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1. Fruit bat migration matches green wave in seasonal landscapes

Author

Hurme, Edward, primary, Fahr, Jakob, additional, Eric-Moise, Bakwo Fils, additional, Hash, C Tom, additional, O'Mara, Teague, additional, Richter, Heidi, additional, Tanshi, Iroro, additional, Webala, Paul, additional, Weber, Natalie, additional, Wikelski, Martin, additional, and Dechmann, Dina, additional

Published
2024
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2. Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) Potential in Sorghum

Author

Guntur, Subbarao V, Zakir, Hossain AKM, Nakahara, K, Ishikawa, T, M, Yanbuaban, T, Yoshihashi, H, Ono, Yoshida, Mitsuru, Hash, C Tom, H, Upadhyaya, p, srinivas, Reddy, Belum VS, Ito, Osamu, and Sahrawat, Kanwar L

Subjects
Environmental Plant Nutrition-Tree, Root and Climate, Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI), genetic variability, nitrogen-use efficiency, nitrogen pollution, nitrous oxide emissions, nitrification inhibition, nitrifiction inhibitors, Nitrosomonas, sakuranetin, sorghum, sorgoleone
Abstract

The biological oxidation of ammonia (i.e. nitrification), results in the transformation of relatively immobile NH4+ into a highly mobile NO3-, which is vulnerable to losses through leaching and denitrification, resulting in low nitrogen-use efficiency in agricultural systems. The ability of certain plants to suppress soil nitrifier function by releasing inhibitors from roots is termed 'biological nitrification inhibition' (BNI). Using a recombinant luminescent Nitrosomonas europaea, we developed an assay to detect and quantify the inhibitory effects in plant soil systems termed, 'BNI activity', expressed in ATU (allylthiourea unit). Sorghum roots released (into water-based medium, hereafter referred to as root exudates) substantial amount of BNI activity. The BNI capacity (ATU g-1 root dry wt d-1) of roots changed with growth stage, from 60 ATU at 3 week old to 20 ATU at 45 day stage. In addition, sorghum roots released hydrophobic compounds, which can be recovered by washing with dichloromethane (hereafter referred to as DCM-root wash). One of the active constituents with BNI activity in root exudates, isolated by activity-guided HPLC fractionation, was a flavonoid, identified as sakuranetin. Using a similar approach, the major active constituent with BNI activity in DCM-root wash was isolated and identified as sorgoleone. Both sakuranetin and sorgoleone inhibited Nitrosomonas activity in a dose-response manner. Substantial genetic variability for sorgoleone production capacity was detected in sorghum. Some wild-sorghum species showed high-BNI capacity under field conditions. Potential implications of BNI in inhibiting nitrification and in reducing the nitrogen footprint from agricultural systems will be discussed.

Published
2009

4. Fruit bat migration matches green wave in seasonal landscapes

Author

Hurme, Edward, Fahr, Jakob, Eric, Bakwo Fils, Hash, C. Tom, O'Mara, Michael Teague, Richter, Heidi, Tanshi, Iroro, Weber, Natalie, Wikelski, Martin, and Dechmann, Dina K. N.

Subjects
ddc:570, Africa, colony counts, enhanced vegetation index, green-up, phenology, resource tracking, start of season, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Migrating grazers and carnivores respond to seasonal changes in the environment and often match peaks in resource abundance. However, it is unclear if and how frugivorous animals use phenological events to time migration, especially in the tropics.The straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum), Africa’s most gregarious fruit bat, forms large seasonal colonies throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that aggregations of E. helvum match the timing of their migration with phenologies of plant growth or precipitation.Using monthly colony counts from across much of the species’ range, we matched peak colony size to landscape phenologies and explored the variation among colonies matching the overall closest phenological event.Peak colony size was closest to the peak instantaneous rate of green-up, and sites with closer temporal matching were associated with higher maximum greenness, short growing season, and larger peak colony size. Eidolon helvum seem to time their migrations to move into highly seasonal landscapes to exploit short-lived explosions of food and may benefit from collective sensing to time migrations.The link between rapid changes in colony size and phenological match may also imply potential collective sensing of the environment. Overall decreasing bat numbers along with various threats might cause this property of large colonies to be lost.Remote sensing data, although, indirectly linked to fruiting events, can potentially be used to globally describe and predict the migration of frugivorous species in a changing world. published

