conclusion: This review emphasized on at least two approaches. One of them is the necessities of publishing papers, including valid economics model about industrial ergonomics, another one is to develop some economics tools to confirm the benefits of ergonomic product design. If some appropriate economic models or techniques merge into ergonomics intervention projects, whether industrial ergonomics or product design, more feasible and better outcomes will gain in which both of the employees and customers are satisfied.

Objective: One of the main concerns of the market regulators is the prediction of the effects of these new strategies on the market due to the heterogeneity of the agents, rational boundary and behavioral factors in the investors’decision making. The Iranian stock market has always been fluctuating; therefore,awareness of the effects of strategies before they are implementedwill help regulators to market more effectively. The main objective of this research is to create an artificial market according to the Iranian stock market so that different scenarios can be simulated. Methods:One of these emerging areas, which emphasizes the impact of social sciences, cognitive sciences and behavioral sciences on operational research, is "Behavioral Operations Research" that helps us solve real-world problems.In this research, considering modeling based onagent-based capabilities, shareholders’ capabilities, bonds including different types of stocks and risk-free papers, and trading rules. Results:In this artificial market in each trading period, in accordance with the trading strategy and learning procedures, the agents intendto buy and sell. Eventually they worked as the market makers, in accordance with the auction mechanism, and began to execute orders and perform clearing and settlement operations. In order to examine the validity of the model, the statistical output of this market wasadapted to the statistical characteristics of the financial markets and, after validating the model with the scenario, simulation of the research questions were done. In this research, the scenarios for eliminating the range of price fluctuations and elimination of the informed stakeholders and their effects on stock prices were reviewed. Conclusion: According to the simulated scenarios of the Iranian stock market, due to its immature nature, eliminating controlling mechanisms such as the range of price fluctuations, in the short term the Market willbe highly instable, but in the long run the market tends to be more efficient.

Purpose: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been proven to possess pharmaceutical advantages. They have the ability to deliver hydrophilic drugs through lipid membranes of the body. However, the loading of such drugs into SLNs is challenging. Hydrophilic nicotinamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is used to establish SLNs with enhanced encapsulation efficiency by using statistical design. Methods: The possible effective parameters of these particles’ characteristics were determined using pre-formulation studies and preliminary tests. Afterwards, the Response Surface Method (RSM) was utilized to optimize the preparation condition of SLNs. The effect of the amount of lipid, drug, surfactant, and the mixing apparatus were studied on particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of the obtained particles. The acquired particles were characterized in respect of their morphology, in vitro release profile, and cytotoxicity. Results: According to this study, all the dependant variables could be fitted into quadratic models. Particles of 107 nm with zeta potential of about -40.9 and encapsulation efficiency of about 36% were obtained under optimized preparation conditions; i.e. with stearic acid to phospholipon® 90G ratio of 7.5 and nicotinamide to sodium taurocholate ratio of 14.74 using probe sonication. The validation test confirmed the model’s suitability. The release profile demonstrated the controlled release profile following the initial burst release. Neither the nicotinamide nor the SLNs showed toxicity under the evaluated concentrations. Conclusion: The acquired results suggested the suitability of the model for designing the delivery system with a highly encapsulated water soluble drug for controlling its delivery.

Objective (s): Promoting mental health is a global priority. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between behaviors related to healthy lifestyle with the psychological distress of adults based on stages of change construct. Methods: This descriptive-study was conducted on 261 adults admitted to the health centers of Ahwaz, Iran. Stratified random sampling was employed. Data was collected by a questionnaire. Health promoting lifestyle was measured in five subscales (anthropometric status, food groups, dietary habits, physical activity, and substance and drug abuse). Psychological distress was measured based on the Kesslerchr('39')s scale. The stages of change construct also were recorded. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The findings indicated that the mean scores of psychological distress in women versus men, employed versus unemployed, those who do daily walking versus not walking individuals, salt users versus not using salt, dairy products users versus not using dairy products, daily fruit consumers versus not using daily fruit, and those who were in different stages of lifestyle was significantly higher. (P < or = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicated that there were relationship between healthy life style and psychological well-being.

