Search

Aluminum (AL) is an important nephrotoxic agent with a high daily exposure rate and property of accumulation in tissues. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against AL exposure-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as control, N-acetylcysteine group (NC), AL, and AL + NC, with an equal number of rats in each group (n = 7). No application was made to the control group. A total of 150 mg/kg/day NAC was administered to the NC group and 30 mg/kg/day AL was administered to the AL group intraperitoneally (i.p.). The AL + NC group received 30 mg/kg/day AL and 150 mg/kg/day NAC i.p. Biochemical parameters in blood serum and histopathological changes in kidney tissue, oxidative stress parameters, spexin (SPX), and apoptotic protein levels were examined after 15 days. Histopathological changes, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress parameters, and apoptotic protein levels were significantly irregular in the AL group compared to the control group. Moreover, SPX levels increased in the AL group. However, NAC treatment regulated AL exposure-related changes in the AL + NC group. NAC treatment may have a prophylactic effect against nephrotoxicity due to AL exposure. SPX may play a role in AL-induced nephrotoxicity.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada dişi bıldırcınlarda (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) puberte öncesi ve sonrası dönemlerde genital kanalın farklı bölgelerinde yer alan mast hücrelerinin heterojenitesi ile dağılımının farklı tespit solüsyonları ve boyama yöntemleri ile ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yapılan çalışmada 10 adet puberte öncesi ve 10 adet puberte sonrası dönemde sağlıklı dişi bıldırcınlara ait genital kanaldan (infundibulum, magnum, istmus, uterus, vajina) alınan doku örnekleri materyal olarak kullanıldı. Her iki gruptan alınan doku örneklerinin bir kısmı %10’luk nötral formaldehit, bir kısmı ise izotonik formaldehit asetik asit tespit solüsyonunda tespit edildi. Dokulardan alınan kesitlere Toluidin mavisi ve alcian blue/safranin O boyama yöntemleri uygulandı. Bulgular: Hazırlanan preparatlar ışık mikroskopta incelendiğinde her iki tespit solüsyonunda da yuvarlak, oval ya da mekik şekilli mast hücreleri özellikle kan damarları çevresinde yerleşmiş olarak genital kanalın tunika mukoza, tunika muskularis ve tunika seroza katmanlarında gözlendi. Mast hücrelerinin hem puberte öncesi hem de puberte sonrası dönemde en çok uterusta yerleştiği; ardından sırasıyla istmus, magnum, vagina ve infundibulumda gittikçe azalan yoğunluk gösterdiği gözlendi. Mast hücrelerinin infundibulumda puberte sonrası dönemde puberte öncesi döneme göre önemli oranda (p

This study was designed to investigate the possible protective efficacy of Nigella sativa essential oil against acrylamide induced liver toxicity. Four groups of 32 male Wistar albino rats were formed. Control group was used as a control. acrylamide was administered to the rats in Group AA by gavage at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg. 10mg/kg dose of Nigella sativa essential oil was administered intraperitoneally to the rats in Group NS. In Group AA+NS, daily acrylamide and Nigella sativa essential oil applications were carried out simultaneously as mentioned above. The trial period lasted 15 days. While acrylamide increased malondialdehyde levels in liver tissue, it decreased glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. In addition, liver pro-inflammatory cytokine levels increased due to acrylamide administration, while anti-inflammatory cytokine levels decreased due to acrylamide administration.: Concomitant administration of Nigella sativa essential oil with acrylamide significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in liver tissues. In conclusion, our findings emphasized that Nigella sativa essential oil has a potential therapeutic role to prevent acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity.

WOS: 000488603500001, PubMed: 31570012, We investigated the adverse effects of paclitaxel (PAC) on blood characteristics including the percentage of alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes, white cell count, number of neutrophil nuclear lobe and, erythrocyte diameter, and the protective effects of resveratrol (RES) on these characteristics. Male New Zealand rabbits were assigned to four groups. The control group (C) was given 40 ml normal saline, the PAC group was given 5 mg/kg PAC in 40 ml normal saline, the RES group was given 4 mg/kg RES in 40 ml normal saline, and the PAC + RES group was given 5 mg/kg PAC + 4 mg/kg RES in 40 ml normal saline. All injections were performed intravenously once/week for 8 weeks. PAC caused an increased total percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes, which was associated with neutropenia. The PAC group showed a right shift in the lobulation curve of neutrophil nuclei together with a decreased percentage of ANAE-positive lymphocytes. RES reduced the percentage of ANAE-positive lymphocytes, slightly increased the percentage of neutrophil leukocytes and reduced the total lymphocyte count. Administration of RES combined with PAC prevented, while PAC induced, neutropenia and lymphocytosis, and increased the percentage of ANAE-positive lymphocytes., Selcuk University, Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitSelcuk University [14202004], This research is part of Sercan Kaya's Master's thesis and was supported by the Selcuk University, Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under Grant number 14202004.