Published
2022

6. Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments

Author

Varshney, Rajeev K, Shi, Chengcheng, Thudi, Mahendar, Mariac, Cedric, Wallace, Jason, Qi, Peng, Zhang, He, Zhao, Yusheng, Wang, Xiyin, Rathore, Abhishek, Srivastava, Rakesh K, Chitikineni, Annapurna, Fan, Guangyi, Bajaj, Prasad, Punnuri, Somashekhar, Gupta, S K, Wang, Hao, Jiang, Yong, Couderc, Marie, Katta, Mohan A V S K, Paudel, Dev R, Mungra, K D, Chen, Wenbin, Harris-Shultz, Karen R, Garg, Vanika, Desai, Neetin, Doddamani, Dadakhalandar, Kane, Ndjido Ardo, Conner, Joann A, Ghatak, Arindam, Chaturvedi, Palak, Subramaniam, Sabarinath, Yadav, Om Parkash, Berthouly-Salazar, Cécile, Hamidou, Falalou, Wang, Jianping, Liang, Xinming, Clotault, Jérémy, Upadhyaya, Hari D, Cubry, Philippe, Rhoné, Bénédicte, Gueye, Mame Codou, Sunkar, Ramanjulu, Dupuy, Christian, Sparvoli, Francesca, Cheng, Shifeng, Mahala, R S, Singh, Bharat, Yadav, Rattan S, Lyons, Eric, Datta, Swapan K, Hash, C Tom, Devos, Katrien M, Buckler, Edward, Bennetzen, Jeffrey L, Paterson, Andrew H, Ozias-Akins, Peggy, Grando, Stefania, Wang, Jun, Mohapatra, Trilochan, Weckwerth, Wolfram, Reif, Jochen C, Liu, Xin, Vigouroux, Yves, and Xu, Xun

Published
2017
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8. Transpiration efficiency: insights from comparisons of C4 cereal species

Author

Vadez, Vincent, Choudhary, Sunita, Kholová, Jana, Hash, C Tom, Srivastava, Rakesh, Kumar, A Ashok, Prandavada, Anand, and Anjaiah, Mukkera

Subjects
Pennisetum, Vapor Pressure, AcademicSubjects/SCI01210, Aquaporin, Plant Transpiration, drought, Sorghum bicolor, eXtra Botany, maize, Zea mays, Plant Breeding, climate change, breeding, Pennisetum glaucum, rhizosphere, soil hydraulics, Edible Grain, pearl millet, root hydraulics, Research Paper
Abstract

Comparisons among C4 maize, sorghum, and pearl millet show that soil type and source–sink balance affect transpiration efficiency under high vapor pressure deficit in a species-dependent manner., We have previously reported that there is a tight link between high transpiration efficiency (TE; shoot biomass per unit water transpired) and restriction of transpiration under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In this study, we examine other factors affecting TE among major C4 cereals, namely species’ differences, soil type, and source–sink relationships. We found that TE in maize (10 genotypes) was higher overall than in pearl millet (10 genotypes), and somewhat higher than in sorghum (16 genotypes). Overall, transpiration efficiency was higher in high-clay than in sandy soil under high VPD, but the effect was species-dependent with maize showing large variations in TE and yield across different soil types whilst pearl millet showed no variation in TE. This suggested that species fitness was specific to soil type. Removal of cobs drastically decreased TE in maize under high VPD, but removal of panicles did not have the same effect in pearl millet, suggesting that source–sink balance also drove variations in TE. We interpret the differences in TE between species as being accounted for by differences in the capacity to restrict transpiration under high VPD, with breeding history possibly having favored the source–sink balance in maize. This suggests that there is also scope to increase TE in pearl millet and sorghum through breeding. With regards to soil conditions, our results indicate that it appears to be critical to consider hydraulic characteristics and the root system together in order to better understand stomatal regulation and restriction of transpiration under high VPD. Finally, our results highlight the importance of sink strength in regulating transpiration/photosynthesis, and hence in influencing TE.

Published
2021

17. Transpiration efficiency: insights from comparisons of C4 cereal species.

Author

Vadez, Vincent, Choudhary, Sunita, Kholová, Jana, Hash, C Tom, Srivastava, Rakesh, Kumar, A Ashok, Prandavada, Anand, and Anjaiah, Mukkera

Subjects
PEARL millet, SPECIES, SORGHUM, SOIL classification, VAPOR pressure, CORN, SANDY soils
Abstract

