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Mohammad Islamuddin,1,2 Abuzer Ali,3 Wajihul Hasan Khan,4 Amena Ali,5 Syed Kazim Hasan,1 Mohd Abdullah,6 Kentaro Kato,2 Malik Zainul Abdin,7 Shama Parveen1 1Molecular Virology Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India; 2Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; 3Microbiology Laboratory, Ansari Health Center, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India; 4Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; 5Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India; 6Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110026, IndiaCorrespondence: Mohammad Islamuddin; Shama Parveen, Email pdf.mislamuddin@jmi.ac.im; sparveen2@jmi.ac.inIntroduction: Chikungunya is caused by an alpha virus transmitted to humans by an infected mosquito. Infection is generally considered to be self-limiting and non-critical. Chikungunya infection may be diagnosed by severe joint pain with fever, but it is difficult to diagnose because the symptoms of chikungunya are common to many pathogens, including dengue fever. Diagnosis mainly depends on viral culture, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and IgM ELISA. Early and accurate diagnosis of the virus can be achieved by the application of PCR methods, but the high cost and the need for a thermal cycler restrict the use of such methods. On the other hand, antibody-based IgM ELISA is considered to be inexpensive, but antibodies against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) only develop after 4 days of infection, so it has limited application in the earlier diagnosis of viral infection and the management of patients. Because of these challenges, a simple antigen-based sensitive, specific, and rapid detection method is required for the early and accurate clinical diagnosis of chikungunya.Methods: The amino acid sequence of CHIKV ectodomain E1 and E2 proteins was analyzed using bioinformatics tools to determine the antigenic residues, particularly the B-cell epitopes and their characteristics. Recombinant E2-E1 CHIKV antigen was used for the development of polyclonal antibodies in hamsters and IgG was purified. Serological tests of 96 CHIKV patients were conducted by antigen-capture ELISA using primary antibodies raised against rCHIKV E2-E1 in hamsters and human anti-CHIKV antibodies.Results: We observed high specificity and sensitivity, of 100% and 95.8%, respectively, and these values demonstrate the efficiency of the test as a clinical diagnostic tool. There was no cross-reactivity with samples taken from dengue patients.Discussion: Our simple and sensitive sandwich ELISA for the early-phase detection of CHIKV infection may be used to improve the diagnosis of chikungunya.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: chikungunya, sandwich ELISA, recombinant E2-E1, B-cell epitopes, IgG, hamster antibodies

Production of a thin cold rolled sheet of high silicon electrical steel is industrially challenging as it is associated with the formation of different types of cracks. The present study investigates the role of microstructure, crystallographic texture, and analytical stress state on the formation of alligator crack and edge crack during cold rolling of Fe-3.78 wt. % Si electrical steel. Owing to high strain incompatibility, alligator crack initiates from shear bands, which develops during cold rolling. Furthermore, the large difference in Taylor factors of {111}⟨110⟩ and {001}⟨110⟩ oriented grains assisted the crack to follow the hot band interface. Stress analysis based on the finite element method indicates that minor tensile stress in the normal direction develops during the exit stage of cold rolling. This tensile stress has been found to be sufficient to cause cleavage fracture during the last step of alligatoring. The crack propagation is assisted by the large size and favorable orientation of θ-fiber (ND||⟨001⟩) textured grains. On the other hand, the finite element method-based analysis suggests that high tensile stress at the edges during steady state condition initiates the cleavage edge crack, which propagates inward along the transverse direction during the final exit stage. Intermediate annealing and hot band annealing were found to be effective in eliminating the formation of alligator crack and edge crack, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on effectiveness of entrepreneurship education by empirically assessing the role of university entrepreneurial education in entrepreneurship development and reporting the results. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative method was applied for this study. This research was preplanned and structured. Based on the previous literature, hypotheses have been developed. The sample is composed on the basis of a simple random sampling and consists of 200 students. The method of data collection was face-to-face interview with a self-administered questionnaire. The data were statistically interpreted using factor and regression analysis. Findings: The present paper explores and examines the factors and variables of different kinds of entrepreneurial education at the university level. Specifically, at first, this paper addresses the possible entrepreneurial education factors in terms of generalized, motivational, and augmented entrepreneurial education via comprehensive literature review. Second, the paper focuses on the relationship between entrepreneurial education at the university level and entrepreneurship development. The results of this study show a strong positive relationship between different kinds of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurship development. Practical implications: The implications of these findings are highly relevant to the universities, policy makers, practitioners, and relevant agencies in regard to their policy-setting process in the entrepreneurship development context. This is because entrepreneurship education at the university level has been recognized to have an impact on student, group, and society. This finding also improves the understanding of donors and development partners about the extent to which a quality entrepreneurship education can play a role in economic development. Wrong specification of research models has a significant impact on research outcome and may even mislead decision-setting process. Therefore, this paper encourages further research that examines the measurement model of these three kinds of entrepreneurial education for entrepreneurship development. Originality/value: This study provides a first step toward generalized, motivational, and augmented entrepreneurial education at the university level in Bangladesh.