WOS: 000463194200001, PubMed: 30822167, We investigated the effects of quercetin (Q) on some hematological parameters and determined the percentage of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive lymphocytes in rats that had been exposed to cadmium (Cd). Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control (C), quercetin (Q), cadmium (Cd) and Q + Cd (CdQ). Blood samples were taken to assess erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), hemoglobin levels (Hb), hematocrit values (Hct), platelets (PLT), alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive lymphocytes. RBC, Hb, Hct; the number of PLT significantly decreased in the Cd group. To the contrary, these parameters were increased significantly in the CdQ group compared to the Cd group. Although we found a significant increase in total WBC count and neutrophil percentage, the number of lymphocytes decreased in the Cd group compared to the other three groups. Also, the percentage of peripheral blood ANAE positive lymphocytes decreased significantly in the Cd group (p < 0.05). Q exhibits positive effects on some hematological characteristics and the percentage of ANAE positive lymphocyte in cases of acute CD toxicity.

The aim of this study was to determine cadmium neurotoxicity (Branca et al. 2018) and beneficial effect of quercetin (QE) (Kanter et al. 2016) against on neuronal damage in hippocampus exposed with acute cadmium (Cd). Adult male Wistar-Albino rats (n = 30) were used and divided into four groups as Control (C, n = 6), Cadmium (Cd, n = 8), Quercetin (Q, n = 8) and Cadmium + Quercetin (Cd + Q, n = 8). Cadmium (CdCl2, 4 mg kg-1 daily, s.c) were administrated to Cd and Cd+Q groups, and Quercetin (Q, 50 mg kg-1 daily, i.p) were administrated to Q and Cd + Q groups for 3 days, respectively. At 4th day after the treatments, hippocampal samples were taken from the four groups. Cadmium decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the SOD activity and GSH level were markedly (p< 0.05) lower in Cd group than in the Q and C groups. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were higher in Cd group when compared to the control, Q and Cd+Q groups. IL1 levels were found statistically higher in Cd group than in the control, Q and Cd+Q groups. IL-6 and TNF-alfa levels were significantly (p< 0.05) higher in Cd andCd+Q groups than the Q and C groups. In addition, IL10 levels were detected the lowest in Cd group when compared to other groups. In conclusion, our results show that quercetin can be beneficial against to neurotoxic effects of acute cadmium toxicity in the rat hippocampus through upregulation of antioxidant system but down regulation of cytokine levels.&nbsp

This study was carried out to examine histological and enzyme histochemical characteristics of the oesophageal tonsil in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Tissue samples were collected from distal parts of the mucosal folds at the oesophageal/proventricular junction. We applied alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase to tissue sections for localisation of T or B lymphocytes. Trichrome staining, silver impregnation, methyl green-pyronin staining and PAS reaction were used for determination of light microscopic structure of the oesophageal tonsils. The oesophageal tonsils were located at the junction of the oesophagus and proventriculus. Interestingly, we detected the existence of high endothelial venules in the interfollicular area and of the accumulated positive cells in lymphoid nodules. It can be said that these tonsils have functions similar to the Harderian gland in avian species and Waldeyer's ring in mammalian species.

WOS: 000312789400001, PubMed: 23304087, The effects of total aflatoxin (AF) given orally on liver in Merino rams were studied. In addition, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of an esterified glucomannan (EG) for protection against aflatoxicosis. One-year-old 32 Merino rams were divided into four equal groups. The control group (C) was fed with the commercial feed. The AF group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 mu g/day of total AF. The EG group was fed with commercial feed plus 2 g/day of EG. The AF + EG group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 mu g/day of total AF and 2 g/day of EG. After feeding period, tissue samples were taken from the liver in order to perform histological analyses. Vacuolar degeneration with small and large droplets and hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes were observed in the AF group. The ceroid pigmentation was observed in macrophages in groups or one by one. It was observed that the fat rate in hepatocytes was 2.6% in the C group, 35.5% in the AF group, 2.9% in the EG group, and 9.6% in the AF + EG group. In conclusion, the adverse effects caused by aflatoxicosis on the liver could be ameliorated by adding EG to the ration., TUBITAK-TOVAGTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [107 O 866]; Selcuk University (SU BAP Project)Selcuk University [09202023], The study was supported by TUBITAK-TOVAG (Project no. 107 O 866) and the Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Projects of Selcuk University (SU BAP Project no. 09202023).