We have previously reported that there is a tight link between high transpiration efficiency (TE; shoot biomass per unit water transpired) and restriction of transpiration under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In this study, we examine other factors affecting TE among major C4 cereals, namely species' differences, soil type, and source–sink relationships. We found that TE in maize (10 genotypes) was higher overall than in pearl millet (10 genotypes), and somewhat higher than in sorghum (16 genotypes). Overall, transpiration efficiency was higher in high-clay than in sandy soil under high VPD, but the effect was species-dependent with maize showing large variations in TE and yield across different soil types whilst pearl millet showed no variation in TE. This suggested that species fitness was specific to soil type. Removal of cobs drastically decreased TE in maize under high VPD, but removal of panicles did not have the same effect in pearl millet, suggesting that source–sink balance also drove variations in TE. We interpret the differences in TE between species as being accounted for by differences in the capacity to restrict transpiration under high VPD, with breeding history possibly having favored the source–sink balance in maize. This suggests that there is also scope to increase TE in pearl millet and sorghum through breeding. With regards to soil conditions, our results indicate that it appears to be critical to consider hydraulic characteristics and the root system together in order to better understand stomatal regulation and restriction of transpiration under high VPD. Finally, our results highlight the importance of sink strength in regulating transpiration/photosynthesis, and hence in influencing TE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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18. Identification of QTLs and candidate genes for high grain Fe and Zn concentration in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench]

Author

Kotla, Anuradha, primary, Phuke, Rahul, additional, Hariprasanna, K., additional, Mehtre, Shivaji P., additional, Rathore, Abhishek, additional, Gorthy, Sunita, additional, Srivastava, Rakesh K., additional, Das, Roma, additional, Bhanu Prakash, A., additional, Radhika, K., additional, Hash, C. Tom, additional, Reddy, Belum V.S., additional, Patil, J.V., additional, Jabeen, Farzana, additional, Shashikanth, D., additional, Jaganathan, Jayakumar, additional, Gaddameedi, Anil, additional, Subhasini, Vangala, additional, Deshpande, Santosh P., additional, and Kumar, A. Ashok, additional

Published
2019
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20. Patterns of molecular and phenotypic diversity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] from West and Central Africa and their relation to geographical and environmental parameters

Author

Hash C Tom, Bhosale Sankalp, Pasam Raj, Haussmann Bettina IG, Stich Benjamin, Melchinger Albrecht E, and Parzies Heiko K

Subjects
Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract Background The distribution area of pearl millet in West and Central Africa (WCA) harbours a wide range of climatic and environmental conditions as well as diverse farmer preferences and pearl millet utilization habits which have the potential to lead to local adaptation and thereby to population structure. The objectives of our research were to (i) assess the geographical distribution of genetic diversity in pearl millet inbreds derived from landraces, (ii) assess the population structure of pearl millet from WCA, and (iii) identify those geographical parameters and environmental factors from the location at which landraces were sampled, as well as those phenotypic traits that may have affected or led to this population structure. Our study was based on a set of 145 inbred lines derived from 122 different pearl millet landraces from WCA. Results Five sub-groups were detected within the entire germplasm set by STRUCTURE. We observed that the phenotypic traits flowering time, relative response to photoperiod, and panicle length were significantly associated with population structure but not the environmental factors which are expected to influence these traits in natural populations such as latitude, temperature, or precipitation. Conclusions Our results suggested that for pearl millet natural selection is compared to artificial selection less important in shaping populations.

Published
2010
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22. Erratum: Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments

Author

Varshney, Rajeev K, primary, Shi, Chengcheng, additional, Thudi, Mahendar, additional, Mariac, Cedric, additional, Wallace, Jason, additional, Qi, Peng, additional, Zhang, He, additional, Zhao, Yusheng, additional, Wang, Xiyin, additional, Rathore, Abhishek, additional, Srivastava, Rakesh K, additional, Chitikineni, Annapurna, additional, Fan, Guangyi, additional, Bajaj, Prasad, additional, Punnuri, Somashekhar, additional, Gupta, S K, additional, Wang, Hao, additional, Jiang, Yong, additional, Couderc, Marie, additional, Katta, Mohan A V S K, additional, Paudel, Dev R, additional, Mungra, K D, additional, Chen, Wenbin, additional, Harris-Shultz, Karen R, additional, Garg, Vanika, additional, Desai, Neetin, additional, Doddamani, Dadakhalandar, additional, Kane, Ndjido Ardo, additional, Conner, Joann A, additional, Ghatak, Arindam, additional, Chaturvedi, Palak, additional, Subramaniam, Sabarinath, additional, Yadav, Om Parkash, additional, Berthouly-Salazar, Cécile, additional, Hamidou, Falalou, additional, Wang, Jianping, additional, Liang, Xinming, additional, Clotault, Jérémy, additional, Upadhyaya, Hari D, additional, Cubry, Philippe, additional, Rhoné, Bénédicte, additional, Gueye, Mame Codou, additional, Sunkar, Ramanjulu, additional, Dupuy, Christian, additional, Sparvoli, Francesca, additional, Cheng, Shifeng, additional, Mahala, R S, additional, Singh, Bharat, additional, Yadav, Rattan S, additional, Lyons, Eric, additional, Datta, Swapan K, additional, Hash, C Tom, additional, Devos, Katrien M, additional, Buckler, Edward, additional, Bennetzen, Jeffrey L, additional, Paterson, Andrew H, additional, Ozias-Akins, Peggy, additional, Grando, Stefania, additional, Wang, Jun, additional, Mohapatra, Trilochan, additional, Weckwerth, Wolfram, additional, Reif, Jochen C, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, Vigouroux, Yves, additional, and Xu, Xun, additional