Balanced chromosomal translocations that generate chimeric oncoproteins are considered to be initiating lesions in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. The most frequent is the t(15;17)(q22;q21), which fuses the PML and RARA genes, giving rise to acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). An increasing proportion of APL cases are therapy-related (t-APL), which develop following exposure to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapeutic agents that target DNA topoisomerase II (topoII), particularly mitoxantrone and epirubicin. To gain insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of the t(15;17) we mapped the translocation breakpoints in a series of t-APLs, which revealed significant clustering according to the nature of the drug exposure. Remarkably, in approximately half of t-APL cases arising following mitoxantrone treatment for breast cancer or multiple sclerosis, the chromosome 15 breakpoint fell within an 8-bp "hotspot" region in PML intron 6, which was confirmed to be a preferential site of topoII-mediated DNA cleavage induced by mitoxantrone. Chromosome 15 breakpoints falling outside the "hotspot", and the corresponding RARA breakpoints were also shown to be functional topoII cleavage sites. The observation that particular regions of the PML and RARA loci are susceptible to topoII-mediated DNA damage induced by epirubicin and mitoxantrone may underlie the propensity of these agents to cause APL.

Current research examines the impact of academic load of the students on parental stress, anxiety and depression levels. The non-probability convenient sampling technique has been used to collect data from 200 participants. Parents were willing to provide information about the school where their children are studying. All the respondents were selected from the parents of the 5th Grade students of Missionaries Schools, Private Schools and Government Primary Schools. All the participants belong to middle class, higher class and lower class as economic status; also make a category according to their gender, monthly income and educational of the parents. Parents of the students were used a modified questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale. This study used questionnaire method to examine the link between stress, anxiety and depression of parents in relation to academic load of student. It was confirmed that academic load of their child and family stress leads to depression among parents, negatively affecting their mental health. This research provides valuable information to parents, educators and other stakeholders concerned about their children's education and performance on school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is considered a fundamental factor, and plays a role in public health and economic growth. Therefore, it should be free of all kinds of microorganisms, and chemical substances that are dangerous to fauna and flora. Insufficient water supply is one of the issues confronting Middle Eastern countries, and Lebanon becomes a typical example. This study aims to evaluate the basic physical, chemical, and microbiological water properties for eight distinct sites, in southeastern Lebanon, identified during the coronavirus pandemic, as the worst economic situation to hit Lebanon began. These tests were carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results were utilized to assess the level of environmental pollution. A comparison was made between the obtained results with other studies: Lebanon southwest and the northwest region of Jordan Valley. The novelty of this study stems from the fact that it is the first to shed light on the degree of pollution level and the lack of environmental education for water conservation and water pollution prevention in this unstudied area, and compares the results locally and regionally. In addition, the obtained results indicate the impact of the Coronavirus on the behavior of the habitants in this region. HIGHLIGHTS Check the importance of habitat education in saving water and reducing its pollution to prevent losses at different levels (human life and economic way).; Encourage the researches to take into consideration such catastrophic situations and ensure water purification worldwide.; Study the effect of Coronavirus on the behavior of people in the same country and in the same region during the Corona pandemic.;