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SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) play a vital role in developing countries like Indonesia, contributing 12.85% to the GDP. However, Indonesia ranks low in the Global Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems by the Asian Development Bank. A study in Bekasi regency found that nearly 100% of SMEs still rely on conventional systems, facing common issues like low stock accuracy and lack of transparency. While software solutions exist, they often fail to address the real issues SMEs face in the real world. This research aims to create a digital transformation framework tailored to the real issues of SMEs, confirmed by stakeholders. This study used exploratory mixed methods, identifying seven steps for digital transformation: defining customer needs, identifying gaps, setting goals, selecting technology, addressing current problems, planning and financing, and evaluation. These steps cover six dimensions: Customer needs, Processes, Planning and Strategy, Technology, Resources, and Financing. The findings highlight that digital transformation is not just about adopting technology but involves a comprehensive approach grounded in customer needs. This framework offers significant value as a main contribution to academics, practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders by addressing SMEs’ real-world challenges and ensuring that digital transformation is effective and relevant

Abstract Background Indonesia has implemented a series of healthcare reforms including its national health insurance scheme (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN) to achieve universal health coverage. However, there is evidence of inequitable healthcare utilization in Indonesia, raising concerns that the poor might not be benefiting fully from government subsidies. This study aims to identify factors affecting healthcare utilization in Indonesia. Methods This study analysed cross-sectional survey data collected by the “Equity and Health Care Financing in Indonesia” (ENHANCE) Study. Andersen’s behavioural model of health services use was adopted as a framework for understanding healthcare utilization in Indonesia. Sociodemographic variables were categorized into predisposing, enabling and need factors. Outcome measures included the utilization of primary and secondary health services. Multi-level logistic regression models were run to examine factors associated with each type of health service utilization. Results Of the 31,864 individuals included in the ENHANCE survey, around 14% had used outpatient services in the past month. Fewer than 5% of the study population had visited hospitals for inpatient care and about 23% used maternal and child health services in the past 12 months. Age, gender and self-rated health were key determinants of health services utilization. No significant differences in primary care utilization were found among people with different insurance status, but people who received subsidised premiums under the JKN were more likely to receive primary care from public health facilities and less likely from private health facilities. Compared to people who pay JKN insurance premiums themselves, the uninsured and those whose premiums were subsidised by the government were less likely to visit public and private hospitals when other factors were controlled. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the distribution of healthcare utilization in Indonesia is largely equitable as predisposing factors (age and gender) and health need were found to greatly influence the utilization of different types of health services. However, enabling factors such as health insurance status were also found to be associated with inequity in utilization of hospital services. Further policy actions regarding resource allocation and health service planning are warranted to achieve a more equitable pattern of health service use in Indonesia.

The development of this curriculum is designed with an approach that integrates project-based learning that is made in various subjects. This study aims to develop and evaluate a project-based curriculum to improve students' creativity and collaboration. This research method uses literature study (library research). The findings found that the development of this project-based curriculum was carried out so that students could explore, design, and implement learning concepts in real contexts. This process not only hones critical thinking skills but also interpersonal communication skills. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the project-based curriculum in improving students' creativity and collaboration.

Sulawesi Island is one of the largest Ni ore producers in Indonesia. It is also expected to be a significant potential source of some critical metals (e.g., Co, Sc, rare-earth elements, and platinum-group elements). However, few studies show the post-mining impact on some heavy metal elements concentrated in this area. Therefore, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of soil organization and its effect on soil reclamation after mining is helpful. This study aimed to determine the accuracy in estimating the thickness of the overburden covering the nickel ore body profile from lateritic nickel post-mining areas by magnetic susceptibility measurements to discrepancy the overall laterite horizon, whereas χLF and χFD are used to distinguish the overburden zona and limonite and saprolite zone. The lateritic profile studied consists of soil formation of Fe-rich material in the Morowali, and Pomalaa block. We also evaluated the chemical element content of the soil and understood the relationship between the magnetic and geochemical properties of the soil. This study reveals the superparamagnetic (SP)-enriched soils indicated with the increase of the FD% values into the upward horizon, where the maximum values of FD are generally found at ranges 1 to 4m, indicating the overburden layers. Meanwhile, in the depth of 4m to 6m, the values of FD vary only slightly in the lower part initiated by the limonite layers, and then > 6m decreases sharply to the bottom, indicating the saprolite layers. The chemical element mobility trends indicate that Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, and Ti increase toward the layers, which is the same pattern as in FD. Due to this, parameters magnetics may also be a new geophysical approach for estimating the distribution of economically valued minerals on lateritic soils. The strong correlation of Co with Fe, Mn, and Cr in all layers indicates the influence of weathering o n these ultramafic rocks. This suggests an increasing trend toward prolonged pedogenesis.

This study analyses the success of Collaborative Governance in the Construction of Phase I Permanent Residential in the Tondo sub-district after the Earthquake, Tsunami, and Liquefaction on September 28 2018, in Palu City. This research used qualitative methods by collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out in the stages of data collection, condensation, display, and conclusion. The theory applied was the Collaborative Governance Model from 1) Face-to-face dialogue, 2) Trust Building, 3) Commitment to process, 4) shared understanding, and 5) Intermediate Outcomes. The result showed that from the theoretical aspect, the triumph achieved in collaborative governance of permanent housing was because, since the beginning of the direct conversation, an agreement on the division of authority had been reached, wherein the Provincial Nasional Disaster Management Agency (NDMA) prepared the land for the project, the Palu City NDMA was responsible for providing the infrastructure, and the Tzu Chi Buddhist Foundation has the competence to build the constant home. The accomplishment of establishing this initial covenant was followed up well, along with the consistency toward trust building, commitment to the process, and shared understanding to attain good intermediate outcomes.

Indonesia has low Industry 4.0 (I4.0) readiness in ASEAN and has the INDI 4.0 Instrument (Indonesia Industry 4.0 Readiness Index), which is less comprehensive and accurate. An Initial survey confirmed that only 56.86% of respondents agreed that INDI 4.0 accurately measures readiness in the manufacturing industry. Unlike primary I4.0 indices, INDI 4.0 lacks comprehensive Industry 4.0 dimensions and characteristics, as many literature and other indices cover. This study aims to identify weaknesses and strengths of major I4.0 indices by comparing them to enhance INDI 4.0. This paper identified gaps in existing major I4.0 indices by scoping review method. However, each index contributes to increasing practicality, fulfilling latent needs, and expanding complementary perspectives in measuring readiness and adoption of I4.0 based on studies, viewpoints, uniqueness, and views of each. This study offered a more comprehensive perspective, especially from developing countries like Indonesia, with industries struggling to adopt I4.0 to fill loopholes in existing major indices that are generally from developed countries, so most companies in their study have advanced or implemented I4.0 and are too focused and too oriented on technology. The findings from this paper are expected to contribute to industry, practitioners, and academicians in increasing accuracy when measuring readiness toward adopting I4.0.

This study aims to investigate the effect of developing curriculum components on upgrading the students’ English acquisition in State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Sorong, Southwest Papua Province Indonesia. Developing curriculum components presented goals, contents, approaches, methods, and evaluation precisely is to know the students’ English acquisition covering vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. The sample size for this study comprises 72 students consisting of 36 students from Class A and 36 others from Class B, representing the experimental group and a control group. Those groups were selected based ona partitional clustering method. An experimental design was employed to conduct the study, which involved gathering quantitative data from the pre-test and post-test. It was to obtain the students’ English acquisition achievements. To analyze the collected data, SPSS is used for a precise and efficient process of the various necessary outputs describing meaningful conclusions. The pre-test findings conclude no significant difference in students’ achievement before treatment.After treatment, the post-test found the t-value was greater than t-table (t-value 4.690 t-table 2.000). This data strongly indicates a positive impact of developing curriculum components to improve students’ acquisition of English elements for the experimental group. This means the study summarized and emphasized the development of curriculum components precisely, structurally, systematically, and professionally for the teachers to upgrade their students’ acquisition of English elements significantly.