Published
2018
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24. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Aquaporin genes in pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.] genotypes contrasting in their transpiration response to high vapour pressure deficits

Author

Reddy, Palakolanu Sudhakar, primary, Tharanya, Murugesan, additional, Sivasakthi, Kaliamoorthy, additional, Srikanth, Mallayee, additional, Hash, C. Tom, additional, Kholova, Jana, additional, Sharma, Kiran K., additional, and Vadez, Vincent, additional

Published
2017
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26. IDENTIFYING FARMERS' PREFERENCES AND CONSTRAINTS TO PEARL MILLET PRODUCTION IN THE SAHEL AND NORTH-SUDAN ZONES OF BURKINA FASO.

Author

DRABO, INOUSSA, ZANGRE, ROGER G., DANQUAH, ERIC Y., OFORI, KWADWO, WITCOMBE, JOHN R., and HASH, C. TOM

Subjects
PEARL millet, PLANT breeding, FOOD security, GRAIN yields, AGRICULTURAL productivity
Abstract

SUMMARY: The low yield of pearl millet largely due to the low adoption of improved varieties substantiates the application of client-oriented plant breeding for pearl millet. Hence to enhance adoption, new varieties must correspond to farmers' preferences and respond to the constraints prevailing in the production environments, participatory rural appraisals were conducted in two agro-ecological zones (Sahel and North-Sudan) to determine farmers' preferences in the choice of varieties and to identify constraints to pearl millet production. The study revealed that the major production constraints are hierarchically drought, Striga , head miner, bird and downy mildew. Compact panicle, large grain size and non-bristle panicle were the most preferred traits in pearl millet across agro-ecological zones. Very long panicle and early maturity crop cycle were more preferred in the Sahel zone whereas, in the North-Sudan zone medium panicle length and medium maturity cycle were more preferred by farmers. Traits largely rejected by farmers were small grain size, narrow, loose and bristled panicle. Very few investigations were done to understand the raison of the low adoption of improved technologies in pearl millet. This study identified the major criteria of new pearl millet variety adoption by farmers. It is expected that breeding program must integrate these criteria in new pearl millet variety profiling to enhance adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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27. Population Diallel of Elite Medium- and Long-Duration Pearl Millet Composites: I. Populations and Their [F.sub.1] Crosses

Author

Ali, Adam Mohamed, Hash, C. Tom, Ibrahim, Abu Elhassan S., and Raj, A. G. Bhasker

Subjects
Plant population genetics -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Pearl millet -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Agricultural industry, Business
Abstract

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] varieties grown in semiarid Africa and Asia have low grain yields. Information on heterosis and combining ability of diverse open-pollinated cultivars, breeding populations, and genepools is needed for efficient choice of breeding methods and parental materials to use in developing productive base populations for this crop. Data for grain and biomass yield, growth rate, time to flowering, plant height, panicle length, and productive tillers were collected from an 11-parent variety cross diallel of diverse pearl millet populations evaluated in five field environments in peninsular India. Data were summarized using the Gardner-Eberhart Analysis II. When genotype x environment interactions were significant, ranks of parental general combining abilities (GCA) were used to identify particular environments and parents contributing most to these interactions. Parental population effects were significant for all characters, as were differences in GCA. Populations NWC C2, AfPop 88, and LHGP consistently had the poorest ranks for general combining ability for grain yield across test environments. Populations ICMV 91059, SenPop, ICMP 91751, and ICMP 92951 constitute a genetically diverse subset of the parents that consistently had the best ranks for grain yield GCA across test environments. With ICMV 155 (crosses of which performed poorly in only one of five test environments), this latter group is a good source of more broad-based breeding populations for dual-purpose pearl millet improvement targeting peninsular India., PEARL MILLET is a robust, diploid, cross-pollinated grass with immense genetic diversity. It is grown as a subsistence grain and stover crop, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (Rachie [...]

