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Fragestellung: In unserer Klinik werden minimalinvasive additive Kabelcerclagen bei Tibiaschaftfrakturen angewendet. Ziel ist die vollbelastende Nachbehandlung der Patienten, da gerade geriatrische Patienten eine Teilbelastung nicht umsetzen können (Kammerlander et al 2018). Bestätigung geben [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

The potential of sponge-associated bacteria for the biosynthesis of natural products with antibacterial activity was evaluated. In a preliminary screening 108 of 835 axenic isolates showed antibacterial activity. Active isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and selection of the most promising strains was done in a championship like approach, which can be done in every lab and field station without expensive equipment. In a competition assay, strains that inhibited most of the other strains were selected. In a second round, the strongest competitors from each host sponge competed against each other. To rule out that the best competitors selected in that way represent similar strains with the same metabolic profile, BOX PCR experiments were performed, and extracts of these strains were analysed using metabolic fingerprinting. This proved that the strains are different and have various metabolic profiles, even though belonging to the same genus, i.e. Bacillus. Furthermore, it was shown that co-culture experiments triggered the production of compounds with antibiotic activity, i.e. surfactins and macrolactin A. Since many members of the genus Bacillus possess the genetic equipment for the biosynthesis of these compounds, a potential synergism was analysed, showing synergistic effects between C14-surfactin and macrolactin A against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

High-throughput platforms facilitating screening campaigns of environmental samples are needed to discover new products of natural origin counteracting the spreading of antimicrobial resistances constantly threatening human and agricultural health. We applied a combination of droplet microfluidics and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based technologies to access and assess a microbial environmental sample. The cultivation performance of our microfluidics workflow was evaluated in respect to the utilized cultivation media by Illumina amplicon sequencing of a pool of millions of droplets, respectively. This enabled the rational selection of a growth medium supporting the isolation of microbial diversity from soil (five phyla affiliated to 57 genera) including a member of the acidobacterial subgroup 1 (genus Edaphobacter). In a second phase, the entire diversity covered by 1071 cultures was used for an arrayed bioprospecting campaign, resulting in > 6000 extracts tested against human pathogens and agricultural pests. After redundancy curation by using a combinatorial chemical and genomic fingerprinting approach, we assigned the causative agents present in the extracts. Utilizing UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-guided fractionation and microplate-based screening assays in combination with molecular networking the production of bioactive ionophorous macrotetrolides, phospholipids, the cyclic lipopetides massetolides E, F, H and serratamolide A and many derivatives thereof was shown.

Fragestellung: In unserer Klinik werden additive Kabelcerclagen bei Tibiaschaftfrakturen in minimalinvasiver Technik angewendet. Ziel ist die vollbelastende Nachbehandlung der Patienten, da gerade geriatrische Patienten eine Teilbelastung nicht umsetzen können (Kammerlander et al. 2018). Bestätigung [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

The discovery of novel natural products (NPs) that will serve as lead structures has to be an ongoing effort to fill the respective development pipelines. However, identification of NPs, which possess a potential for application in e.g., the pharma or agro sector, must be as cost effective and fast as possible. Furthermore, the amount of sample available for initial testing is usually very limited, not least because of the fact that the impact on the environment, i.e., the sampled biosystem, should be kept minimal. Here, our pipeline SeaPEPR is described, in which a primary bioactivity screening of crude extracts is combined with the analysis of their metabolic fingerprint. This enabled prioritization of samples for subsequent microfractionation and dereplication of the active compounds early in the workflow. As a case study, 76 marine sponge-derived extracts were screened against a microbial screening panel. Thereunder, human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC33592) and yeast (Candida albicans FH2173), as well as the phytopathogenic fungus Septoria tritici MUCL45407. Overall, nine extracts revealed activity against at least one test organism. Metabolic fingerprinting enabled assigning four active extracts into one metabolic group; therefore, one representative was selected for subsequent microfractionation. Dereplication of the active fractions showed a new dibrominated aplysinopsin and a hypothetical chromazonarol stereoisomer derivative. Furthermore, inhibitory activity against the common plant pest Septoria tritici was discovered for NPs of marine origin.