Pile-supported embankments have been recognized as long-standing solutions for construction in compressible soft soils. Instead of improving the physical and mechanical properties of the soft soil, this method emphasizes efforts to transfer the embankment load to a competent layer below the compressible layer. Mortar column inclusion (inklusi kolom mortar or IKM) is recognized as one of the rigid inclusions in a pile-supported embankment. The IKM combined with a load transfer platform (LTP) has been widely utilized to support embankments. Studies on pile-supported embankments have generally focused on the arching mechanisms and geotextile tensile force evaluations; however, most of these investigations were conducted on soft cohesive soils. The application of pile-supported embankment on peat has rarely been studied comprehensively. This study presents a full-scale trial embankment on peat in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The 8-m-high trial embankment was supported by a series of IKM piles and a geotextile-reinforced LTP layer; instruments were then installed in the embankment, ground, LTP, geotextile, and IKM. These instruments included a series of vibrating wire earth pressure cells, vibrating wire strain gages, fiber optic sensors, vibrating wire piezometers, settlement profilers, settlement plates, and inclinometers. The instruments provided observations on the ground movements, IKM displacements, and stresses in the materials. Comprehensive evaluations from field monitoring allowed study of load transfer via the arching mechanism, deformation pattern, and IKM performance in peat. Finite element analyses (FEAs) were also conducted for comparison and verification. The field monitoring results and FEAs showed good agreement, thereby demonstrating the potential of the proposed ground improvement method for embankment construction on peat.

Nickel is an important main resource mineral in Southeast Sulawesi, which has deposited around 97.4 billion tons, and undoubtedly, nickel exports emerged in national and regional economic growth. Mining activities were carried out through topsoil and subsoil stripping, resulting in damage to the soil ecosystem and making it difficult for soil to recover. A study was performed to evaluate the changes in soil chemical properties and the growth of patchouli (Pogestemon cablin Benth) on nickel-mined soil treated with rice husk charcoal (RHC). A randomized block design was applied in this study, including six treatments of RHC with three replications. The treatments were without RHC (control), 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, 6%, and 7.5% of soil weight. Data were analyzed descriptively for soil chemical properties; meanwhile, ANOVA was applied for plant growth. The results revealed that RHC increased soil pH, organic C, CEC, and available P, and conversely, the application of 4.5% of RHC decreased soil Ni and Fe content by 65.43% and 40.47%, respectively. The application of RHC up to 6% increased significantly the plant height and number of leaves as well as the dry weight of patchouli. The present study concluded that the use of carbon-rich soil conditioners such as rice husk charcoal is an imperative measure to restore the nickel-mined soil.

The goal of this study is to ascertain how religious moderation is being strengthened at the Pesantren Bany Syafii (PBS), which is situated in the center of a residential neighborhood in the city of Cilegon. Data for this qualitative study were gathered through observation, documentation, and interviews. The findings demonstrated that PBS had implemented religious moderation for students through the teaching of the kitab kuning supported by regular rituals like group prayer, recitation of the book, discussions, jam'iyah, and mutual assistance as well as the involvement of the students in extracurricular activities. Aside from that, santri are trained to respect everyone surrounding the boarding school, regardless of their differing religious beliefs. So, This learning on religious tolerance is complementary.

Abstract Background Indonesia implemented one of the world’s largest single-payer national health insurance schemes (the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional or JKN) in 2014. This study aims to assess the incidence of catastrophic health spending (CHS) and its determinants and trends between 2018 and 2019 by which time JKN enrolment coverage exceeded 80%. Methods This study analysed data collected from a two-round cross-sectional household survey conducted in ten provinces of Indonesia in February–April 2018 and August–October 2019. The incidence of CHS was defined as the proportion of households with out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending exceeding 10% of household consumption expenditure. Chi-squared tests were used to compare the incidences of CHS across subgroups for each household characteristic. Logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with incurring CHS and the trend over time. Sensitivity analyses assessing the incidence of CHS based on a higher threshold of 25% of total household expenditure were conducted. Results The overall incidence of CHS at the 10% threshold fell from 7.9% to 2018 to 4.4% in 2019. The logistic regression models showed that households with JKN membership experienced significantly lower incidence of CHS compared to households without insurance coverage in both years. The poorest households were more likely to incur CHS compared to households in other wealth quintiles. Other predictors of incurring CHS included living in rural areas and visiting private health facilities. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the overall incidence of CHS decreased in Indonesia between 2018 and 2019. OOP payments for health care and the risk of CHS still loom high among JKN members and among the lowest income households. More needs to be done to further contain OOP payments and further research is needed to investigate whether CHS pushes households below the poverty line.

Introduction In Indonesia, a country with around 280 million people and the second-highest tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate in the world, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB care needs careful assessment so that future response strategies can be strengthened. We conducted a study comparing TB testing and treatment rates before and during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, and the reasons for any disruptions to care.Methods We conducted retrospective secondary data analysis and qualitative interviews in Yogyakarta and Bandung, Indonesia. Routine data on TB testing and treatment were sourced from the national TB information system operated by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. TB testing and treatment outcomes were compared between two time periods: pre-COVID (2018–19); and during COVID-19 (2020–21). In-depth interviews were conducted with patients and health workers to explore their experiences in accessing and providing TB services during the pandemic.Results There was a 45% (21 937/39 962) reduction in the number of patients tested for TB during the pandemic compared with pre-COVID-19, while the proportion of TB tests returning a positive result increased from 12% (4733/39 962) to 50% (10 945/21 937). The proportion of TB patients completing treatment increased by 2.6% during the pandemic, yet the proportion cured and the number of patients successfully treated both decreased (by 7% and 4.4%, respectively). Our qualitative interviews highlighted several factors influencing TB service access and delivery, including fear of being diagnosed with COVID-19 during TB-related clinic visits, fear of COVID-19 exposure among patients and health workers, healthcare facilities prioritising COVID-19 over other services, and mandatory mobility restrictions affecting both patients and health workers.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic impacted TB testing and treatment outcomes in Bandung and Yogyakarta. Policymakers should consider these findings in designing strategies to ensure TB services are maintained and supported during future health crises.

Women are known to be particularly susceptible to mental health issues, which can have a detrimental impact on various aspects of their lives, including physical, psychological, and social well-being. To enhance their quality of life, it is crucial to identify protective factors such as religiosity and psychological immune. Therefore, this research explored the relationship between religiosity, psychological immune system, and married women’s quality of life. The research employed a quantitative correlational approach, with data collected from 207 married women aged 22-63 years who identified as Muslims using the convenience sampling method. Based on SEM Partial Least Square analysis, it was concluded that religiosity indirectly affects quality of life through psychological immune system with a t value of 4.722 (p = .000) and a total effect t value of 2.803 (p = .003). Increasing religiosity is important in improving psychological immune system to improve quality of life.

Abstract Malaysia is one of the top exporters of palm oil, and although currently facing fierce resistance towards palm oil imports in some parts of the globe, one of the ways to utilize this commodity is by increasing palm biodiesel content in local commercial diesel. However, due to the oxygen-rich nature of biodiesel, its utilization suffers from increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission compared to conventional diesel. To mitigate this issue and improve diesel engine performance and emissions using biodiesel–diesel blends, this study attempted to investigate implementation of a real-time non-surfactant emulsion fuel supply system (RTES) which produces water-in-diesel emulsion as fuel without surfactants. NOx reducing capability of water-in-diesel produced by RTES has been well documented. Therefore, in this study, 30% biodiesel–diesel (B30) was used as the base fuel while B30-derived emulsions consisting of 10 wt%, 15 wt% and 20 wt% water content were supplied into a 100 kVA, 5.9-L common rail turbocharged diesel engine electric generator. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions were measured and compared with commercially available Malaysian low grade diesel fuel (D2M). Evidence suggested that emulsified B30 biodiesel–diesel produced by RTES was able to increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) up to a maximum of 36% and reduce brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) up to 8.70%. Furthermore, B30 biodiesel–diesel emulsions produced significantly less NOx, carbon monoxide and smoke at high engine load. In conclusion, B30 biodiesel–diesel emulsions can be readily utilized in current diesel engines without compromising on performance and emissions.