Paclitaxel is a potent anticancer drug with a unique mechanism of action, which is now administered via IV infusion. Due to the presence of cremophor EL in its formulation it may show anaphylactic reactions. So that oral administration of paclitaxel for removal of these important side effects is the interest of many researches. Intestinal permeation of paclitaxel is restricted because of low solubility, lack of intestinal permeability, and efflux by pumps in intestinal wall. In this study the effects of NSAIDs and P-glycoprotein inhibitors on the intestinal permeability of paclitaxel was assessed by everted intestinal sacs technique. The results show that piroxicam, indomethacin, naproxen, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen increase the intestinal permeability of paclitaxel 15.5, 10.1, 7.5, 5.6 , and 4.5 folds, respectively. Inhibition of the P-gp pumps by verapamil and cyclosporine increase the permeation of paclitaxel 2.9 and 4 folds, respectively. It seems that co-administration of paclitaxel with NSAIDs and P-gp pumps inhibitors could improve the intestinal permeation of paclitaxel.

Purpose: Chitosan is a natural mucoadhesive polymer with antibacterial activity. In the present study, chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were investigated as a vehicle for delivery of antibiotic, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Methods: Ionotropic gelation method was used for preparation chitosan nanoparticles. The effects of various factors including concentration of CS, concentration of tripolyphosphate (TPP), and homogenization rate on the size of nanoparticles were studied. The effects of various mass ratios of CS to ciprofloxacin hydrochloride on the encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles were assessed. Results: The particles prepared under optimal condition of 0.45% CS concentration, 0.45% TPP concentration and homogenizer rate at 6000 rpm, had 72 nm diameter. In these particles with 1:0.5 mass ratio of CS to ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, the encapsulation efficiency was 23%. The antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin-loaded nanoparticles against E.coli and S.aureus was evaluated by calculation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results showed that MIC of ciprofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticles was 50% lower than that of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride alone in both of microorganism species. Nanoparticles without drug exhibited antibacterial activity at higher concentrations and MIC of them against E.coli and S.aureus was 177 and 277 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore chitosan nanoparticles could be applied as carrier for decreasing the dose of antibacterial agents in the infections.

Background: Despite the fact that improved health, social, and economic situations have significantly affected the reduction of its infestation, pediculosis is still spreading worldwide. Aim: This study is conducted to evaluate the explanatory power of health belief model constructs in adoption of preventive pediculosis infestation behavior in female primary school students. Methods: This study involves two stages. First, a cross-sectional study was conducted. In the second stage, a quasi-experimental intervention was performed. One hundred eighty female elementary school students in Omidiyeh County were randomly selected in two 90-subject groups (experimental and control). Samples were matched in two groups in terms of demographic variables. A group of educational intervention was based on the most effective construct of the first stage; and the educational intervention of control group was based on the low- effective construct. The path analysis and LISREL 8.5 software was utilized to compare the fit and the variance cover percentage of adopting preventive pediculosis infestation behaviors. Results: According to the pre-intervention findings, there was no significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of factors affecting the adoption of preventive pediculosis infestation behavior. This model had a weaker fit in the experimental than the control group, but these indices had better status after intervention in the experimental than the control group. Meanwhile, the cover percentage of explained variance for the experimental group after educational intervention was higher than pre-intervention, but it was lower in the control group. Finally, health belief model constructs (including the knowledge, cue to action, perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived benefits and barriers, and self-efficacy) in the experimental group, had better fit after the educational intervention compared with pre-intervention. Conclusion: Efficiency of the health belief model was approved for adopting preventive pediculosis infestation behavior in female primary school students. The future intervention studies should utilize the structural equation modeling approach separately in experimental and control groups to compare the changes in behavior between different demographic groups in the field of pediculosis infestation behavior