Phospholipids (PL) for biliary secretion could be supplied from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane by cytosolic transfer proteins or transport vesicles. Therefore, we studied whether biliary secretions of PL and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), as markers for the ER-to-Golgi vesicular transport pathway, are tightly coupled in isolated perfused rat livers with enhanced secretion (+60%) of PL after withdrawal of the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor pravastatin (0.1% of chow, fed for 7 days). Blocking agents dissociated the secretion of apo A-I and PL. Brefeldin A as well as cycloheximide inhibited biliary secretion of apo A-I (−52%; −68%), however, not of PL. Both bilirubin ditaurate and taurodehydrocholic acid reduced biliary secretion of PL (−27%; −79%), but not of apo A-I. The data support the concept that PL destined for biliary secretion bypass the vesicular transport pathway of apo A-I through the Golgi compartment, most likely via cytosolic transfer proteins.

Hepatocytes secrete cholesterol into bile within lipid vesicles of selected phosphatidylcholines, mainly palmitoyl-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholines, palmitoleoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholines and palmitoleoyl-arachidonyl-phosphatidylcholines, which could in part determine the secreted amount of cholesterol.To study whether increased secretion of cholesterol, as caused by manipulation of cholesterol synthesis rate, changes the composition of phosphatidylcholines secreted in bile.Livers from control rats (Control), rats fed pravastatin for 7 days (Pravastatin) and livers isolated 5-7 or 8-11 hours after pravastatin had been withdrawn (Rebound5-7h; Rebound8-11h) were isolated perfused during infusion of taurocholic acid (400 nmol/min/100 g rat), to study biliary secretion of bile salts, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine molecular species.Bile salt secretion rate was similar in all four groups, secretion of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholines was similar in Control and Pravastatin. With duration of pravastatin withdrawal the secretion rates of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol progressively increased by +38% and +122% in Rebound5-7h and by +70% and +300% in Rebound8-11h (vs Control), respectively. In parallel, the secretion rates of palmitoleoyl-oleoyl- and palmitoleoyl-arachidonyl-phosphatidylcholines rose up to sixfold and twofold, respectively, while the secretion rate of palmitoyl-linoleoylphospatidylcholines remained constant. The secretion rate of cholesterol was correlated (p0.01) with the secretion rates of palmitoleoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholines (r = 0.83) and palmitoleoyl-arachidonyl-phosphatidylcholines (r = 0.81). Bilirubin ditaurate or taurodehydrocholate reduced (p0.05) biliary secretion of phosphatidylcholines (-33%; -72%) without changes in cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine secretory ratio or phosphatidylcholine species.The secretion of the major molecular species of phosphatidylcholine in bile could be coregulated with the amount of cholesterol destined for biliary secretion.

Im AiF/IGF-Forschungsvorhaben „Einsatz eines alternativen Formgebungswerkstoffs in Verbindung mit einem modifizierten Formenschmiermittel bei der Behälterglasherstellung (16158 BG/1)“ wurden schwefelhaltige und schwefelfreie Schmiermittel eingesetzt, wobei der Schwefelanteil bei den schwefelfreien Mitteln durch Graphit ersetzt wurde. Die Ergebnisse dieser Versuche zeigen, dass die Wirkungen des Schwefels in den Schmiermitteln offenbar für den Prozess in seiner heutigen Form notwendig sind und nicht durch einen Ersatz in Form von Graphit realisiert werden können. Die Verwendung von Vorformlacken unter Beibehaltung des Schmiermittels bei jedoch deutlich geringerem Schmiermittelbedarf ist jedoch ein möglicher Schritt, den Schmiermitteleinsatz zu reduzieren und somit wirkungsvoll die Umwelt und Gesundheit des Maschinenpersonals zu entlasten., 2158