Bangun ruang lingkaran merupakan salah satu bentuk bangun ruang yang sering digunakan dalam aplikasi teknik dan industri, sepeti pada mesin turbin, pompa dan perpipaan. Saat benda yang berbentuk linkaran bergerak didalam aliran fluida, maka akan mengalami gaya hambat atau drag yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerjanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variasi kecepatan aliran fluida terhadap nilai koefisien drag pada bangun ruang lingkaran sesuai dengan standar ASME PTC 16. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan model skala yang terbuat dari bahan kayu berbentuk lingkaran dengan diameter 6 cm dan panjang 20,5 cm. Pengujian dilakukan di laboratorium mekanika fluida dengan menggunakan alat wind tunnel pada variasi kecepatan aliran fluida 30 m/s dan 40 m/s dan dilakukan simulasi dengan menggunakan aplikasi Ansys. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nilai koefisien drag meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan kecepatan aliran fluida. Tekanan terukur yang dihasilkan pada kecepatan aliran fluida 30 m/s pada menit ke 20 sebesar 2,8 mmH2O sedangkan pada kecepatan aliran fluida 40 m/s sebesar 5,2 mmH2O. Distribusi kecepatan fluida pada permukaan lingkaran menunjukkan bahwa adanya turbulensi pada kecepatan aliran fluida yang tinggi. Olehnya itu semakin tinggi kecepatan aliran fluida maka semakin besar kemungkinan terjadinya turbulensi.

Vendor selection is a strategic activity in order to support the achievement of the company`s success and competitiveness. Significantly, the company has some specific standards in the selection. Therefore, evaluation is needed to see which vendors match the company's criteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and select the proposed vendor in a decision support system using the AHP and TOPSIS approaches. The AHP method is used to determine the importance of the criteria, while the TOPSIS method is used to rank alternatives. The results show that Provider 1 has the highest score compared to other alternatives with a value of 0.852. Sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed AHP and TOPSIS methods are robust, suitable for this problem, and have a low rate of change.

This study aims to identify mathematical material that is considered difficult at the Junior High School level class VIII. This research used a descriptive method with interview techniques. Needs analysis was carried out to experts, namely senior teachers in 4 cities in Indonesia, namely Pekanbaru, Jakarta, Cirebon, and Yogyakarta. Based on the results of the needs analysis, it was found that there are at least three materials that are difficult for students to master, namely straight-line equations, building flat-side spaces, and opportunities. This is expected to provide inspiration and further research opportunities, namely research aimed at the development of learning tools, including learning methods, learning media, and learning evaluation tools, so that materials that are considered difficult can be resolved immediately and students can master them well

Nowadays, water faucets play an important role in controlling water flow. Besides that, faucets are generally moved manually by every human activity by turning or moving the faucet up or down. This manual faucet system has weaknesses, namely water wastage and easily damaged faucets. The use of automatic faucets in public facilities can minimize waste their use because generally people often forget to close the faucet again. Besides, using Arduino-based automatic water faucets can reduce the transmission of Covid 19 for the community, especially during the current pandemic. This activity aims to design Arduino-based automatic water faucets at public facilities to reduce the spread and transmission of COVID-19, especially in the Girimekar Village area, Bandung Regency. The target of this activity is youth and cadets in the area. The implementation of the Arduino-Based Automatic Water Faucet design in training resulted in a prototype unit of Arduino-based automatic water faucet using the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 as detection and use of an electric solenoid valve as a form of direct water control.

Mau Ern Poh,1 Soon Hin How,2,3 Gwo Fuang Ho,4 Yong Kek Pang,1 Harissa H Hasbullah,5,6 Lye Mun Tho,7 Ibtisam Muhamad Nor,6 Bee Chiu Lim,3 Kean Fatt Ho,8 Muthukkumaran Thiagarajan,6 Azlina Samsudin,9 Azza Omar,10 Choo Khoon Ong,11 Sing Yang Soon,12 Justin Yu Kuan Tan,9 Muhammad Adil Zainal Abidin2 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; 3Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; 4Clinical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 5Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; 6Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, General Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 7Department of Clinical Oncology, Beacon Hospital, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; 8Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital, Tanjong Bungah, Penang, Malaysia; 9Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; 10Respiratory Unit, Medical Department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; 11Gleneagles Penang, George Town, Penang, Malaysia; 12Sarawak Heart Centre, Kuching, Sarawak, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Mau Ern Poh, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia, Tel +60-3-7841-4000, Email ernestpoh@gmail.comPurpose: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors are associated with good overall survival (OS) for ALK-positive metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, these treatments can be unavailable or limited by financial constraints in developing countries. Using data from a nationwide lung cancer registry, the present study aimed to identify treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of ALK-positive NSCLC in Malaysia.Methods: This retrospective study examined data of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC from 18 major hospitals (public, private, or university teaching hospitals) throughout Malaysia between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020 from the National Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgical Database (NCTSD). Data on baseline characteristics, treatments, radiological findings, and pathological findings were collected. Overall survival (OS) and time on treatment (TOT) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results: There were 1581 NSCLC patients in the NCTSD. Based on ALK gene-rearrangement test results, only 65 patients (4.1%) had ALK-positive advanced NSCLC. Of these 65 patients, 59 received standard-of-care treatment and were included in the analysis. Crizotinib was the most commonly prescribed ALK inhibitor, followed by alectinib and ceritinib. Patients on ALK inhibitors had better median OS (62 months for first-generation inhibitors, not reached at time of analysis for second-generation inhibitors) compared to chemotherapy (27 months), but this was not statistically significant (P=0.835) due to sample-size limitations. Patients who received ALK inhibitors as first-line therapy had significantly longer TOT (median of 11 months for first-generation inhibitors, not reached for second-generation inhibitors at the time of analysis) compared to chemotherapy (median of 2 months; P< 0.01).Conclusion: Patients on ALK inhibitors had longer median OS and significantly longer TOT compared to chemotherapy, suggesting long-term benefit.Keywords: ALK inhibitors, chemotherapy, ALK-positive, NSCLC

Abstract Objective Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) are main modalities for end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, and those have been covered by National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme since 2014 in Indonesia. This study aims to update the cost-effectiveness model of CAPD versus HD in Indonesia setting. Results Compared to HD, CAPD provides good value for money among ESRD patients in Indonesia. Using societal perspective, the total costs were IDR 1,348,612,118 (USD 95,504) and IDR 1,368,447,750 (USD 96,908), for CAPD and HD, respectively. The QALY was slightly different between two modalities, 4.79 for CAPD versus 4.22 for HD. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) yields savings of IDR 34,723,527/QALY (USD 2460).

High teacher commitment affects the maximum achievement of schools’ teaching and learning process. In this premise, this study aims to specify the direct and indirect effects of adversity quotient, organizational culture, and job satisfaction on teachers’ organizational commitment in state special schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. A quantitative research approach survey with data analysis using path analysis with the Smart Partial Least Square. Using qualified data r > 0.70 continued for analysis, the results showed a direct effect of adversity quotient and organizational culture on job satisfaction; adversity quotient, organizational culture, and job satisfaction on teachers’ organizational commitment. Furthermore, there was an indirect effect of adversity quotient and organizational culture through job satisfaction on teachers’ organizational commitment. Based on the findings, increasing adversity quotient, culture, and job satisfaction in organization will also increase special school teachers’ organizational commitment. The research findings recommends the government that recruiting new teachers should be equipped with an employment contract as a starting point of increasing job satisfaction.

