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Objective: Excessive hypertensive response to exercise testing is associated with adverse cardiovascular events such as left ventricular hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation (AF). In this study, we examined the relationship between electromechanical delay and excessive hypertensive response to exercise testing. Methods: Twenty-five people who had a hypertensive response to the exercise stress test and 28 people who were similar in age and gender with a normal blood pressure response in the exercise stress test as the control group were included in the study. Results: There was no statistical difference between the study groups in blood pressure holter values, conventional echocardiography findings, and exercise stress test findings. Lateral PA-TDI time (the time from the beginning of the P wave measured by tissue Doppler imaging to the beginning of the A' wave), left atrial electromechanical delay, and interatrial electromechanical delay were observed to be significantly longer in the hypertensive response group to exercise stress test compared with the control group (74.0+-6.3 vs. 68.8+-5.7, p=0.003; 24.7+-7.0 vs. 19.6+-7.1, p=0.013; 36.8+-8.5 vs. 30.6+-6.6, p=0.003, respectively). Conclusions: Early detection of electromechanical delay non-invasively may be useful in this patient group in predicting the development of new AF risk.

Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) techniques have been used by researchers for last three decades in order to obtain Ultra-Fine Grained (UFG) materials. Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is preferred more than other SPD techniques thanks to its high performance and practicability. Hexa Equal Channel Angular Pressing (Hexa-ECAP) – modified ECAP technique which enables to apply ECAP routes for cylindrical samples properly – was preferred in this study. Within the objective of this study, the effects of coefficient and ram velocity on the mean effective strain and strain inhomogeneity of Hexa-ECAP processed Al7075 aluminium alloy were investigated. Also, the effects of ram velocity and friction coefficient on hardness homogeneity were investigated benefitting from the similarity between the hardness distribution and the strain distribution.

This study was carried out to determine the views of science teachers about the inclusion of epidemic diseases in science curriculum. Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research designs, was used as the research design in the study. The study group consists of six science teachers who have at least five years of experience and have participated in the development of science curriculum in previous years. A semi-structured interview form consisting of five questions, whose content validity was provided by taking expert opinion, was used as a data collection tool. Code, category and themes were created by analyzing the content of the teachers’ opinions. As a result of the study, inclusion of epidemic diseases, which has become a current topic all around the world, into the science curriculum; reasons, advantages and disadvantages, class level, achievements that can be included in the program were evaluated according to the views of science teachers in terms of teaching methods-techniques and materials also it was emphasized that the subject of epidemic diseases should be included in the science course curriculum. Suggestions that in line with the findings of the research were made to the developers of the science course curriculum and researchers.

OBJECTIVES: The broad description of schizotypy includes cognitive, sensitive, and information processing deficits connected with thought disorder symptoms. Recently, the term of schizotypy has started to be researched, not only in schizophrenia patients and their relatives but also in other psychiatric populations. Neurological soft signs (NSS) are known as abnormal motor or sensorial findings in the absence of a localized neurological disorder. There are some studies referring to the association between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and NSS, and vice versa. In this study, we aimed to examine the differences between OCD patients and healthy control groups in terms of schizotypality and NSS. We also aimed to predict risk factors affecting OCD patients with schizotypal features. METHODS: Overall, 92 OCD patients and 91 healthy controls were included in this study. Chapman’s Scales (Physical and Social Anhedonia Scales, Perceptual Aberration Scale, and Magical Ideation Scale) and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) were administered to patient group. Symptom severity of OCD was recorded using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. The neurological portion of the Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Signs (PANESS) and a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were administered to patient and control groups. RESULTS: The patient group had higher scores on total PANESS scale (p

In this study, Al-xZn (x=1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 20 wt. %) alloys were prepared using metals of 99.99% high purity in the vacuum atmosphere. These alloys were directionally solidified upward with a constant temperature gradient, G (10.3 K/mm) and different growth velocities (V) between 8.25 and 165 µm/s in the directional solidification apparatus. The experimental results have revealed that with the increase of the growth velocity of the melts from 8.25 µm/s to 165 µm/s, the microstructures undergo a transition from cellular/cellular dendritic morphology to coarse dendritic form for each composition (Zn content, Co). The measurements of microhardness (HV) of the specimens were performed by using a microhardness test device. The dependence of HV on V and Co was analyzed, and it has been found that with increasing the V and Co the HV increases. Relationships between HV-V and HV-Co were obtained by linear regression analysis, and the experimental results were compared with the results of previous similar works.

