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Waterlogging is a major constraint of mungbean production in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and can cause a significant yield loss. The study evaluated 100 mungbean genotypes for tolerance to waterlogging employing rigorous field screening procedures. Three-week-old seedlings of 100 mungbean genotypes were subjected to waterlogging for 3 days maintaining a waterlogging depth of 2.5 cm. Waterlogging tolerance was evaluated during the periods of recovery and final harvest considering relative performance (values of waterlogging relative to non-waterlogging controls) of 18 plant traits. All the genotypes showed a wide range of variation in relative values. Some genotypes subjected to waterlogging produced plenty of adventitious roots that contributed to foliage development and chlorophyll increment, which resulted in better shoot growth, and eventually yield of mungbean increased. Nine plant traits highly associated in waterlogged conditions were used in cluster analysis. The genotypes within cluster 6 and cluster 7 performed better regarding almost all plant traits whereas cluster 4 performed very poorly. Discriminant function analysis showed that function 1 and function 2 explained 54.5% and 32.2%, respectively and altogether 86.7% variation in the genotypes. The harvest index and straw dry matter mostly explained the total variance in function 1. Dry matter of root, shoot and straw explained the maximum variance in function 2. Root dry matter played the most dominant role in explaining the maximum variance in the genotypes. The genotypes IPSA-10 and VC 6379 (23-11) showed a better degree of tolerance to waterlogging concerning yield and associated morpho-physiological traits.

Husk tomatoes are used in salsa and traditional medicine to alleviate illnesses. Market demand requires husk tomato varieties with improved agronomic and physicochemical health benefits. Mutagen application alters plant genomes, creating new traits and genetic diversity. The efficacy of EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) was examined for morphology, bioactive compounds, and phytochemical improvement. Three husk tomato genotypes representing Physalis philadelphica and Physalis ixocarpa underwent two hours of 1.4% EMS. In addition to yield and yield-related properties, total phenol, antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a and b levels in leaves and fruits, and phytochemical concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and K in fruits were measured. Genotype-dependent morphological changes were found. The mutants C1T6 (85 cm) and C1T7 (87.60 cm) were shorter than Control C1 (102 cm). The highest yield was 5.80 g for C1T5; Control C1 produced 3.08. The mutant C2T6 produced the most (5.99 g) compared to its control (2.85 g). Mutants had higher total phenol, antioxidant activity, and leaf/fruit chlorophyll. C1T2 had the highest antioxidant activity (1.19 ng/µL). C2T1 outperformed Control C2 at 1.54 ng/µL phenolic content. C3T2 had the highest Ca content (1822 µg/g), while Control C3 had 861.20 µg/g. Mutations altered phytochemical composition, which can be used to generate nutritionally superior husk tomato varieties. Additionally, scientists will be able to study mutants with advantageous morphological and biochemical traits, enabling extensive research. Furthermore, the mutants will serve as a genetic repository for the progression of breeding procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore the prospects of integrating simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite marker data into a geographical information system to anticipate spatial distribution of allelic diversity of wild date palms in Bangladesh. The genetic diversity, spatial distribution, and population structure were assessed in 38 genotypes of wild date palms using 12 SSR primer pairs. A total of 67 alleles were counted ranging from 4 (KSU-PDL74) to 8 (MPdCIR070). Major allele frequency was in the range of 0.26 (MPdCIR032) to 0.89 (KSU-PDL74), polymorphic information content ranged from 0.18 (KSU-PDL74) to 0.75 (MPdCIR032), and gene diversity ranged from 0.19 (KSU-PDL74) to 0.77 (MPdCIR032). Three major clusters were formed by the unrooted tree grouping. The population structure divided 38 genotypes into six populations. Population 1 and Population 2 each contained seven pure genotypes while Populations 3, 4, 5, and 6 contained 6, 4, 3, and 3 pure genotypes, respectively. The remaining eight genotypes were admixtures. The pairwise Fst estimate among sub-groups indicated that the six populations are undoubtedly different from each other. The date palm genotypes of Amtoli, Doshmina, and Kuakata in coastal Bangladesh contained the highest allelic diversity (13-15). SSR2-80 and SSR5-80 were considered to be the most important alleles for the identification of areas with unique diversity as these alleles are repetitively found in a small geographic area. Locally common alleles of Bangladeshi wild date palm were identified. Outcomes of this research will offer valuable guidelines for future breeding strategies and will be beneficial for assessment and conservation of Bangladeshi wild date palm genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]