Abstract Background Many countries implementing pro-poor reforms to expand subsidized health care, especially for the poor, recognize that high-quality healthcare, and not just access alone, is necessary to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. As the poor are more likely to use low quality health services, measures to improve access to health care need to emphasise quality as the cornerstone to achieving equity goals. Current methods to evaluate health systems financing equity fail to take into account measures of quality. This paper aims to provide a worked example of how to adapt a popular quantitative approach, Benefit Incidence Analysis (BIA), to incorporate a quality weighting into the computation of public subsidies for health care. Methods We used a dataset consisting of a sample of households surveyed in 10 provinces of Indonesia in early-2018. In parallel, a survey of public health facilities was conducted in the same geographical areas, and information about health facility infrastructure and basic equipment was collected. In each facility, an index of service readiness was computed as a measure of quality. Individuals who reported visiting a primary health care facility in the month before the interview were matched to their chosen facility. Standard BIA and an extended BIA that adjusts for service quality were conducted. Results Quality scores were relatively high across all facilities, with an average of 82%. Scores for basic equipment were highest, with an average score of 99% compared to essential medicines with an average score of 60%. Our findings from the quality-weighted BIA show that the distribution of subsidies for public primary health care facilities became less ‘pro-poor’ while private clinics became more ‘pro-rich’ after accounting for quality of care. Overall the distribution of subsidies became significantly pro-rich (CI = 0.037). Conclusions Routine collection of quality indicators that can be linked to individuals is needed to enable a comprehensive understanding of individuals’ pathways of care. From a policy perspective, accounting for quality of care in health financing assessment is crucial in a context where quality of care is a nationwide issue. In such a context, any health financing performance assessment is likely to be biased if quality is not accounted for.

Pertambahan penduduk sejatinya harus juga dibarengi dengan pertambahan jumlah produksi untuk menjaga agar kebutuhan pangan masyarakat tetap terjaga. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan maksud untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian lahan serta menentukan alternatif perencanaan penggunaan lahan untuk pengembangan tanaman jagung, ubi kayu dan kacang tanah di Kecamatan Poleang Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei bebas didasarkan pada unit lahan. Prosedur pelaksanaan survei tanah dilaksanakan dalam beberapa tahap meliputi tahap persiapan, tahap operasi lapangan dan tahap analisis sampel di laboratorium. Perencanaan penggunaan lahan dilakukan berdasarkan evaluasi kemampuan lahan dan besarnya bahaya erosi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan tanaman pangan di Kecamatan Poleang Timur Kabupaten Bombana sesuai untuk dikembangkan khususnya jagung seluas 5271,29 ha (78,04%), ubi kayu seluas 4872,34 ha (72,14%) dan kacang tanah seluas 5020,77 ha (74,33%). Alternatif arahan pengelolaan lahan untuk pengembangan tanaman pangan khususnya jagung, ubi kayu dan kacang tanah di Kecamatan Poleang Timur Kabupaten Bombana dilakukan pada tingkat sedang berupa pemupukan untuk faktor penghambat ketersediaan hara, penambahan bahan organik dan pengapuran untuk perbaikan faktor penghambat retensi hara, bahaya erosi diatasi dengan usaha konservasi tanah seperti penanaman sesuai kontur, pembuatan teras dan penanaman tanaman penutup tanah, pembuatan saluran irigasi/pengairan untuk penghambat ketersediaan air. Diharapkan dengan adanya penelitian ini mampu memberikan sumbangsih pemikiran dan sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk pemerintah daerah setempat dalam hal penyusunan kebijakan serta untuk masyarakat dalam usaha pengembangan tanaman pangan.

Monitoring plant growth is a crucial agricultural duty. In addition, the prevention of plant diseases is an essential component of the agricultural infrastructure. This technique must be automated to keep up with the rising food demand caused by increasing population expansion. This work evaluates this business, specifically the production of maize, which is a significant source of food worldwide. Ensure that Mazie's yields are not damaged is a crucial endeavour. Diseases affecting maize plants, such as Common Rust and Blight, are a significant production deterrent. To reduce waste and boost production and disease detection efficiencies, the automation of disease detection is a crucial strategy for the agricultural sector. The optimal solution is a self-diagnosing system that employs machine learning and computer vision to distinguish between damaged and healthy plants. The workflow for machine learning consists of data collection, data preprocessing, model selection, model training and testing, and evaluation.

Belief is the core of every religious teaching in advanced civilizations and remote indigenous communities. The existence and religious practice cannot be separated from the traditions that develop in the community. The interplay between religion and tradition is nearby. A qualitative approach was used to answer research questions related to (1) the relationship between religion and tradition in the Akit Tribe community and (2) to explain why this tradition is maintained. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with informants like tribal chiefs, traditional healers, midwives, community leaders, and members. The results show that the practice of belief in the Akit Tribe follows their ancestors, even though they adhere to one official religion, especially Islam. Religion for the Akit Tribe is not crucial, it is only a compliment. Thus, there is no problem if they have a different religion. Religion is only for administrative purposes, such as getting married and making identity cards. Traditions are still maintained due to the low level of education and lack of understanding of their religion, especially Islam. It makes a practice of acculturation in belief and creates syncretism.

Abstract Background Recent Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic shows that health system, particularly hospital care, takes the highest toll on COVID-19. As hospital gets to manage the surge of COVID-19 cases, it is important to standardize treatment standard and package for COVID-19. Until recently, in Indonesia, COVID-19 curative package in hospital is paid using a retrospective payment system (claims system) using a per-diem rate. Quantifying standard cost using an established retrospective claims dataset is important as a basis for standard formulation for COVID-19 package treatment, should COVID-19 be accommodated into the benefit package for Universal Health Coverage (UHC) under the National Health Insurance. Methods We estimated a standard cost for COVID-19 treatment using provider’s perspective. The analysis was conducted retrospectively using established national COVID-19 claims dataset during January 2020 until 2021. Utilizing individual-or-patient level analysis, claims profile were broken down per-patient, yielding descriptive clinical and care-related profile. Estimate of price and charge were measured in average. Moreover, indicators were regressed to the total charged price (in logarithmic scale) so as to find the predictors of cost. Results Based on the analysis of 102,065 total claims data received by MOH in 2020-2021, there is an average claim payment for COVID-19 in the amount of IDR 74,52 million (USD$ 5175). Significant difference exists in hospital tariffs or price to the existing claims data, indicating profit for hospital within its role in managing COVID-19 cases. Claim amount predictors were found to be associated with change of claim amount, including high level of severity, hospital class, intensive care room occupancy and ventilator usage, as well as mortality. Conclusion As COVID-19 pandemic shifts towards an endemic, countries including Indonesia need to reflect on the existing payment system and move towards a more sustainable payment mechanism for COVID-19. The COVID-19 payment system needs to be integrated into the existing national health insurance allowing bundled payment to become more sustainable, which can be achieved by comprehensively formulating the bundled payment package for COVID-19.

The shelf life of agricultural products is characterized by several quality parameters simultaneously. Estimating the shelf life using the multivariate accelerated shelf-life testing (MASLT) approach is expected to provide a more accurate shelf-life prediction. This research aims to examine the effect of temperature storage on lemon fruit quality and predict their shelf life with the MASLT approach. A total of 21 lemons for each treatment (storage temperatures) were washed and stored at 25, 35, and 45 °C. Changes in the quality of lemons were observed every day for 7 days, including moisture content, weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids, and color. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to simplify many experimental lemon quality parameters to form a new coordinate system with maximum variance through linear transformation to form a new coordinate system with maximum variance. The results showed that 91.3% of the variance of all observational data could be explained by the first principal component (PC1). Multivariate kinetics of quality parameter changes following a zero-order reaction. The plot of ln km against 1/T shows a multivariate activation energy value (Ea) of 62.99 kJ·mol−1 with a pre-exponential factor (k0) of 3.87 × 1010 PC1 score per day. The reaction acceleration factor (Q10) based on storage temperatures of 35 °C and 45 °C is 2.17. The results of the predicted shelf life at cold temperatures (10 °C) and room temperature (25 °C) were 60.0 days and 18.8 days, respectively.