In this work, Al-12.6Si-2Co (wt.%) ternary alloy of near eutectic composition was directionally solidified at a constant temperature gradient (G=7.60 K/mm) in a wide range of growth rates (V=8.35-166.30 µm/s) using by Bridgman type growth apparatus. Flake spacing (λ), microhardness (HV), tensile stress (σ) and electrical resistivity (ρ) were measured from directionally solidified samples. The dependence of flake spacing, microhardness, tensile stress and electrical resistivity on growth rate (V) was also determined by statistical analysis. According to these results, it has been found that for increasing values of V, the values of HV, σ and ρ increase. Variations of electrical resistivity (ρ) for casting Al-Si-Co alloy were also measured at the temperature in range 300−500 K. The enthalpy of fusion (ΔH) for the Al-Si-Co alloy was determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) from heating trace during the transformation from solid to liquid. The results obtained in this work were compared with the previous similar experimental results obtained for binary and ternary alloys.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of thyme, rosemary and fenugreek powders on disease resistance and histopathological changes in intestine and liver tissues of Oreochromis mossambicus before and after exposure to Streptococcus iniae. Four isonitrogenic (37% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated containing 0% (control) or 1.0% thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Fish were stocked at 20 fish (0.51±0.01 g), each, in twelve 21-L plastic tanks, fed for 60 days, and then infected with S. iniae. At the end of the challenge experiment the survival rates in the thyme, rosemary and fenugreek supplemented diets and unsupplemented control diet were 83.3%, 81.7%, 81.7% and 48.3%, respectively. The present study suggested the protective potential of thyme, rosemary and fenugreek in alleviating the intestinal and hepatic damage that can occur after infection with S. iniae. It was concluded that 1.0% thyme, rosemary or fenugreek can enhance disease resistance of O. mossambicus, suggesting that thyme, rosemary or fenugreek may be an alternative to antibiotics in controlling streptococcal disease in tilapia culture.

Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common causes of preventable ischemic stroke and is related to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of data in Turkey on the use of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), and time in therapeutic INR range (TTR) in vitamin K antagonist users and AF management modality. In this multi-center trial, we aimed to analyze, follow and evaluate the epidemiological data in non-valvular AF patients. Study design: Four thousand one hundred consecutive adult patients from 42 centers with at least one AF attack identified on electrocardiography will be included in the study. Patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis and prosthetic valve disease will be excluded from the study. At the end of one year, the patients will be evaluated in terms of major cardiac end points (death, transient ischemic attack, stroke, systemic thromboembolism, major bleeding and hospitalization). Results: First results are expected in June 2015. Data about major cardiovascular end-points will be available in January 2016. Conclusion: The rates and kind of oral anticoagulant use, TTR in vitamin K antagonist users and main management modality applied in non-valvular AF patients will be determined by AFTER-2 study. In addition, the rate of major adverse events (MACEs) and the independent predictors of these MACEs will be detected (AFTER-2 Study ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02354456.).

