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Environmental problems caused by waste and exploitation of natural resources can be exacerbated by a lack of awareness and concern for the environment. One of the contributing factors is the lack of utilization of learning resources and environmental-based media in education. This study aims to develop and validate a teaching module based on the PjBL (Project-based Learning) model to increase students' environmental awareness, especially on the topic of environmental change. By using the 4D Model, this study uses quantitative descriptive analysis involving validation by two experts. The validation values for learning plan, learning media, and students' worksheet were 3.48, 3.52, and 3.45, respectively. The results of the recapitulation of validity data show a total score of 3.48 with a valid category. It was concluded that teaching modules based on project to improve environmental character are worthy of being applied in Biology learning at school.

The background of this research is the low interest of children learning social studies, meanwhile, the purpose of this study was to increase interest and social studies learning achievement with the subject of growth and development of the national spirit with the Think Pair Share Pedagogic Criticle (TPSPC) learning model in class VIII students. This study used a class action research approach (classroom action research). The research was conducted at Kasihan 1 Public Middle School, Yogyakarta, with 34 students in class VIII A as the subjects. The data analysis technique in this study was to examine all available data, both qualitative and quantitative data from various sources, namely from observations, questionnaires, field notes, practice questions, quizzes, interviews, achievement tests, and documentation. The results of the study show that the TPSPC learning model can improve; (1) Students' interest in learning material grows and develops the national spirit of class VIII students from the percentage of students' initial interest before the action of 56% in the moderate category to 71.30% in the high category in cycle I, and increases to 74.70% in the middle category high in cycle II; (2) Student achievement in the matter of growing and developing the national spirit of class VIII students from the pre-action achievement average score of 63.5 with completeness reaching 44.12% (low category). After conducting research in cycle I, the average value of students became 72.66 with completeness reaching 65.62% (high category). In cycle II the average score of students was 89.35 with completeness reaching 94.12% (very high category); (3) The implementation of learning from observations of teacher activities was 88.88% in the very high category in cycle I to 97.22% in very high category in cycle II.

This study sought to pinpoint key requirements for incorporating technology into education. A survey of junior high schools was used in the study which took a qualitative approach. A research sample of 35 students who were chosen purposively for the study were given the questionnaire as a data gathering tool with three components; the utility/feature of usage, the interest, and the pedagogical content of the Evoce robot. The data was analyzed by using the Guttman scale has a CS of at least 0.60 and a CR of at least 0.90, it was considered to meet the unidimental and cumulative features. The findings showed the mean of CR from three indicators was 0.908, which means the result of CR was valid while the mean score was CS was 0.798, which means that the coefficients of scalability were considered good. Based on the result findings students' opinions about the usage of the Evoce robot as technology in the learning process were inversely correlated with their usage of learning media was helping them in attaining new media of teaching was the Evoce robot. It recommended that robots might give an alternative interesting media in class, especially for teaching vocabulary.

Abstract The coming decades will see a substantial increase in the population of older adults, accompanied by significant demographic and family structure changes worldwide. As a result, the empty nest period—the postparental phase in parents’ lives when their children have left home and they are no longer engaged in childrearing—is becoming an increasingly common experience in Western and Asian cultures. The current theoretical review examines the psychological consequences of the empty nest period on loneliness and well-being across cultures, emphasizing the impact of cultural factors on these experiences. By synthesizing research from Western and Asian contexts, we explore two primary theoretical mechanisms—role loss and role strain relief—that shape the postparental phase’s psychological outcomes. Our review reveals that while some parents experience reduced well-being due to role loss, others benefit from role strain relief and increased social engagement. We highlight how cultural differences in familial roles, gender roles, social expectations regarding nest-leaving, and social participation patterns moderate these mechanisms. We propose a comprehensive cultural framework, along with a discussion of culturally sensitive interventions to enhance the well-being of empty nesters globally.

Hemangioblastomas are rare, benign, and highly vascular tumors of the central nervous system, often associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple tumors. We present a case of a 32-year-old male with progressive headaches, visual disturbances, and motor deficits, who was diagnosed with multiple hemangioblastomas in the cervical-thoracic spinal cord and bilateral cerebellum through MRI. Surgical resection and histopathological biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. This case highlights the critical role of MRI in diagnosing and managing VHL-associated hemangioblastomas and underscores the importance of regular imaging for early detection and intervention of new or recurring tumors, optimizing patient outcomes.