Soon Hin How,1,2 Chong Kin Liam,3 Muhammad Adil Zainal Abidin,1 Harissa H Hasbullah,4,5 Lye Mun Tho,6 Gwo Fuang Ho,7 Ibtisam Muhamad Nor,5 Yong Kek Pang,3 Kean Fatt Ho,8 Muthukkumaran Thiagarajan,5 Roziana Ariffin,9 Azlina Samsudin,10 Azza Omar,11 Sin Nee Tan,2 Choo Khoon Ong,12 Sing Yang Soon,13 Mau Ern Poh3 1Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; 2Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; 3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; 5Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, General Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 6Department of Clinical Oncology, Beacon Hospital, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; 7Clinical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 8Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital, Penang, Malaysia; 9Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 10Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; 11Respiratory Unit, Medical Department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; 12Gleneagles Hospital, Penang, Malaysia; 13Sarawak Heart Centre, Kuching, Sarawak, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Mau Ern Poh, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia, Tel +60 3 7949 4422, Email ernestpoh@gmail.comBackground: Although first- and second-generation EGFR TKIs are considered first-line treatment in EGFRm+ NSCLC, most patients develop resistance and progress, commonly, EGFR T790M mutation. The third-generation EGFR-TKI has demonstrated efficacy in patients with progressive disease harboring the T790M mutation and in the first-line setting, bypassing this mode of resistance. The primary objectives of this study are to describe the proportion of EGFRm+ NSCLC patients treated with first-, second- and third-generation EGFR TKIs, and cytotoxic chemotherapy in the first-line setting, and the time on treatment for each category. Secondary objectives are to determine the dropout rate, the rates for T790M mutation testing at disease progression and the type of subsequent treatment.Methods: This multicenter retrospective study utilized data from the Malaysian Lung Cancer Registry that actively registers all lung cancer patients ≥ 18 years, with primary lung cancer confirmed histologically or cytologically. All patients diagnosed with advanced stages (ie stages IIIB, IIIC and IV) EGFRm+ NSCLC from 1st of January 2015 to 31st December 2019 were included.Results: Of 406 patients with EGFRm+ NCSLC, 351 were treated. Types of first-line treatment were as follows: EGFR-TKIs (first generation – 54.1%, second generation – 25.6% and third-generation – 12.5%) and chemotherapy (7.7%). The median time of treatment for each generation of EGFR-TKI was 12 months, 12 months and 24 months, and 2 months for chemotherapy. The dropout rate was 28.7% (n = 101). Nearly half (49.4%) of patients who were on first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI had further genetic testing via liquid or tissue biopsies upon disease progression. About 24.9% of those who developed disease progression after first- or second-generation EGFR TKI were started on a third-generation EGFR TKI.Conclusion: In the real-world, the management of EGFRm+ advanced NSCLC patients in an Asian cost-restrictive setting may adversely affect the choice of first-line therapy, time on each line of treatment and subsequently the overall survival of patients.Keywords: tyrosine kinase inhibitors, lung cancer, time on treatment, overall survival

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh, pada era globalisasi sekarang musik semakin lama semakin modern sehingga banyak calon guru sekolah dasar Universitas Riau yang melupakan musik-musik tradisional, sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk menganilisis pengetahuan mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Riau periode 2017-2019 terhadap alat musik tradisional Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 358 mahasiswa di PGSD Universitas Riau. Instrument yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes tertulis yang terdiri dari soal objektif sebanyak 25 butir soal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa mahasiswa yang mendapatkan kategori baik sekali sebanyak 92.73%. Pada kategori baik sebanyak 79.25%. Pada kategori cukup sebanyak 63.92%. Pada kategori kurang sebanyak 34.73%. Umumnya pengetahuan mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Riau berada pada kategori baik dengan nilai rata-rata 72.93.

This study aims to analyze the meaning of aesthetic code in the animated film "Si Uma." The animated film "Si Uma" needs to be investigated because the reanimated film shows Balinese culture's beauty and has a unique character shape. Visualization of Balinese culture in this animated film contains a meaningful message for the life of the universe hitch conveyed through the form of code. The problem is what is the meaning of the Balinese aesthetic code represented in the animated film "Si Uma." The method used in this research is qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique of determining the source of data in this study is the Snowball sampling technique. Data sources were collected through interviews with Ida Bagus Surya Manuba, I Nyoman Suci Rasika, and Gede Pasek Putra Adnyana Yasa. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing based on Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory and Roland Barthes' postmodern aesthetic code. The results of this study indicate that the aesthetic code in the animated film "Si Uma" in the form of a semantic code is associated with a black and white patterned fabric sign (poleng) which contains the meaning of life balance in the universe; the cultural code is associated with a headband (udeng) containing meaning to concentrate thoughts or views (concentration) in every activity in Bali. In conclusion, the meaning of the aesthetic code in the animated film "Si Uma" is seen from two perspectives such as the semantic code in the form of Poleng Cloth is ideological containing the meaning of balance in life in the universe; cultural code in the form of a headband (udeng)is connotative which means to focus attention/thought, aesthetic, and cultural identity in worship and daily activities

Salafi da’wah has recently spread rapidly to various regions in Indonesia. The presence of salafi da’wah in various regions does not often lead to conflict as a result of the da’wah method used. Unlike the case in Riau, especially Pekanbaru, in the last decade salafi da’wah has gained a place in the hearts of the people so that it has experienced a rapid increase. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that led to the acceptance of salafi da’wah in Pekanbaru society. This paper uses a qualitative method based on a series of interviews with 15 informants. Informants were selected based on the purpose of this paper. This study found that the acceptance of the salafi manḥaj in Pekanbaru society was caused by internal factors and external factors. Internal factors consist of salafi da’wah which aims to carry out Islamic teachings in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah, and the profile of salafi ustadz (Islamic scholar or preacher) who carry out da’wah. Meanwhile, external factors consist of Islamic values contained in Islamic Malay culture and the character of the Islamic Malay society which is open to differences. The form of salafism da’wah that accelerated the development of this manḥaj was in establishing mosques as Quran study centers, establishing Islamic educational institutions, and developing economic activity through herbal sales centers and ṭibbun nabawi. This study cannot make generalizations; therefore, it is recommended that a comparative study be conducted with other regions that have the same character.

Abstract Background This study analyzed current patterns of service use, referral, and expenditure regarding HIV care under the National Health Insurance Scheme (JKN) to identify opportunities to improve HIV treatment coverage. As of September 2020, an estimated 543,100 people in Indonesia were living with HIV, but only 352,670 (65%) were aware of their status, and only 139,585 (26%) were on treatment. Furthermore, only 27,917 (4.5%) viral load (VL) tests were performed. Indonesia seeks to broaden its HIV response. In doing so, it intends to replace declining donor-funding through better coverage of HIV/AIDS services by its JKN. Thus, this study aims to assess the current situation about HIV service coverage and expenditure under a domestic health-insurance funded scheme in Indonesia. Methods This study employs a quantitative method by way of a cross-sectional approach. The 2018 JKN claims data, drawn from a 1% sample that JKN annually produces, were analyzed. Nine hundred forty-five HIV patients out of 1,971,744 members were identified in the data sample and their claims record data at primary care and hospital levels were analyzed. Using ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems), 10 codes (i.e., B20, B21, B22, B23, and B24) that fall within the categories of HIV-related disease. For each level, patterns of service utilization by patient-health status, discharge status, severity level, and total cost per claim were analyzed. Results Most HIV patients (81%) who first seek care at the primary-care level are referred to hospitals. 72.5% of the HIV patients receive antiretroviral treatment (ART) through JKN; 22% at the primary care level; and 78% at hospitals. The referral rate from public primary-care facilities was almost double (45%) that of private providers (24%). The most common referral destination was higher-level hospitals: Class B 48%, and Class C 25%, followed by the lowest Class A at 3%. Because JKN pays hospitals for each inpatient admission, it was possible to estimate the cost of hospital care. Extrapolating the sample of hospital cases to the national level using the available weight score, it was estimated that JKN paid IDR 444 billion a year for HIV hospital services and a portion of capitation payment. Conclusion There was an underrepresentation of PLHIV (People Living with HIV) who had been covered by JKN as 25% of the total PLHIV on ART were able to attain access through other schemes. This study finding is principally aligned with other local research findings regarding a portion of PLHIV access and the preferred delivery channel. Moreover, the issue behind the underutilization of National Health Insurance services in Indonesia among PLHIV is similar to what was experienced in Vietnam in 2015. The 2015 Vietnam study showed that negative perception, the experience of using social health insurance as well as inaccurate information, may lead to the underutilization problem (Vietnam-Administration-HIV/AIDSControl, Social health insurance and people living with HIV in Vietnam: an assessment of enrollment in and use of social health insurance for the care and treatment of people living with HIV, 2015). Furthermore, the current research finding shows that 99% of the total estimated HIV expenditure occurred at the hospital. This indicates a potential inefficiency in the service delivery scheme that needs to be decentralized to a primary-care facility.