Objectives: In patients with heart failure, a variety of hemogram parameters are known to be of prognostic significance. This study aimed to investigate which of these parameters is/ are useful in predicting one-year all-cause mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Study design: Patients who were hospitalized between September 2012-March 2013 in our hospital with systolic-ADHF with ejection fraction ≤40%, symptoms, and findings of congestion were enrolled retrospectively in the study. The study population was divided into two groups based on one-year-mortality. Results: 119 patients with ADHF (mean-age 67+-14 years; 55% male) were enrolled in the study. One-year-mortality occurred in 29% of patients. Hemoglobin levels, platelet, basophil and lymphocyte counts were significantly lower, while red-cell distribution width (RDW) was found to be significantly higher in the one-year-mortality group. Neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil counts were similar in the two groups. Furthermore, lower estimated glomerular-filtration-rate (eGFR) and unused angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) were associated with mortality. Age, presence of hypertension, right-ventricular diameter, eGFR, ACE/ARB treatment, hemoglobin levels, RDW and platelet, leukocyte, lymphocyte, basophil, neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil-counts were found to have prognostic significance in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, decreased platelet, lymphocyte-counts and hemoglobin level on admission and unused ACE/ARB treatment at discharge (p

Freshwater invertebrates are commonly used in biological monitoring, but research of biomarkers at biochemical level is still at the early stage of development. Biomarkers in aquatic species are regarded as important for detecting stressor components, such as presence of pollutants and changes in environmental factors (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, etc.). In this study, to evaluate the pollution in Kocabaş Stream, we used specific biomarkers (GSH, TBARS and Na+, K+-ATPase) in homogenates of whole organisms. Macro invertebrate samples were sampled from three locations receiving increasing levels of urban and industrial waste water discharges along the Kocabaş Stream (Çanakkale-Turkey) in April and July 2013. Locations were selected to include the aquatic communities in poor and good ecological state depending on the measured physico-chemical water parameters and the analysis of benthic macro invertebrate communities. According to the results of the study, statistically important increases in TBARS and GSH level of Asellus aquaticus, Gammarus pulex pulex and Potamon ibericum collected from the stations in Çan and Biga were observed compared to the individuals collected from Yenice. These results indicated that presence of serious pollutants in Kocabaş Stream especially in Çan region also occurred in the physiology of macro invertebrate organisms living in the region.

Phytoadditives have gained increasing interest as feed additives for fish. The aim of the present study was to determine whether selected dietary phytoadditive can influence the bioavailability of several trace elements (Cu, Mn and Zn), which play an important role in the physiological processes. The experiments were carried out at a commercial trout farm. A total of 420 juvenile rainbow trout (mean weight ± SD = 10.79±0.57), Oncorhynchus mykiss, were randomly allocated into four different treatments with three replicates each. Fish were kept in raceways (3X0.8X0.4 m) at 10±1°C with a natural photoperiod. Proper amount of carvacrol was sprayed on 1 kg of commercial trout diet to prepare four diets with 0 (Control, C0), 1 (C1), 3 (C3) and 5 (C5) carvacrol g/kg diet. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times per day. The feeding trial lasted four weeks. Then, in different type of fish tissues (muscle, liver and pyloric caeca) from fish fed with diets enriched in carvacrol, beneficial elements (Cu, Mn and Zn) were analysed by atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. Results showed that the levels of Cu, Zn and Mn were especially significantly increase by C1 diet in all tissues (muscle, liver and pyloric caeca) except muscle and pyloric caeca Zn. The results of this experiment indicate that the carvacrol had the ability to potentiate the trace element retention. Although bioaccumulations of Cu, Zn and Mn in the muscle, liver and pyloric caeca are well demonstrated, the exact mechanisms of phytoadditives are still only partially understood. More investigations are required to detail the mechanisms involved in phytoadditives this enhancement.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) on right ventricular function in the long term using tissue Doppler imaging. Study design: Twenty-seven patients who underwent successful PMBV were enrolled in the study. Echocardiographic examination, including color tissue Doppler imaging, was done from the lateral tricuspid annulus 24 hours before the intervention, and the examination was repeated 24 hours and 6 months after the intervention. Results: At 24 hours after the intervention, S wave velocity and A' wave velocity were seen to have increased significantly (9.52+-1.85 cm/s vs. 10.92+-1.20 cm/s, p=0.012; -10.44+-2.64 cm/s vs. -11.73+-2.05 cm/s, p=0.029, respectively). E' wave velocity and E'/A' ratio did not change significantly (p>0.05 for both). In the late period, S wave velocity was similar to the value in the early period and significantly higher than the basal level (9.52+-1.85 cm/s vs. 10.69+-1.72 cm/s, p=0.023). However, A' wave velocity in the late period was decreased compared to the early period and was not different from the basal level (-10.44+-2.64 cm/s vs. -10.74+-2.63 cm/s, p>0.05). The increase in E' wave velocity in the late period when compared to the basal level was found to be statistically significant (-7.85+-1.54 cm/s vs. -9.21+-1.81 cm/s, p=0.046). Conclusion: Right ventricular systolic function improved in the early period, and this improvement was seen to continue in the late period of PMBV. Diastolic function did not improve in the early period, but did improve in the late period. Right atrium systolic function improved in the early period; however, in the late period, levels were similar to the basal levels.

