Search

The teaching of veterinary anatomy was started in line with the establishment of the first veterinary school in Lyon in 1762. During this time fewer tools and techniques were available for displaying and visualization of organs in order to teach anatomy. Over the years, many methods, tools, and techniques that are essential for veterinary students and anatomists were developed. Teaching materials like cadaver which preserved by formalin has being using for a long time. Instead of preserved cadavers, various teaching materials have also been using in different parts of the world. These alternative techniques were not hopeful to meet the professional challenges in the medical and veterinary sciences. In 1977, Dr. Gunther von Hagens came up with an exclusive method, for the preservation of biological materials, called plastination. In the process of plastination body fluids and lipids in biological tissues replace with epoxy silicone and polyester polymers. Plastinated specimens are an excellent alternative to formalin-fixed specimens. Plastination brings not only three-dimensional and cross-sectional specimens for teaching and research, but also durable, clean, non-toxic materials for students. Plastinates are also convenient to handle, transport, and store. Three major methods used in plastination are silicone, sheet plastination with epoxy method and sheet plastination with polyester method. Silicone plastination is the most adaptable technique for cadavers, whole body or organ slices. Relative to the other plastination methods, it is widely used for teaching veterinary anatomy. Sheet plastination with polyester resin has been used for the production of opaque brain slices, while sheet plastination with epoxy resins are used for transparent body or organ slices. Using of anatomic specimens after plastination can be quite efficient for both theoretical and practical courses.

Bu çalışma, lokal polyester reçine ile böbreğin ince kesit plastinasyonu için bir protokol geliştirmeyi ve örneğin anatomik detaylarını incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Örnek %10 formalin fiksasyon solüsyonu ile sabitlendi ve ardından 3 mm'lik dilimlere ayrıldı. Polyester plastinasyon tekniğinin dört aşaması kullanıldı. İlk olarak örnekler dehidrasyon için -25ºC'de %99,5 aseton banyosunda tutulmuştur. Bu işlemden sonra kesitler polyester reçineye yerleştirildi ve vakum altında oda sıcaklığında (20ºC) impregnasyon işlemine başlandı. Zorlu impregnasyon işleminden sonra kürleme odaları oluşturuldu ve kürleme işlemine ultraviyole ışık altında devam edildi. Uygulanan her aşamanın verileri dikkatlice kaydedildi ve böbrek bölümlerinin polyester plastinasyonu için protokol başarıyla oluşturuldu. Örnekler, ince bir kesit görünümü sayesinde farklı bir bakış açısıyla gözlemlenmiştir. Örneklerin anatomik morfolojisi ve böbreğin kesit bölümlerine ait yapılar, böbrek paraşimi ve dolaşım bileşenleri gibi, iyi korunmuştur. Elde edilen son ürünler, böbreklerin kesitsel anatomik çalışmaları için iyi birer eğitim materyalleri olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir., This study aimed to develop a protocol for the thin section plastination of the kidney with local polyester resin and examine the anatomical details of this specimen. The sample was fixed with 10% formalin fixation solution and then sectioned into 3 mm slices. The four stages of the polyester plastination technique were used. Firstly, the samples were kept in 99.5% acetone baths at -25ºC for the dehydration. After this process, the sections were placed in polyester resin and the impregnation process was started at room temperature (20ºC) under vacuum. Following the forced impregnation, the curing chambers were constructed and the curing process was continued under ultraviolet light. The data of each applied stage were recorded carefully and the protocol for polyester plastination of kidney sections was successfully established. The specimens were observed from a different point of view with a thin cross-sectional appearance. The anatomical morphology and the structures of the sections of the kidney such as renal parenchyma and circulatory components were preserved well. The final products could be used as educational samples for cross-sectional anatomical training of kidneys.

Wallabies are small- to medium-sized hopping marsupials and have large and flexible tendons in their hind limbs that act like springs. This study aimed to show the morphological pattern of the pes tendons in Bennett's wallaby. Two Bennett's Wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) that died of natural causes have been used for this study. The pes was dissected using standard dissection techniques to expose the tendons around metatarsals and digits. The crural musculature of the hind limb was also dissected to identify the origin of the tendons. Tendons of m. extensor digitorum longus, m. extensor digitorum lateralis, m. extensor digiti II et III longus, m. flexor digitorum superficialis, m. flexor digitorum profundus and mm. interossei were the main identified tendons. Tendons of m. extensor digitorum longus attached to the distal phalanx of the fourth digit. The tendon of m. extensor digitorum lateralis had two insertion points, on the fourth and the fifth digits. The tendon of m. flexor digitorum superficialis bifurcates at the level proximal one-third of the metatarsus. The relatively thinner branch inserted into the phalanx of the fifth digit, while the thicker splits and inserted to the medial and lateral surface of the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the fourth digit. Tendon of m. flexor digitorum profundus was the thickest tendon on the plantar surface, and it had four insertion points, which were the distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth and fifth digits. This study provides detailed information for future studies on the biomechanical and functional morphology of tendons in marsupials.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of mastitis in bovines and to, isolate and identify the major bacterial pathogens of lactating cows in six selected woredas of Bench Maji Zone of Southwestern Ethiopia from June 2017-October 2017. Three hundred eighty four lactating cows were examined for mastitis by combination of udder physical examination, California Mastitis Test and subsequent bacteriological isolation. During the study period, 116 (30.21%) cows had mastitis, of which 35 (30.17%) and 81(69.83%) showed clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. The prevalence rates of mastitis in cross breed and local breed cattle were found to be 71.43 and 28.65%, respectively. Based on parity, higher prevalence (45.45%) was recorded in cows which had greater than 5 parturitions and the lower prevalence (13.04%) was recorded in cows with 1-2 parturitions. Based on lactation stage, the prevalence was (45%) in late stage, followed by middle stage (36.60%) and early stage of lactation (13.85%). The prevalence rates of mastitis based on different age groups of lactating cows were found to be 48.78 , 30.54 and 18.52% in cows of greater than 8 years old, 4-8 years old and in cows less than 4 years old, respectively. Except parity, the other associated risk factors (breed, lactation stage and age group) had significant association (P

Background Toxoplasmosis is a major public health concern in many countries of the world. A cross-sectional and follow up experimental study designs were used for seroepidemiological and bioassay studies, respectively from November 2012 to April 2013. The objectives were to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection, to assess risk factors and to isolate the parasite from camels in the Fentale district, Ethiopia. A direct agglutination test (DAT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to test camel sera. Hearts and tongues (each 25 g) from 31 seropositive camels were bioassayed in mice. Associations between seroprevalence and potential risk factors (collected using a questionnaire survey) were analyzed using logistic regression. Results An overall T. gondii prevalence of 49.62% (220/455) by DAT and 40.49% (179/451) by indirect ELISA test were detected. Herd level seroprevalence of 96.77% (30/31) (95% CI: 83.30– 99.92) by DAT was recorded and it was significantly higher in areas where wild felids are present (P = 0.038). Multivariable logistic regression showed that the likelihood of acquiring T. gondii infection was significantly higher in camels in the Ilala pastoral association [PA] (82.26%) (Adjusted Odds ratio [aOR] = 10.8; P