One of the company's efforts in implementing the commitment to customer satisfaction is carried out through continuous improvement activities. All indicators are evaluated to determine the level of quality stability against process variations that will impact non-compliance with predetermined product specifications. One of the quality problems found in the tire manufacture industry is the out-percentage of tire uniformity, which suddenly increases, one of which is the value of static balance. This study analyses the process variation factors that occur to take corrective and preventive actions through a series of Root Cause Analysis (RCA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Refers to the analysis result, it was found that there was a problem with the rubber film gauge variation at the manufacturing step of the steel breaker, one of the material components in the tire construction. Two main factors cause rubber film thickness variation: rubber sticky with roll calendar, Radial Run Out (RRO) Roll Calendar out standard, and viscosity compound variation with 12 root problems found. The results of the improvements that have been made can effectively improve rubber film thickness variation, increase the Cpk level of steel breaker material from 0.82 to 1.91 and reduce the out percentage ratio of static balance by 54.65%.

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan oleh Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Andalas Padang ini bekerja sama dengan mitrayaitu Pondok Pesantren Dr M Natsir di Batu Bagiriak Alahan Panjang, Kabupaten Solok, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Lokasi kegiatan pengabdian merupakan pondok pesantren yang mana di lingkungan sekitar kaya akan hasil pertanian dan perkebunan. Salah satu komoditi yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat sekitaran pondok pesantren adalah kentang. Tanaman kentang ditanam masyarakat di pinggiran kebun atau di pekarangan rumah, tanaman ini tumbuh subur dan berproduksi cukup tinggi di daerah ini. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra adalah 1) Umumnya kentang hanya dijual dalam bentuk mentah, pengolahan yang umum dilakukan masyarakat setempat hanya sekedar direbus atau digoreng saja dengan campuran dengan cabe merah, 2) Kurangnya pengetahuan anggota kelompok dalam aspek pengolahan berbagai macam produk olahan. Kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan oleh tim pengabdian masyarakat untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra adalah 1) Mengevaluasi kegiatan budidaya pertanian dan perkebunan yang ada dilokasi mitra, 2) Kegiatan penyuluhan pengolahan produk olahan dari kentanguntuk meningkatkan nilai jual produk dan ekonomi petani 3) Diversifikasi produk olahan dari kentang untuk meningkatkan umur simpan produk dengan pembuatan berbagai macam produk yaitu donat frozen, stik frozen, es krim, kulit kebab, dan minuman fungsional. Kegiatan ini berlangsung dengan baik dan lancar serta tingginya antusias peserta dalam mengikuti kegiatan ini terutama pada kegiatan pengolahan produk. Kegiatan ini diharapkan meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi usaha mitra,dan peningkatan pendapatan mitra. Kata Kunci: Batu Bagiriak Alahan Panjang, Pertanian, Kentang, Diversifikasi, Wirausaha

Abstract Background For many low and middle-income countries poor quality health care is now responsible for a greater number of deaths than insufficient access to care. This has in turn raised concerns around the distribution of quality of care in LMICs: do the poor have access to lower quality health care compared to the rich? The aim of this study is to investigate the extent of inequalities in the availability of quality health services across the Indonesian health system with a particular focus on differences between care delivered in the public and private sectors. Methods Using the Indonesian Family Life Survey (wave 5, 2015), 15,877 households in 312 communities were linked with a representative sample of both public and private health facilities available in the same communities. Quality of health facilities was assessed using both a facility service readiness score and a knowledge score constructed using clinical vignettes. Ordinary least squares regression models were used to investigate the determinants of quality in public and private health facilities. Results In both sectors, inequalities in both quality scores existed between major islands. In public facilities, inequalities in readiness scores persisted between rural and urban areas, and to a lesser extent between rich and poor communities. Conclusion In order to reach the ambitious stated goal of reaching Universal Health Coverage in Indonesia, priority should be given to redressing current inequalities in the quality of care.

Pricing products is an important factor to penetrate the Indonesian market successfully. Since Indonesia’s medical device products market has more than 90% import, local production companies must be competitive in price. The current pricing approach relies on the cost of sold goods, profit margin, and cost. Hence, a new pricing model is needed. The price from the new model must be better than the current price from the conventional pricing approach. The research aimed to formulate a pricing model for local medical device products that the market could accept and provide a framework model in local production pricing using investment feasibility analysis. The research used mathematical models, engineering economics, and pricing frameworks to optimize product prices from a local company (PT Enesser Mitra Berkah). The studied object was the domestic production of Anesthesia A8500. The research has several findings. First, the Break-Even Point (BEP) (X2) is an alternative standpoint to determine the price in a local production investment for medical device products. Second, the production company can consider the market price (X3). The research develops a simple mathematical model of X3 > Y2 = X2 + Ct > X1 (Y2 = new price, X1= cost of sold goods, Ct = profit and cost). The result provides the pricing framework model as a new approach for developing a medical device product price when the company initiates new local production.

Earthworms (Pheretima sp.) could survive under abiotic stress soil conditions. Furthermore, their activities as ecosystem engineers allow for the creation of soil biostructures with new characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the abundance of Pheretima sp. on the aggregate size, physicochemistry, and biology of the topsoil from the nickel mining area of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was carried out by first grouping their abundance into zero, two, four, six, and eight individuals per pot and then carrying out tests. The Pheretima sp. were then released onto the surface of the topsoil and mixed with biochar that was saturated with tap water in the pot overnight. The results showed that the abundance of the species had a significant effect on the size class distribution, and aggregate stability of the soil. Furthermore, the size of the soil aggregates formed was dominated by the size class 2.83 - 4.75 mm under both dry and wet conditions. Under dry conditions, three size classes were found, while under wet conditions, there were five size classes. The results also showed that the highest and lowest stability indexes occurred with zero and eight Pheretima sp., respectively. Furthermore, the abundance had a significant effect on pH, organic C, total N, CEC, and total nematodes. However, it had no significant effect on the total P, C/N ratio, total AMF spores, and flagellate. The highest soil pH occurred with zero Pheretima sp., while with six and two members of the species, the total nematode was at its highest and lowest populations, respectively. Therefore, it could be concluded that the species was able to create novel conditions in the topsoils at the nickel mining area that were suitable for various soil biota.

This research began with the issue that the implementation of Nagari governance in West Sumatra Province was not in accordance with the principles of good local governance based on the philosophy of local wisdom, particularly in the Minangkabau community. The purpose of this study is to explain the integration of local wisdom values, namely the leadership of the Tigo Tungku Sajarangan, the cooperation, and the consensus agreement in realizing the principles of good governance in the Nagari government in West Sumatra. The research was conducted in three villages, namely Nagari Limo Kaum in Tanah Datar Regency, Nagari Kamang Mudiak in Agam Regency, and Nagari Kayu Tanam in Padang Pariaman Regency. The data was collected using the methods of interview techniques, documentation studies, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The data validity test was carried out by source triangulation and method triangulation. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques through three stages, namely reduction and selection, interpretation, and inference. The results showed that the values of Tigo Tungku Sajarangan leadership, consensus agreement, and cooperation could be integrated into realizing the principles of good governance in the Nagari government in West Sumatra.

In February 2020, the Indonesian Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs noted that in the last four years, 81,686 cooperatives were dissolved, leaving 123,048 active cooperatives. This case is a huge challenge for the government to overcome. Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII) stated that the number of internet users in Indonesia reached 196.7 million in the middle of 2020. Meanwhile, data from Google & Temasek showed purchasing products via e-Commerce in Indonesia reached US$ 10.9 billion in 2017 and continuously increased in 2020. Most cooperatives in Indonesia run business conventionally with manual transactions, limited time, traditional logistics, and conventional membership administration. Nowadays, the institution with tens of thousands of members no longer effectively runs cooperative conventionally in a disruptive era. A conventional cooperative at a private university in Jakarta was observed in the study. There are tens of thousands of students and staff at the university. Three research questions arise, such as what can not be adequately solved in a traditional cooperative, what tools are used in digital cooperatives, and what shape can be used in the digital cooperative system model to solve issues. This study proposes a framework model in developing a digital cooperative to accommodate a huge amount of membership and enhance business scope. The research identified technology needed to overcome matters cannot be dealt with in a conventional cooperative. It provided a digital cooperative frameworks model that impacts value creation, value capture, and value delivery, especially in higher education.

