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Objective: The study was conducted to understand the different histopathological patterns, the classification of nasal tumours, and the relative distribution of the various lesions by age and sex. Method: In this study, 80 patients admitted to our hospital with nasal weights and numerous clinical presentations were selected. The study period is 2 years. This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology/ ENT and Histopathology department of the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences and AFIP for a two-year duration from April 2019 to April 2021. Results: The most numerous groups of changes were non-cancerous nasal growth; 55 cases (68.25%), then 25 cases (32.25%) of nasal tumours, 16 benign, and 9 malignant cases in cancerous tumours. Conclusion: Nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea are the most commonly encountered symptoms in our community, with simple inflammatory nasal polyps being the predominant histological pattern. Surgical intervention is considered the optimal treatment modality.

Objective: To evaluate vertigo control and auditory rescue in patients with Meniere's disease treated with intratympanic Gentamicin and Dexamethasone. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial (Clinical Trials. gov Identifier: NCT05355610). Place and Duration of Study: ENT Departments CMH Quetta and Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan from Apr 2020 to Mar 2022. Methodology: Ninety-three cases of unilateral Meniere's disease meeting the inclusion criteria were treated with intratym-panic Gentamicin and Dexamethasone. Pre and post-treatment vertigo was assessed on Vestibular Deficit Index. Speech discrimination scores for auditory impact were also recorded pre and post-treatment. Results: In the Ninety-three treated cases, there was a statistically significant improvement in the Vestibular Deficit Index (with a p-value of 0.001). Although all patients had a reduced speech discrimination score, it was not statistically significant (p value=0.08). Conclusion: Control of vestibular symptoms can be achieved with intratympanic Gentamicin, and at the same time, the auditory system can be rescued with Dexamethasone.

Objective: To determine association of anosmia as an early symptom of COVID-19 infection. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: ENT department, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta, from Apr to Oct 2020. Methodology: A total of 6411 consenting patients with symptoms of viral upper respiratory tract infection presenting at ENT department, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Apr to Oct 2020 were tested for COVID 19 via PCR studies. Results: Out of 6411 individuals 1109 (17.3%) were found to be COVID positive and 5302 (82.7%) were COVID negative. Of the COVID positive cases 611 (55.1%) of COVID positive individuals had anosmia, whereas only 68 (1.2%) of COVID negative individuals had anosmia, this observation was statistically significant (p0.05 on chi square test). Conclusion: Anosmia has a definite association with COVID 19 infection.

Objective: To analyze the results of pure tone audiometry in the terms of age, sex, and type of hearing loss attending the hospital with the complaint of hearing loss. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, patients attending Benazir Bhutto hospital with complaints of hearing loss were included. The data analysis was done under the terms of age, sex and unilateral/bilateral, and type of loss after pure tone audiometry of every case. The type of hearing loss was determined as conductive, SNHL, and mixed hearing loss. Results: There were 47 patients. Males were 34 (72.34%) outnumbering13females 13(27.66). Adults were44 (93.61%) and children were 3(6.34%). Mixed hearing loss was28 (59.57%)% compared to conductive hearing loss 15 (31.91) and SNHL4 (8.51%). Conclusion: Hearing loss is more common in adults and more prevalent in males. It is mostly bilateral. Mixed hearing loss is more common as compared to conductive and SNHL respectively. Sociacusis is to be taken seriously.

Introduction: The present study was carried out to see the usefulness of Tru-cut biopsy over fine needle aspiration (FNA) in diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) cervical lymphadenopathy and comparing their yields by performing ZN staining, culture, cytology, histopathology, and CBNAAT. Observation and Results: It was found that the yield of Tru cut was significantly more in ZN staining and histopathology. Even though the yield was more in culture and CBNAAT also, it was not statistically significant. FNA is a popular method which is very widely used, but it has a low yield. From the results, it was inferred that for FNA, the positive rate was 27.6%, 38.4%, 67.7%, and 43% for the four modalities of ZN staining, CBNAAT, cytology, and acid-fast bacilli cultures, respectively. Comparatively, for Tru-cut biopsy, the positive rate was 36.9%, 46.2%, 92.3%, and 47.7%, respectively, in all four modalities. It was noticed that the highest value was recorded for histopathology, followed by culture and CBNAAT for Tru-cut biopsy procedures. Comparatively, FNA showed the highest negative rate for ZN staining and CBNAAT. Conclusion: The present study also highlights the importance of Tru-cut biopsy over FNA. It is one of the emerging techniques which if used properly could offer a better yield. Further results and conclusions are discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the role of Rosuvastatin as a possible treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: ENT Departments, Combined Military Hospital Quetta & Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Apr 2015 to Sep 2017. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study performed at Combined Military Hospital Quetta & Combined Military Hospital Lahore comprised of seventy-eight patients of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) having hyperlipidemia. Patients pre-treatment total serum cholesterol was measured, and hearing loss in speech frequencies was recorded on audiometry. The seventy-eight patients were administered tablet Rosuvastatin 10mg once daily with low fat diet for 4 months. On completion of 4 months of treatment, patients were selected by using non probability purposive sampling and divided into responder and non-responder group depending on total serum cholesterol levels. Post treatment total serum cholesterol levels and improvement in hearing levels were also recorded and graded according to siegel’s criteria. Results: Total serum cholesterol came to within normal limits in 43 (55.1%) patients (responder), while it remained high in 35 (44.9%) patients (non-responder group). Improvement in hearing scores was assessed using siegel’s criteria. pearson chi square test showed statistically significant improvement (p=0.001) in hearing scores among responder group as compared to non-responder group. Conclusion: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss, in patients having hyperlipidemia, can be managed by treating hyperlipidemia with lipidlowering agent rosuvastatin.

ABSTRACT Background: Nasal obstruction is a common presenting problem which can lead to symptoms like sleep disturbances, mouth breathing, oral cavity dryness. Hypertrophied inferior turbinate is a common cause of nasal obstruction. Microdebrider assisted turbinoplasty and submucosal diathermy are widely used methods for patients who fail to respond to medical therapy to relieve obstruction. The aim of the study was to compare two methods in terms of relief of nasal obstruction, reduction in sneezing and post-operative complications. Material & Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at ENT Department, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan for one year from 01-03-2018 to 28-02-2019. One hundred and twenty patients were randomized to into either MAT and SMD groups each with 60 patients. Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation score system (NOSE) was used to access relieve from obstruction and sneezing. SPSS 22, online chai square and fisher exact test calculators were used to analyze the data. Results: Two groups were comparable for age and gender. After 3 months of treatment, all patients in MAT group and 51 patients in SMD group were completely relieved from obstruction. At two weeks follow up 37(61.57%) patients in MAT group had grade 0 obstruction compared with 14 (23.33%) in SMD group and this difference was significant (p value .000). at one month follow up 55 (91.67%) patients in MAT while 46 (76.67%) had completely relieved obstruction and this difference was significant ( p value .024). Not all patients showed reduction in sneezing in both groups. 37 patients in MAT and 25 patients in SMD group had completely relieved from sneezing at third month follow up with MAT group showing significantly more patients with sneezing reduced at one month follow up. Crust formation was most seen complication in both groups, more with SMD group at two weeks follow up which responded to treatment alkaline nasal douches and crust removal. Conclusion: MAT gives better in terms of nasal obstruction relieved, reduction in sneezing and less complications than SMD procedure. KEYWORDS: Microdebrider; Diathermy; Turbinates; Nasal obstruction