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ABSTRACT Dengue Haemoragic Fever (DHF) is an infected disease caused by dengue virus with aedes aegypti mosquito as the vector. in Bali Province the case of DHF always increases every year and the data of 2006 show that there were 5.054 cases and the Case Fatality Rate was 0,63%. In order to decrease the DHF case, many methods have been done by the government, such as eradication of mosquitos nest with 3M method (“menutup, menguras, mengubur”), public health illumination, massive fogging , abatitation etc. However those program don’t indicate the optimum result. Other program has been growing up is increasing the participation of public groups. One of that is increasing the participation of basic school student to decrease DHF disease by giving the student knowledge abaut disease, prevention, and how to avoid the DHF disease.

Supercontinuum generation in optical fiber involves complex nonlinear dynamics, making optimization challenging, and typically relying on trial-and-error or extensive numerical simulations. Machine learning and metaheuristic algorithms offer more efficient optimization approaches. We report here an experimental study of supercontinuum spectral shaping by tuning the phase of the input pulses, different optimization approaches including a genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimizer, and simulated annealing. We find that the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimizer are more robust and perform better, with the particle swarm optimizer converging faster. Our study provides valuable insights for the systematic optimization of supercontinuum and other optical sources., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in free space or within optical fibers have a wide range of applications in optics; however, exciting these modes with both high purity and low loss generally requires demanding optimization of excitation conditions in a high dimensional space. Furthermore, mechanical drift can significantly degrade the mode purity over time, which may limit practical deployment of OAM modes in concrete applications. Here, combining an iterative wavefront matching approach and a genetic algorithm, we demonstrate rapid and automated excitation of OAM modes with optimized purity and reduced loss. Our approach allows for systematic computational realignment of the system enabling drift compensation over extended durations. Our experimental results indicate that OAM purity can be optimized and maintained over periods exceeding 24 h, paving the way for the applications of stable OAM beams in optics.

We report the generation of a spectrally tailored supercontinuum using Fourier-domain pulse shaping of femtosecond pulses injected into a highly nonlinear fiber controlled by a genetic algorithm. User-selectable spectral enhancement is demonstrated over the 1550-2000-nm wavelength range, with the ability to both select a channel with target central wavelength and bandwidth in the range of 1-5 nm. The spectral enhancement factor relative to unshaped input pulses is typically ∼5-20 in the range 1550-1800 nm and increases for longer wavelengths, exceeding a factor of 160 around 2000 nm. We also demonstrate results where the genetic algorithm is applied to the enhancement of up to four spectral channels simultaneously.

The noise-like pulse regime of optical fiber lasers is highly complex, and associated with multiscale emission of random sub-picosecond pulses underneath a much longer envelope. With the addition of highly nonlinear fiber in the cavity, noise-like pulse lasers can also exhibit supercontinuum broadening and the generation of output spectra spanning 100's of nm. Achieving these broadest bandwidths, however, requires careful optimization of the nonlinear polarization rotation based saturable absorber, which involves a very large potential parameter space. Here we study the spectral characteristics of a broadband noise-like pulse laser by scanning the laser operation over a random sample of 50,000 polarization settings, and we quantify that these broadest bandwidths are generated in only [Formula: see text] 0.5% of cases. We also show that a genetic algorithm can replace trial and error optimization to align the cavity for these broadband operating states., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

We present an erratum to our Letter [Opt. Lett.47, 802 (2022)10.1364/OL.448571]. This erratum corrects an error in the sign of one of the higher-order dispersion coefficient used in the simulations of Figs. 2 and 4, as well as in Figs. S1 and S3. The simulations in the original Letter were performed using the correct value, and therefore this correction does not affect any of the results and conclusions of the original Letter.

The use of cytological examination in the diagnosis of different conditions of the buccal mucosa is of increasing interest in all branches of medicine. Collection of a specimen is very simple, painless and may always be repeated. Although not having an absolute value, cytological examination may contribute to the diagnosis of a group of inflammatory disorders of the buccal mucosa.

Drăgan's high-speed PBT (polychrome blue tannin) staining method enables cellular elements to be detected in oral smears in one minute at most. The basic dyes in the polychrome blue solution allow the acid-group-containing substrate to be detected in the nucleus, in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and leukocytes, as well as in the elements of the flora. The chromatin shows a distinct basophilic, orthochromatic reaction. The fine, reddish-violet metachromatic granules in the cytoplasm are of a glycolipid nature and occur with the tonofibrils. The keratohyalin granules show a basophilic orthochromatic or metachromatic, homogeneous or granular reaction in relation to the chemically acid portions of their structure.