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the some hematological values and ANAE-positive lymphocyte ratio of Jaydara sheep in Kyrgyzstan. The availability of information on hematological and biochemical parameters is essential to research conducted with an aim to increase yields in animal production. Materials and methods: The investigation was carried out on 60 healthy sheep aged between 2-3 years old. Leucocyte and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential leucocyte ratios and ANAE-positive lymphocyte ratios were investigated in blood samples using an automated cell counter machine. Results: The leucocyte count in Jaydara sheep was found to 4.92+/-0.59 x 103/mm3. Similarly, erythrocyte count was 11.73+/-0.65 x 103/mm3. On the other hand, hemoglobin content in blood was 11.70+/-0.51 gm/dL. The hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values were 30.02+/-1.70 %, 25.64+/-1.28 and micro;3, 10.68+/-0.59 pg and 41.76+/-2.31% respectively. The differential leucocyte counts in Jaydara sheep were 42.53+/-1.13 (Neutrophil), 52.61+/-1.08 (Lymphocyte), 2.75+/-0.55 (Monocyte), 1.58+/-0.17 (Eosinophil), and 0.52+/-0.52 (Basophil). The ANAE-positive lymphocyte ratios in Jaydara sheep was found to be 65.00+/-2.55. Conclusion: The hematological parameters in healthy Jaydara sheep can be used as reference values for this particular sheep breed in future. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2016; 3(1.000): 8-12]

The aim of the present study is to reveal the morphological structure of the carotid body of the Angora rabbit. For this purpose a total of thirteen adult Angora rabbits were used. In 5 Angora rabbits the carotid body was located in the periarterial connective tissue between the occipital and the caudal auricular arteries, but in 2 animals between the maxillary and the caudal auricular arteries. This connective tissue that enveloped the carotid body like a capsule divided the organ into numerous lobes by radiating into its parenchyma. In histological examinations the organ contained dark and light coloured nuclei that are divided into type I and type II, respectively. Type I cell that looked like a paraganglion structure was located around vessels and had large, round and oval-shaped nuclei, and contained pinkish granule in its cytoplasm. Type II cell was localized around type I ones and had long and dark coloured nuclei, which were located slightly off centre and 1-3 in number, and were full of cytoplasmic vacuoles. It has been proposed that this work may shed light on experimental hypoxia related studies by describing the exact morphology of the carotid body of Angora rabbit.

1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix ® Plus) against the immunosuppressive effect of afatoxins (AF) was evaluated by determination of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte proportions and splenic plasma cell counts. Histological changes in lymphoid organs were also investigated by light microscopy. One-d-old broiler chicks (Hybro) received 2·5 mg/kg diet AF (83·06% AFB1, 12·98% AFB2, 2·84% AFG1, 1·12% AFG2) with or without PVPP (3 g/kg diet) until 21 d of age. 2. When compared with the controls, AF treatment significantly decreased peripheral T-lymphocyte counts. AF caused a slight decrease in splenic plasma cell counts. The addition of PVPP to an AF-containing diet significantly increased T-lymphocyte counts. Splenic plasma cell counts were numerically intermediate between control and AF groups. 3. The dietary addition of PVPP to AF-free diet did not significantly alter either T-lymphocyte or splenic plasma cell counts.

1. The embryotoxicity of mixed aflatoxins (AF) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were evaluated by a modified chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST). Adverse effects on the early embryonic development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius were also investigated by light microscopy. AF consisted of 83.06% AFB1, 12.98% AFB2, 2.84% AFG1 and 1.12% AFG2. 2. A total of 448 fertilised laying hens' eggs were used. AF and AFB1 were injected into the eggs at doses of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/egg. Embryonic developmental stages were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton scale (HH-scale). 3. The results showed that AFB1 given at 10 ng/egg had a significantly (P0.05) greater embryotoxic effect than AF given at a similar dose. The higher doses of both AF and AFB1 caused higher embryonic mortality and also an increase in early deaths. 4. In the groups receiving 100 ng/egg AF and AFB1 an abnormal development was seen, with a protruded central region, corresponding to the area pellucida of the blastoderm. No other developmental abnormality attributable to AF or AFB1 was found.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aflatoxin (AF) on spermatologic, biochemical, and testis parameters in rams, and the protective efficiency of esterified glucomannan (EG) co-administered with AF. Thirty-two Merino rams (12-14 months old) were used. The experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments. The control group was fed commercial feed. The AF group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 mu g/d of total AF. The EG group received commercial feed plus 2 g/d of EG. The AF + EG group was given commercial feed plus 250 mu g/d of total AF and 2 g/d of EG. There were treatment, time, and treatment-by-time interaction effects on sperm motility, abnormal spermatozoa, damaged acrosome, and dead spermatozoa (P < 0.01). The percentage of motile sperm was lower and the percentages of abnormal sperm, sperm with damaged acrosomes, and dead sperm were greater in the AF group than in the control, AF+EG, and EG groups, as from week 3 until the end of week 12 (P < 0.05). As from week 3, hyaluronidase activity in the seminal plasma increased significantly in the AF group, compared with the control. The co-administration of AF+EG was found to be effective in preventing the increase in hyaluronidase activity. As week 4, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the AF group compared with the control. The combined administration of AF+EG was found to be effective in lowering the MDA levels, increased by AF, to the levels measured in the control (P < 0.05). Although glutathione (GSH) levels were determined to have significantly decreased in the AF group in comparison to the control, it was observed that, in the group co-administered with AF and EG, particularly after week 7, the GSH levels, which had decreased owing to AF, were largely ameliorated (P < 0.05). In conclusion, AF adversely affected spermatologic, biochemical, and testis parameters, and the combined administration of EG with AF reversibly eliminated these adverse effects in rams. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000304547900001, PubMed: 22629132, The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin on some hematological parameters and to determine the preventive effectiveness of added glucomannan. In the study, 32 Merino rams were used, and the rams were separated equally to four groups as control (C), glucomannan (G), glucomannan + aflatoxin (AG), and aflatoxin (A). Erythrocyte, leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were decreased in A group compared with the other groups, and there was a reduction in similar parameters in AG group compared to control values. On the other hand, these parameters were tended to increase in AG group compared to A group values. Aflatoxicosis caused the lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia but increased percentage of neutrophil counts. In conclusion, the results determined in the study might be important to demonstrate the effects of aflatoxicosis and glucomannan on some haematological parameters before the clinical symptoms appear., TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [107O866], This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project no. 107O866).