Objectives: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is composed of a heterogeneous group of disorders marked by increased pulmonary artery resistance leading to right heart failure, with high mortality. Evidence is increasing to propose that inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanism. Increased prevalence of PH in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases is already known. Herein, we sought to evaluate the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Study design: Twenty-five patients with PAH and 25 controls were evaluated. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic variables were obtained. Complete blood counts in all patients and controls were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The N/L ratio was higher in patients with PAH compared to healthy volunteers (p=0.05). A cut-off value of 1.65 for N/L ratio predicted the presence of PAH with 72% sensitivity and 69% specificity. After multivariate analysis, only N/L ratio remained a significant predictor of PAH. Conclusion: We showed for the first time that N/L ratio was significantly increased in patients with PAH compared to controls.

Objectives: Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common rhythm disorders observed in clinical practice, a multicenter epidemiological study has not been conducted in our country. This study aimed to assess our clinical approach to AF based upon the records of the first multicenter prospective Atrial Fibrillation in Turkey: Epidemiologic Registry (AFTER) study. Study design: Taking into consideration the distribution of the population in our country, 2242 consecutive patients with at least one AF attack determined by electrocardiographic examination in 17 different tertiary health care centers were included in the study. Inpatients and patients that were admitted to emergency departments were excluded from the study. Epidemiological data of the patients and the treatment administered were assessed. Results: The mean age of the patients was determined as 66.8+-12.3 years with female patients representing 60% of the study population. While the most common AF type in the Turkish population was non-valvular AF (78%), persistent/permanent AF was determined in 81% of all patients. Hypertension (%67) was the most common comorbidity in patients with AF. While a stroke or transient ischemic attack or history of systemic thromboembolism was detected in 15.3% of the patients, bleeding history was recorded in 11.2%. Also, 50% of the patients were on warfarin treatment and 53% were on aspirin treatment at the time of the study. The effective INR level was detected in 41.3% of the patients. The most frequent cause of not receiving anticoagulant therapy was physician neglect. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the necessity for improved quality of physician care of patients with AF, especially with regards to antithrombotic therapy.

This study was conducted to determine lead bioaccumulation in gill, muscle and hepatopancreas tissues of the Mediterranean Green Crab, Carcinus aestuarii (Nardo, 1947) which exposed to sublethal concentrations of lead in vivo effect for 14 days. Lead accumulation in tissues of C.aestuarii was observed as gill>muscle>hepatopancreas in the end of 7th day and as gill>hepatopancreas>muscle in the end of 14th day. As a result of test, it was found that lead bioaccumulation in tissues of C. aestuarii that was exposed to different concentrations of lead (0.025; 0.05; 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) was increased in line with the ambient lead concentration of and time of exposure. In addition, the most accumulation was determined in gills.