Background: Chemical treatments for the modulation of host response are applied along with mechanical modalities as adjunctive to periodontal treatment. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of locally-delivered alendronate sodium gel in adjunction to scaling and root planning on periodontal indices and bone formation within vertical defects of smokers with chronic periodontitis. Methods and Materials: In this study vertical defects (n=8) with depth>5 mm have been investigated. After performing the phase I of periodontal treatment, alendronate sodium gel (1%) was applied into the periodontal pockets. The whole procedure was repeated after 4 weeks. Periodontal indices (plaque and bleeding), probing depth, gingival recession, and radiographic parameter (depth of bony defect) were measured at the beginning and following 6 months. Results: Compared to pre-treatment, the probing depth, radiographic depth of bony defect and bleeding and plaque indices were significantly reduced by local application of alendronate sodium gel (P=0.026; P=0.012 and P=0.007 respectively). Gingival recession showed significant increase (P=0.011). Conclusion: Local alendronate sodium gel (1%) plays an important role in the improvement process of periodontal indices and bone formation within vertical bony defects of smoker patients with chronic periodontitis.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of high interest due to their application in medical fields, in particular for theranostics. Specific properties required for such particles include high magnetization, appropriate size and stability. Biocompatible magnetically soft magnetite particles (Fe 3 O 4 ) have been investigated for biological purposes. The intrinsic instability of these nanoparticles and their susceptibility to the oxidization in air, are limitations for their applications. Various methods have been described for synthesis of these nanoparticles among which co-precipitation method is widely experimented. In order to illustrate the synthesis of MNPs elaborately, the effect of different factors on particle formation were studied. The particles morphology, stability, paramagnetic effect, chemical structure and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Particles of 58 and 60 nm obtained by oleic acid coated (OMNPs) and citric acid coated (CMNPs) magnetite nanoparticles respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibited the real sizes are 15 and 13 nm. Magnetic saturations of these nanoparticles were 72 and 68 emu/g which is suitable for medical applications. Both OMNPs and CMNPs were non-toxic to the SK-Br-3 and MCF-7 cells in the concentrations of

Objectives: Protecting children from abuse is a public responsibility. Having a valid tool to assess child abuse is necessary. Methods: The present analysis variance–covariance matrix study recruited 360 elementary school students selected by multistage sampling method. The mean variance, composite reliability and Cronbach’s alpha were used in the form of first order and second order confirmatory factor analysis approaches. Results: The overall prevalence of child abuse was 27.61%. The prevalence of different types of child abuse including fear, neglect, verbal, parental maltreatment, physical, and destruction of confidence were 62%, 42.2%, 18.7%, 15.6%, 14.5%, and 12.6%, respectively. These 6 factors explained 64.6% of the total variance of child abuse. The first order confirmatory factor analysis explains the model better than the second order. Conclusion: The Iranian version of the child abuse questionnaire showed acceptable psychometrics. It is necessary to consider different views of parents and children in future studies.

Introduction: Anticipating effective factors in information system acceptance by using persuasive messages, is one of the main issues less focused on so far. This is one of the first attempts at using the elaboration-likelihood model combined with the perception of emotional, cognitive, self-efficacy, informational and normative influence constructs, in order to investigate the determinants of intention to continue use of the hospital information system in Iran. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014. 600 nursing staff were chosen from clinical sectors of public hospitals using purposive sampling. The questionnaire survey was in two parts: Part one was comprised of demographic data, and part two included 52 questions pertaining to the constructs of the model in the study. To analyze the data, structural equation model using LISREL 8.5 software was applied. Result: The findings suggest that self-efficacy (t= 6.01, β= 0.21), affective response (t= 5.84, β= 0.23), and cognitive response (t= 4.97, β= 0.21) explained 64% of the variance for the intention of continuing to use the hospital information system. Furthermore, the final model was able to explain 0.46 for self-efficacy, 0.44 for normative social influence, 0.52 for affective response, 0.55 for informational social influence, and 0.53 for cognitive response. Conclusion: Designing the necessary mechanisms and effective use of appropriate strategies to improve emotional and cognitive understanding and self-efficacy of the nursing staff is required, in order to increase the intention of continued use of the hospital information system in Iran