During asthma, lung DC capture and process antigens to initiate and maintain allergic Th2 cell responses to inhaled allergens. The aim of the study was to investigate whether allergen-specific IgG, generated during sensitization, can potentiate the acute airway inflammation through Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R)-mediated antigen uptake and enhance antigen presentation resulting in augmented T-cell proliferation. We examined the impact of antigen presentation and T-cell stimulation on allergic airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation using transgenic and gene-deficient mice. Both airway inflammation and eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were markedly reduced in sensitized and challenged Fc gamma R-deficient mice. Lung DC of WT, but not Fc gamma R-deficient mice, induced increased antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell proliferation when pulsed with anti-OVA IgG immune complexes. Intranasal application of anti-OVA IgG immune complexes resulted in enhanced airway inflammation, eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine release, mediated through enhanced antigen-specific T-cell proliferation in vivo. Finally, antigen-specific IgG in the serum of sensitized mice led to a significant increase of antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell proliferation induced by WT, but not Fc gamma R-deficient, lung DC. We conclude that Fc gamma R-mediated enhanced antigen presentation and T-cell stimulation by lung DC has a significant impact on inflammatory responses following allergen challenge in asthma.

Abstract In general, the onshore production of oil and gas in North Germany takes place in densely populated areas. Approximately 800 MMSCFD of gas are produced from sour gas reservoirs, with H2S-concentrations of up to 20 Vol.-% being involved. Despite a high technical safety standard and different organizational measures in the production of sour gas, emergency cases cannot be absolutely ruled out. An accidental sour gas release can cause health problems even if inhaled at low concentrations. H2S concentrations of more than 700 ppm will cause immediate death. In Germany the production of hydrocarbons is regulated by the Federal Mining Law. According to these regulations an extensive gas protection plan and gas alarm plan have to be set up for sour gas operations. This includes establishing an emergency response organization and a gas alarm management guide. Beyond the legal requirements Mobil Erdgas-Erdoel GmbH (MEEG) has implemented an emergency response management system in compliance with Mobil Oil's worldwide safety philosophy to minimize the risk for the population, the employees and the environment. The installation of two electronic data systems enables the crisis management team to respond faster, more safely and in a less complicated manner to accidental sour gas releases. The introduction of the Emergency Information and Response System (EMIS) makes possible the display and manipulation of maps in different scales and geographically oriented data. The expansion of the process master computer by installing an H2S-Gas alarm system has achieved the online measurements of H2S concentrations, wind direction and wind velocity at sour gas production facilities. The system, which is operated at the gas dispatcher center, gives the crisis response team the opportunity to predict the location of sour gas release and the area being impacted. Consequently rescue parties will be directed to the location in a safe manner and, if necessary, measures will be managed for evacuating the residents living in the danger zones around sour gas facilities. Introduction The onshore production of sweet and sour gas in North Germany takes place in generally densely populated regions. Among others MEEG operates sour gas fields in the State of Lower Saxony. The production areas of the Scholen concession are located between the cities of Hanover and Bremen (Figure 1). Joint venture partner of the Scholen concession is BEB Erdgas and Erdoel GmbH (50 % Shell and 50 % Exxon). More than 50 billion cubic metres of sour gas have been produced, transported and purified in this area since 1963. Today, sour gas is produced from 12 main reservoirs with an infrastructure of 35 production wells, 9 booster compressor stations and more than 100 km of sour gas pipeline network (Table 1). The sour gas is purified at the MEEG operated purification plant Norddeutsche Erdgas-Aufbereitungs-GmbH (NEAG). After conditioning of the treated gas to sales gas specifications the sweet gas is fed into the sales gas pipeline network. All gas production as well as the gas conditioning process is managed by MEEG's dispatcher center. P. 467