Water quality is considered one of the main factors controlling health and the disease state of humans and animals. Four assessment methods (two pollution indexes and two fuzzy mathematical models) were used to understand the water quality parameter levels and characteristic accurately. Several physico-chemical parameters such as dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, chlor, sulphure and total organic carbon were measured in Karasu River, Turkey. Water quality was assessed as class IV (heavy polluted) in A, B, C and D stations and class III (polluted) in station E with single-factor index method. It was also identified as class III (polluted) for waters in A, B, C and D stations and class II (slightly polluted) for water in station E with the comprehensive index model. Using the two fuzzy mathematical methods (single-factor deciding and weighted average models), the water quality was determined as II, II, III, III and II classes for waters in A, B, C, D and E stations, respectively. In conclusion, it can be proposed that fuzzy logic assessment methods may also be used as an alternative tool for decision-making in environmental management.

Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a common complication after surgical valve replacement. Most PVLs remain clinically silent; however, some may require reoperation due to symptomatic PVL. Surgical closure of PVL remains the most common therapy for these defects; however, redo surgery has some disadvantages, including a high recurrence rate as well as high morbidity and mortality rates. Percutaneous closure of PVLs has emerged as an alternative to surgical closure. A 42-year-old male patient underwent a second percutaneous closure due to residual mitral paravalvular leak. During the procedure, the closure device embolized in the descending aorta. The device was captured with a snare and successfully retrieved, and then PVL was successfully occluded with another device.

Primary non Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the breast is rare. Bilateral involvement of the breasts is even morerare. Lymphomas are divided into two groups: Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Diffuse large cell non Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the most common type. A 56 year old female presented with masses in both breasts. An excisional biopsy was obtained from both tumoral masses. Histopathological assessment revealed diffuse large cell non Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chemotherapy was started. Here we present the case of bilateral primary breast lymphoma while discussing clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and the outcomes.

To determine whether obesity, inflammation, or conventional risk factors are related to depressive symptoms (DeprSy) in the general population. Responses to 3 questions served to assess sense of depression. Body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and other epidemiologic data of participants were available. In 1940, individuals who consulted a psychiatrist in the preceding year, or felt depressed (together DeprSy), 248 were female. Logistic regressions for adjusted associations of BMI with DeprSy were not significant as was serum CRP level. Diabetes and, in men, fasting glucose concentrations were associated with DeprSy. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was robustly inversely associated with DeprSy in diverse models at ORs of 0.74 (95%CI 0.63; 0.89) independent of confounders, including antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication. The use of antidepressants could not explain the reduced BP. Women are predisposed to depression with which, not BMI and CRP, but SBP is inversely associated. Anti-inflammatory substances produced in depressed persons might explain the slightly lower BP.

İnsan fiillerini konu alan hukukun düzenlediği önemli alanlardan birisi ceza hukukudur. Hukuk bu bölümde insanların işlediği suçları ve bunlara verilecek cezaları ele almaktadır. Fıkıh da ceza hukukunu düzenlemekte ve suç saydığı fiillere yönelik çeşitli cezalar uygulanacağını belirtmektedir. Fıkıhta öldürme ve vücut bütünlüğüne zarar verme suçlarında kısas cezasının verilmesi öngörülmüştür. Kısas, belli şartlarda suçlunun mağdura verdiği zararın aynıyla cezalandırılması demektir. Kısas cezası naslarda açık bir şekilde emredildiğinden dolayı prensipte mezhepler arasında ihtilaf yoktur. Kısas cezalarının verilebilmesi için en temel şart denkliktir. Denklik suçluya uygulanacak kısas cezasının mağdurunkine eşit olmasını ifade etmektedir. Bu denklik organlar arasında olduğu gibi suçlu ile mağdurun arasında da bulunmalıdır. Mezheplerin bütünü kısas cezalarında denkliğin şart olduğu hususunda ittifak halindedir. Ancak denkliğin hangi noktalarda aranacağı konusunda görüş ayrılığı bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede Hanefî mezhebine mensup fakihlerin denkliği nasıl ele aldıkları incelenmiş ve vücut bütünlüğüne yönelik işlenmiş olan kesme, koparma gibi suçların kısasında denkliğin uygulanma imkanı araştırılmıştır. Müstakil olarak ceza hukukunda denklik olgusunu ele alan güncel bir çalışmaya ulaşılamamıştır. Bu açıdan çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.