Published
2001

30. Component traits of plant water use are modulated by vapour pressure deficit in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.)

Author

Kholová, Jana, primary, Zindy, Paul, additional, Malayee, Srikanth, additional, Baddam, Rekha, additional, Murugesan, Tharanya, additional, Kaliamoorthy, Sivasakthi, additional, Hash, C. Tom, additional, Votrubová, Olga, additional, Soukup, Aleš, additional, Kočová, Marie, additional, Niang, Mareme, additional, and Vadez, Vincent, additional

Published
2016
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34. Genome-environment associations in sorghum landraces predict adaptive traits

Author

Lasky, Jesse R., primary, Upadhyaya, Hari D., additional, Ramu, Punna, additional, Deshpande, Santosh, additional, Hash, C. Tom, additional, Bonnette, Jason, additional, Juenger, Thomas E., additional, Hyma, Katie, additional, Acharya, Charlotte, additional, Mitchell, Sharon E., additional, Buckler, Edward S., additional, Brenton, Zachary, additional, Kresovich, Stephen, additional, and Morris, Geoffrey P., additional

Published
2015
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37. Allele diversity at orthologous candidate genes in GCP crops (ADOC project)

Author

This, Dominique, Courtois, Brigitte, Philippe, Romain, MOURNET, Pierre, Billot, Claire, Glaszmann, Jean-Christophe, Schaftleitner, Roland, Simon, Reinhardt, Rojas, Percy, Bonierbale, Merideth, Vashney, Rajeev, Hash, C. Tom, Upadhyaya, Hari, Nayak, Spurthi, Brunel, Dominique, El Malki, Redouane, Le Paslier, Marie-Christine, McNally, Kenneth, Baum, Michael, Choumane, Wafaa, von Korff, Maria, Blair, Matthew, Fergene, Martin, Développement et amélioration des plantes (UMR DAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Potato Center, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics [Inde] (ICRISAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux (EPGV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas [Syrie] (ICARDA), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
écogéographie, taxonomic trees, potato (Stbr), bean (Pv), barley (Hv), eco-geographical data, maize, HARICOT, cassava (Me), chickpea, genome duplication, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, POIS CHICHE, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, rice (Os), drought stress response, sorghum (Sb), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, RIZ
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

45. Development of a pearl millet Striga-resistant genepool: Response to five cycles of recurrent selection under Striga-infested field conditions in West Africa

Author

Kountche, Boubacar A., primary, Hash, C. Tom, additional, Dodo, Harouna, additional, Laoualy, Oumarou, additional, Sanogo, Moussa D., additional, Timbeli, Amadou, additional, Vigouroux, Yves, additional, This, Dominique, additional, Nijkamp, Randy, additional, and Haussmann, Bettina I.G., additional

Published
2013
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47. The Relationship between Population Structure and Aluminum Tolerance in Cultivated Sorghum

Author

Caniato, Fernanda F., primary, Guimarães, Claudia T., additional, Hamblin, Martha, additional, Billot, Claire, additional, Rami, Jean-François, additional, Hufnagel, Barbara, additional, Kochian, Leon V., additional, Liu, Jiping, additional, Garcia, Antonio Augusto F., additional, Hash, C. Tom, additional, Ramu, Punna, additional, Mitchell, Sharon, additional, Kresovich, Stephen, additional, Oliveira, Antônio Carlos, additional, de Avellar, Gisela, additional, Borém, Aluízio, additional, Glaszmann, Jean-Christophe, additional, Schaffert, Robert E., additional, and Magalhaes, Jurandir V., additional

Published
2011
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50. Isolation and sequence analysis of DREB2A homologues in three cereal and two legume species

Author

Nayak, Spurthi N., primary, Balaji, Jayashree, additional, Upadhyaya, Hari D., additional, Hash, C. Tom, additional, Kishor, P.B. Kavi, additional, Chattopadhyay, Debasis, additional, Rodriquez, Lina María, additional, Blair, Matthew W., additional, Baum, Michael, additional, McNally, Kenneth, additional, This, Dominique, additional, Hoisington, David A., additional, and Varshney, Rajeev K., additional

Published
2009
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