donmez, hasan huseyin/0000-0003-4664-8489 WOS: 000303402200015 PubMed: 22676985 Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term histomorphometric changes in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of rabbits after mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO). Study Design. Twenty-six rabbits were used in this study. Two of them served as control subjects, and the remaining 24 underwent DO procedures in their left mandibular bodies. After a latency period of 5 days, 5 mm lengthening was performed at a rate of 1 mm/d. The rabbits in the experimental group were randomly divided into 4 subgroups and killed after 1, 2, 4, and 6 months. TMJs from both sides were harvested and prepared with hematoxylin and eosin stain for histomorphometric examination under an optical microscope. Results. Compared with control subjects and nondistracted sides, fibrous articular, proliferative, and hypertrophic areas were significantly increased (P < .05) in the first 2 months in distracted sides. The changes were insignificant in the fourth and sixth postoperative months. Conclusion. Unilateral mandibular distraction of 5 mm was found to be well tolerated and no degenerative changes were observed histologically in the rabbit TMJs in the long-term period. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012;113:600-603)

WOS: 000276284400033, Objective: Microsurgical tissue transfers are widely used for the reconstruction of the defects resulting from the excision of the malignancies and adjuvant therapies are also commonly employed in order to improve the survival. After surgery, further need for chemotherapy and radiotherapy is not uncommon. However, these treatment modalities may have adverse effects on each other. Effects of chemotherapeutic agents on microvascular anastomosis should be known well so that treatment plan can be done. Mitomycin C is one of the most toxic chemotherapeutic agents. In this experimental study we have investigated the effects of mitomycin C on the microvascular anastomosis. Material and Methods: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were used. 10 mg/m(2) Mitomycin C was administered intraperitoneally to 10 animals in study group. The other 10 animals were used as the control group. One week later microvascular anastomoses were carried out on femoral arteries of all of the animals. Results: After two weeks of waiting period, animals were reoperated and patency of the anastomoses were checked, also a histologic study was carried out. Macroscopically pulsatile blood flow was observed in all but two animals in study group and one animal in control group. Histologically, no additional reaction against mitomiycin C in muscular and adventitial layers of the vessel walls was observed. We found out that there was no significant difference between the animals in control group and study group in terms of patency of the anastomoses and histological findings. Conclusion: Since Mitomycin C is one of the most toxic chemotherapeutic agents it is important to know that it does not affect the microvascular anastomoses adversely.

WOS: 000253855000009, PubMed: 18079450, The purpose of this study was to determine the percentages of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase ( ANAE)positive and acid phosphatase ( ACP)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the percentages of leukocytes in the rock partridge at different ages. Blood samples obtained from the vena basilica of 18 healthy rock partridges (Alectoris graeca) at 1 d, 5 wk, and 12 wk of age were used. Mean percentages of ANAE-positive PBL for the 3 age groups were 37, 29.83, and 47.83% for 1 d, 5 wk, and 12 wk of age, respectively. Heterophils also gave ANAE-positive reactions. Mean percentages of ACP-positive PBL for the 3 age groups were 70, 81, and 86.1% for 1 d, 5 wk, and 12 wk of age, respectively. Although monocytes showed a diffuse granular staining pattern, heterophils displayed a weak positive reaction for ACP. Thrombocytes showed a small granular staining pattern. This study contributes by broadening the hematological research on avian species and provides a guideline for identifying blood cells in the rock partridge.