This study aims to produce Islamic integrated science module teaching materials suitable for use in class III SDIT. This research is a development research that uses the ADDIE pattern (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Determination of the sample using purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques by observation, interviews, validation, documentation, and learning outcomes tests. The data analysis technique used descriptive and inferential analysis. The trials were carried out in 8 SDITs in Pekanbaru city, namely SD Islam Plus YLPI Pekanbaru, SDIT Bunayya Pekanbaru, SDIT Az-Zuhra Islamic School Pekanbaru, SDIT AL-Azhar Syifa Budi Pekanbaru, SDIT Al-Rasyid Pekanbaru, SDIT Insan Utama Pekanbaru, SDIT An- Namiroh Pekanbaru, and SDIT Al-Madinah Pekanbaru class III for the 2019/2020 academic year with 80 subjects. The results showed that the developed module met the very valid category based on the validity criteria according to the assessment of the learning validator, material expert, design expert, Islamic religious education expert and teacher. Student response to the teaching materials developed was very good. Thus it can be concluded that the integrated Islamic IPA module product on the Characteristics and Needs of Living Things for Class III SDIT has very good quality in terms of validity, effectiveness and attractiveness so that it is suitable for use in the learning process

Abstrak Pilkada NTB tahun 2018, media yang digunakan maskot yang bernama “Si Meton”. “Si Meton” sangat penting diteliti, karena diduga ada makna yang termuat melalui kode visualnya. Akan tetapi, makna dan kode tersebut belum tentu dipahami masyarakat NTB. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang apa makna di balik kode-kode desain karakter “Si Meton”. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk menganalisis makna melalui bahasa kode dalam “Si Meton”. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif interpretatif dengan landasan teori kode Rolands Barthes. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara kepada R. Fany Printi Ardi sebagai desainer “Si Meton”, Ahmad Badrul Ula, suku Sasak sekaligus akademisi dalam bidang seni budaya dan Supandri, suku Mbojo sekaligus pengamat media. Teknik analisis dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil yang dicapai berupa makna-makna pada desain karakter “Si Meton” dilihat melalui bahasa kode proairetik dan kode budaya. Kesimpulannya, makna dilihat berdasarkan kode proairetik, terlihat tinta biru pada jari kelingking tangan kanan serta tangan kiri karakter “Si Meton”yang memasukkan kertas kedalam kotak suara sebagai makna promosi. Sedangkan dalam kode budaya terdapat pada ikon menjangan dan simbol pakaian adat pria Suku Sasak yang sebagai makna pengendali. Kata Kunci: Desain Karakter, Kode, Makna, Maskot, Pilkada NTB, Si Meton Abstract NTB elections in 2018, the media used by the mascot named Si Meton. Si Meton is very important to research because it suspected that there was a meaning that comes through the visual code. However, the interpretation and code are not necessarily intelligible by the people of NTB. The problem in this research is about what is the meaning behind the "Si Meton" character design codes. The purpose of this study, to analyze the meaning through code language in Si Meton. The method used in this research is interpretative qualitative based on Rolands Barthes code theory. Data collection techniques performed through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data sources collected through interviews with R. Fany Printi Ardi as Si Meton designer, Ahmad Badrul Ula, Sasak tribe as well as academics in the field of arts and culture and Supandri, Mbojo tribe as well as media observers. The analysis technique performed through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results achieved in the form of meanings on the Si Meton character design seen through the language of Proairetic codes and cultural codes. In conclusion, the mean is seen based on the Proairetic code, visible blue ink on the little finger of the right hand and left hand of Meton character who put the paper into the ballot box as a promotional meaning. Whereas in the cultural code contained in the icon and the symbol of traditional clothing on Sasak tribe men as the controller meaning. Keywords: Character Design, Code, Mascot, Meaning, NTB Election, Si Meton

The study aims to determine the differences in field-independent cognitive styles with a dependent on students' mathematical problem solving abilities. This researcher uses a quantitative approach with a correlational survey method with factual exposure research types. The study population was the seventh grade students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Lombok Timur, amounting to 680. The sampling used was simple random sampling technique. The sampling technique uses percentage techniques. From a population of 680 people taken 10%, so the number of samples in this study was 68 people. The hypothesis analysis test used the t test with SPSS 22. The results showed that there was a difference between students' mathematical problem solving abilities in the group of students who had a field independent cognitive style and a group of students who had a field dependent cognitive style. the principal in recruiting students to enter the Madrasah Tsnawiyah, not only the value of the results of the National Primary School exam but rather the grouping of students based on independent and field dependent cognitive field styles

Governance quality measurement of an educational institution is one of the main factors that can impact on the image of the college and the student loyalty. This article aims to describe and analyze the student satisfaction level of the academic administration services of IAIN Kendari staff. The research sample amounted to 88 students from 752 population numbers. The research instruments were structured using a service satisfaction indicator which refers to the tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy aspects. The data were analyzed by using the Student Satisfaction Index analysis technique. The result of students’ satisfaction of academic agency activities was in satisfactory category. Besides, an interesting empirical finding in this research was the level of students’ satisfaction of the service positively correlates with the number of the employees. That is, the higher the number of employees, the higher the level of satisfaction of the service and vice versa. This indicates the need for the proportional distribution of academic administrative personnel in order to provide the more qualified academic service.

Introduction Social assistance programs create an income effect that allows lowincome groups to raise their consumption to improve their well-being. However, this may unintentionally induce an increase in their consumption of temptation goods, including tobacco. By analyzing five massive social assistance programs distributed by the government since 2007, we explore whether those programs may induce increased smoking intensity in Indonesia. Methods This study is a quantitative study that applies a Tobit regression, Differencein- Differences (DiD) regression, Difference regression, and two-sample t-test, using the 2017 Susenas (National Socioeconomic Survey) and the 2007 and 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey. Estimations using sociodemographic, regional, and social assistance dummy variables are used to explore the impact of the programs on the intensity of cigarette consumption in Indonesia, simultaneously assessing the relationship between cigarette consumption and socioeconomic conditions. Results Our estimations using Tobit regressions confirm that social assistance recipients consume 3.39 cigarettes per capita per week more than non-recipients. The DiD regressions on IFLS panel data show that social assistance programs significantly increase cigarette consumption by 2.8 cigarettes per capita per week. We also find that: 1) smokers have lower socioeconomic indicators than nonsmokers in terms of nutrition and health and education expenditures, and 2) younger household members living with smokers have less educational attainment and higher average sick days. Conclusions There is reasonable evidence to support the hypothesis that social assistance programs in Indonesia have contributed to the greater intensity of tobacco consumption among the recipients. The findings call for policy reforms in social assistance programs to be warier with the eligibility conditions for social assistance recipients. Adding new conditions related to smoking behaviors might reduce the smoking intensity of those in low-income groups and, in the long run, might improve the effectiveness of social assistance programs in raising the socioeconomic welfare of the low-income population.

