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Social media, like Twitter, is a data repository, and people exchange views on global issues like the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media has been shown to influence the low acceptance of vaccines. This work aims to identify public sentiments concerning the COVID-19 vaccines and better understand the individual's sensitivities and feelings that lead to achievement. This work proposes a method to analyze the opinion of an individual's tweet about the COVID-19 vaccines. This paper introduces a sigmoidal particle swarm optimization (SPSO) algorithm. First, the performance of SPSO is measured on a set of 12 benchmark problems, and later it is deployed for selecting optimal text features and categorizing sentiment. The proposed method uses TextBlob and VADER for sentiment analysis, CountVectorizer, and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) vectorizer for feature extraction, followed by SPSO-based feature selection. The Covid-19 vaccination tweets dataset was created and used for training, validating, and testing. The proposed approach outperformed considered algorithms in terms of accuracy. Additionally, we augmented the newly created dataset to make it balanced to increase performance. A classical support vector machine (SVM) gives better accuracy for the augmented dataset without a feature selection algorithm. It shows that augmentation improves the overall accuracy of tweet analysis. After the augmentation performance of PSO and SPSO is improved by almost 7% and 5%, respectively, it is observed that simple SVMwith 10-fold cross-validation significantly improved compared to the primary dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the recent boom in the corpus size of sentiment analysis tasks, automatic annotation is poised to be a necessary alternative to manual annotation for generating ground truth dataset labels. This article aims to investigate and validate the performance of two widely used lexicon-based automatic annotation approaches, TextBlob and Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER), by comparing them with manual annotation. The dataset of 5402 Arabic tweets was annotated manually, containing 3124 positive tweets, 1463 negative tweets, and 815 neutral tweets. The tweets were translated into English so that TextBlob and VADER could be used for their annotation. TextBlob and VADER automatically classified the tweets to positive, negative, and neutral sentiments and compared them with manual annotation. This study shows that automatic annotation cannot be trusted as the gold standard for annotation. In addition, the study discussed many drawbacks and limitations of automatic annotation using lexicon-based algorithms. The highest level of accuracies of 75% and 70% were achieved by TextBlob and VADER, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual Reality (VR) has made considerable gains in the consumer and professional markets. As VR has progressed as a technology, its overall usefulness for educational purposes has grown. On the other hand, the educational field struggles to keep up with the latest innovations, changing affordances, and pedagogical applications due to the rapid evolution of technology. Therefore, many have elaborated on the potential of virtual reality (VR) in learning. This research proposes a novel techniques customized curriculum for medical students and recommendations for their learning process based on deep learning techniques. Here the data has been collected based on the pre-historic performance of the student and their current requirement and these data have been created as a dataset. Then this has been processed for analysis based on CAD system integrated with deep learning techniques for creating a customized curriculum. Initially this data has been processed and analysed to remove missing and invalid data. Then these data were classified for creation of the curriculum using a gradient decision tree integrated with naïve Bayes. From this, the customized curriculum has been generated. Based on this customized curriculum, the learning approach recommendation has been carried out using the fuzzy rules integrated knowledge-based recommendation system. The experimental results of the proposed technique have been carried out with an accuracy of 98%, specificity of 82%, F-1 score of 79%, information overload of 75%, and precision of 81%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative study of Bayesian belief network structure learning algorithms with a view to identify a suitable algorithm for modeling the contextual relations among objects typically found in natural imagery. Four popular structure learning algorithms are compared: two constraint-based algorithms (PC proposed by Spirtes and Glymour and Fast Incremental Association Markov Blanket proposed by Yaramakala and Margaritis), a score-based algorithm (Hill Climbing as implemented by Daly), and a hybrid algorithm (Max-Min Hill Climbing proposed by Tsamardinos et al.). Contrary to the belief regarding the superiority of constraint-based approaches, our empirical results show that a score-based approach performs better on our context dataset in terms of prediction power and learning time. The hybrid algorithm could achieve similar prediction performance as the score-based approach, but requires longer time to learn the desired network. Another interesting fact the study has revealed is the existence of strong correspondence between the linear correlation pattern within the dataset and the edges found in the learned networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entire world is suffering from the post-COVID-19 crisis, and governments are facing problems concerning the provision of satisfactory food and services to their citizens through food supply chain systems. During pandemics, it is difficult to handle the demands of consumers, to overcome food production problems due to lockdowns, work with minimum manpower, follow import and export trade policies, and avoid transportation disruptions. This study aims to analyze the behavior of food imports in Saudi Arabia and how this pandemic and its resulting precautionary measures have affected the food supply chain. We performed a statistical analysis and extracted descriptive measures prior to applying hybrid statistical hypothesis tests to study the behavior of the food chain. The paired samples t-test was used to study differences while the independent samples t-test was used to study differences in means at the level of each item and country, followed by the comparison of means test in order to determine the difference and whether it is increasing or decreasing. According to the results, Saudi Arabia experienced significant effects on the number of items shipped and the countries that supplied these items. The paired samples t-test showed a change in the behavior of importing activities by—47% for items and countries. The independent t-test revealed that 24 item groups and 86 countries reflected significant differences in the mean between the two periods. However, the impact on 41 other countries was almost negligible. In addition, the comparison of means test found that 68% of item groups were significantly reduced and 24% were increased, while only 4% of the items remained the same. From a country perspective, 65% of countries showed a noticeable decrease and 16% a significant increase, while 19% remained the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]