Previous researcher explained that the catastrophic long-distance flow-slide in Palu city, in which the surface ground laterally deformed up to several kilometers after the earthquake in the gently ground inclination (1–5%), might be promoted by the inflow of confined aquifer or fault water. This paper aims to investigate the flow behavior characteristics of Toyoura sand and in-situ sand by employing water inflow shear tests with a constant shear stress in the triaxial apparatus and the modified torsional shear apparatus. Through this experiment, rapid-flow behavior can be observed on both materials, even at a low initial static shear stress. This behavior depends on the volumetric strain development characteristics, which are also correlated with the material's initial densities. The dense specimen showed this rapid flow state at a higher volumetric strain level than the loose specimen. Besides, the flow rate during the rapid flow state was also measured. This rate is affected by the material's initial densities as well as the initial static shear stress.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to conduct measurements of the of Indonesians in the National Health Insurance (JKN) in 2020-2021. Indonesia, as of now, implements a national health insurance service since 2014. It is expected that JKN will expand its coverage to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) in Indonesia. BPJS Kesehatan (BPJS-K) was appointed as the administrator of JKN and had experienced deficit until 2019. One of the weaknesses of JKN in revenue collection is the absence of cross subsidy and pegged contribution in certain level of income that makes the contribution very low for the rich and vice versa for the poor. this, the current study is to increase public awareness that JKN is a cross-subsidy between the rich and the poor in order to produce a more sustainable JKN, better healthcare coverage, and better quality. The methods used in the study are quantitative and qualitative analyses using expenditure data from SUSENAS (National Socio-Economic Survey) data in March 2021 and income analysis from SAKERNAS (National Labor Survey) data in March 2021 to measure the ability to contribute to JKN proportional to their spending and income. In this study several simulations were used to calculate potential contributions based on the percentile distribution of accumulated income levels and expenditure levels of the poorest (0%) and richest (100%). The result of this study shows that 75% of the population had the ability to contribute JKN above the class 3 (informal workers) percapita per month premium (Rp. 42,000,-), 40% of the population has the ability to contribute more than Rp. 100,000, - percapita per month (class 2 informal workers contribution), and the richest 10% of the population has the ability to contribute above Rp. 215,000, - percapita per month. The results of this study demonstrate that some people have the ability to contribute more to JKN, thus making JKN to have a better sustainable financial capacity. Keywords: ability-to-contribute; JKN; income level; spending; increasing rate Abstrak: Tujuan kajian ini adalah menghitung kemampuan mengiur (ability-to-contribute) penduduk Indonesia untuk Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) pada tahun 2020-2021. Indonesia mengimplementasikan sistem jaminan sosial sejak 2014 yang diharapkan ke depannya JKN tersebut akan lebih luas cakupannya untuk mencapai cakupan kesehatan semesta (Universal Health Coverage/UHC). Namun BPJS Kesehatan (BPJS-K) yang ditunjuk sebagai penyelenggara JKN masih mengalami defisit hingga pada tahun 2019. Salah satu kelemahan JKN dalam pengumpulan iuran adalah masih kurangnya subsidi silang dan kontribusi dipatok pada pendapatan tertentu membuat kontribusi sangat rendah bagi si kaya dan sebaliknya bagi si miskin. Maka kajian ini untuk meningkatkan kesadaran penduduk untuk meningkatkan kontribusinya ke JKN dengan subsisi silang antara si kaya dan si miskin agar dapat menciptakan JKN yang lebih berkesinambungan, cakupan kepesertaan yang lebih luas, dan perbaikan mutu layanan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan analisis pengeluaran menggunakan data SUSENAS (Survei Sosial-Ekonomi Nasional) Maret 2021 dan analisis pendapatan menggunakan data SAKERNAS (Survei Tenaga Kerja Nasional) Maret 2021 untuk mengukur kemampuan individu dalam membayar iuran JKN sebagai proporsi dari pengeluaran pendapatan mereka. Dalam kajian ini beberapa simulasi digunakan untuk menghitung kontribusi potensial berdasarkan persentil distribusi akumulasi tingkat pendapatan dan tingkat pengeluaran penduduk dari termiskin (0%) dan terkaya (100%). Hasil dari kajian ini adalah sebanyak 75% penduduk mempunyai lebih besar dari iuran peserta bukan penerima upah (PBPU) kelas 3 per orang per bulan (Rp. 42.000,-), 40% penduduk mempunyai kemampuan mengiur lebih besar dari Rp. 100.000,- per orang per bulan (setara iuran PBPU kelas 2 per orang per bulan), dan 10% penduduk terkaya mempunyai kemampuan mengiur lebih besar dari Rp. 215.000,- per orang per bulan. Dari hasil kajian ini ditemukan bahwa sebagian orang mempunyai kemampuan mengiur untuk berkontribusi lebih untuk JKN, sehingga JKN dapat mempunyai kapasitas keuangan berkelanjutan yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: kemampuan mengiur; iuran JKN; tingkat pendapatan; pengeluaran; kenaikan iuran

As a country surrounded by the ocean, Indonesia is categorized as a country that has marine potential. The fishermen communities’ economy depends on ocean. However, the fishermen communities live below the poverty line and their average income is less than regional minimum wage. In conjunction with the issue, this study seeks to investigate the factors affecting the income of fishermen communities and right decision to fishermen in covering with welfare insurance in Cirebon, Indonesia. The quantitative study is designed using cross-sectional approach. The data collected by applying random sampling with open-ended questions and interview. A total of 100 fishermen’s have participated in this study. The study used some factors in measuring the fishermen community income, namely coastal environment condition, fish catching technology and location, operational capital, climate (season) condition, fishermen’s age, fishermen’s education, and fishing experience. The data are analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression model by assisting the statistical software, i.e., SPSS-23. The results show that coastal environment condition, fish catching technology and location, operational capital, climate (season) condition, fishermen’s age, fishermen’s education, and fishing experience have significant effects on fishermen income. Interestingly, the factor of coastal environment condition and climate (season) condition have significant negative effects on fishermen income. In conclusion, this study identified that two important factors reduced the welfare level of fishermen (via income). Also, in line with that things, the right decision which can provide to support and assist the fishermen community was by providing the welfare insurance. It is purposely to give them the protection from various risks faced by fishermen.

This study focuses specifically on the effect of Entrepreneurial Values and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Financial Performance of Indonesian state-owned enterprise and also incorporates Environmental Dynamism (ED) and Resource Availability (RA) as moderating variables which will influence the effect of (i) Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on Financial Performance (FP), (ii) Entrepreneurial Values (EV) on Financial Performance (FP), and (iii) Entrepreneurial Values (EV) on Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO). In addition, this study also provides a better understanding about the effect of Financial Performance on Intention to Sustainable Development (ITS) as well as Financial Performance on Intention to Collaboration (ITC) in Indonesian state-owned enterprises. The method of analysis used in this study is PLS-SEM methodology with purposive sampling method. The unit of analysis is all the state-owned enterprises listed which consists of 81 out of 106 state-owned enterprises, while the unit of observation is individuals from those state-owned enterprises (represented by the paired CEO and CFO who are originated from the same company). The findings of this study are that there is a significantly positive effect of: (i) EV on EO; (ii) EO on FP; (iii) FP on ITS; and (iv) FP on ITC. Meanwhile, (i) there is not any significantly positive effect of EV on FP, and (ii) there is no significant moderating effect of ED and RA on the relationship between (1) EV and FP, (2) EO and FP, as well as (3) EV and EO.

Using a communication mediation model, the present study tested the influencing factor of social media utilization on the political engagement on social media. Through O-S-O-R model proposed by McLeod, Kosicki, and McLeod, this study tested the correlation between pre-exposure (motivation) – Stimulus (media social use) – post-exposure orientation (political efficacy) – Response (political engagement) in the context of Chinese youth of Singkawang. By analyzing the Pearson correlation and linear regression of 125 respondents collected through a questionnaire, this model resulted in several findings, for example, motivation had a relationship with the use of social media for political information purposes where social utility motives had a more significant effect than other motives. The use of political information media had an influence on an individual's internal and collective efficacy rather than external efficacy. Political efficacy generated by the use of social media had an influence on the political engagement of Singkawang Chinese youth even though external efficacy was deemed a negative predictor of political engagement.

Tujuan dari penelitian pengembangan ini adalah menghasilkan produk media pembelajaran yang dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran yang efektif bagi peserta didik yang dapat digunakan untuk belajar mandiri, sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN Sudimara Timur 5. Hasil review oleh ahli media terhadap seluruh aspek yang dinilai rata-rata uang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 3,71 yang berarti termasuk dalam kategori baik, oleh ahli materi diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 3,75 dengan kategori baik, serta oleh pengguna yaitu sebesar 4,625 juga termasuk kedalam kategori sangat baik. Sehingga diperoleh rata-rata keseluruhan hasil review ahli dan pengguna terhadap media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan yaitu sebesar 4,02 yang termasuk kedalam kategori baik. Berdasarkan hasil review oleh ahli tersebut maka media pembelajaran ini dinyatakan layak untuk diimplementasikan dalam proses belajar peserta didik secara mandiri