An infectious disease called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) can lead to a number of disorders affecting cattle's respiratory system. The disease is caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV-1). Based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, BoAHV-1 strains are divided into subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b, and 1.3. IBR is currently widespread throughout the world, with the exception of a few nations that have achieved eradication. The most significant characteristic of this illness is that, after a clinical or subclinical infection, the virus typically establishes a latent condition that can later be reactivated in the presence of stress, immunosuppressive conditions/substances, or other diseases. Primarily, the virus spreads by direct or indirect contact between animals. It may also be transmitted via the reproductive system, causing infectious balanoposthitis or vulvovaginitis. Most virus subtypes are associated with reproductive failure, such as fetal or embryonic resorption and abortions. The virus may also be transmitted through semen, which could lead to genital transfer. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection produces a variety of lesions. Lesion in the mucosal surface usually consists of white necrotic material. Regular methods for diagnosing BoHV-1 infections include isolation in cell culture, ELISA, VNT, and methods based on identification of nucleic acids, like PCR. The interplay of several host, pathogen, environmental, and management factors affects the spread of IBR. Through its impacts on health and fitness, IBR can lead to production losses. In order to minimize the severity of clinical signs and stop the infection from spreading, the veterinarian may advise that sick or at-risk animals be placed under immediate isolation and vaccinated (such as intranasal vaccination, including the use of both killed and live attenuated virus vaccines) as soon as an IBR diagnosis is obtained. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(10.000): 2525-2538]

Furfural is potentially produced from lignocellulose waste of biorefinery processes and is widely used as a value-added in various chemical industries. However, the purification of furfural should be conducted to obtain high purity. This work aims to synthesize, design, and optimize the furfural production using some alternative distillation processes by simulation using Super Pro and ASPEN software. The pretreatment process of producing crude furfural from empty fruit bunch waste is also evaluated. The production cost of $0.23/kg of crude furfural (5 %) was obtained in the preliminary process. In the purification process, the sequenced distillation process was less prospective than the extractive distillation based on the simulation basis and economic evaluation. The extractive distillation using n‑butyl chloride performed better than toluene and benzene as the furfural recovery, and the purity was 98.60 % and 99.94 %, respectively. The payback period (PBP), internal rate return (IRR), and net present value (NPV) also indicated the great performance of the extractive distillation process with values of 1.24 years, 36.04 %, and $14,591,500, respectively. Therefore, the simulation, design, and economic evaluation presented promising results that are feasible for plant establishment.

Based on data from the National Disaster Management Agency (Ind.: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana – BNPB), throughout 2022, more than 91% of disaster events were hydrometeorological disasters, with floods at 43% and landslides at 17%. One of the factors for floods and landslides is high rainfall intensity. Automatic rain gauge (ARG) is a rainfall observation instrument that can accurately measure rainfall at observation points. However, it has problems such as communication systems that cause delays in data transmission, low instrument density, and inability to cover a wide spatial area, which can affect the accuracy of rainfall information. Weather radar is a remote sensing instrument that can estimate rainfall spatially so that weather radar observations can reach areas of the region that do not have ARG. However, before being used as rainfall information, estimation rainfall needs to be evaluated or calibrated. Evaluation of rainfall estimation on weather radar to ARG in Banten at a 30– 120 km distance range, shows a coefficient of determination above 0.8. Based on the studies that have been conducted, increase of root mean square error (RMSE) is due to influence of radar observation range and observation distance on ARG. Adjustment of rainfall estimation improves the accuracy of rainfall estimation. Adjusting rainfall estimation can reduce RMSE by 50%.

Kondisi oseanografi dan pemilihan lokasi adalah faktor penting dalam keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan kegiatan budidaya lobster laut menggunakan sistem keramba jaring apung. Salah satu kendala budidaya lobster adalah belum adanya aturan khusus mengenai kriteria kesesuaian lokasi budidaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kriteria dan lokasi yang sesuai untuk budidaya lobster di sekitar perairan Teluk Pidada. Dasar kriteria yang digunakan adalah kesesuaian kondisi oseanografi dan kualitas air laut terhadap konstruksi keramba jaring apung dan habitat alamiah lobster. Metode analisis spasial menggunakan sistem informasi geografi dengan sistem pembobotan digunakan dalam penentuan lokasi yang sesuai untuk budidaya, yang mencakup kecerahan, kekeruhan, TSS, klorofil-a, DO, nitrat, fosfat, amonia, pH, TOM, dan salinitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 9 dari 15 parameter memiliki kondisi yang sangat sesuai. Hasil studi analisis kesesuaian wilayah memperlihatkan bahwa 78,8% perairan atau seluas 2.890,8 ha dalam kategori sangat sesuai, kemudian hanya 21,2% perairan atau seluas 755,2 ha yang tergolong sesuai, dan tidak ditemukan kategori tidak sesuai di perairan Teluk Pidada. Hampir sebagian besar wilayah teluk sesuai untuk budidaya lobster, namun sebagian titik berlokasi agak menjauh dari daratan karena tingginya nutrien dan run-off kurang sesuai untuk kegiatan budidaya.

The coffee industry has experienced rapid growth over the last decade. In this research, the content-based filtering approach is employed to suggest cafes by analyzing the similarity of different features or attributes. The degree of similarity is influenced by the similarity of item profiles between cafes. CW Coffee & Eatery had the highest similarity value of 0.4802 because it found 16 item profiles that were similar to Cosan Seturan. In contrast, Kelanaloka has a very low similarity value of 0.1844, because only 7 similar item profiles were identified when compared. This research shows that content-based filtering methods can be effectively applied to cafe recommendation systems.

This research focuses on developing a restaurant recommender system designed to assist users in selecting restaurants based on preferences such as cuisine type and proximity, thereby enhancing the dining experience. The system employs a content-based filtering approach combined with the Cosine Similarity algorithm to calculate similarity values between restaurant addresses and categories, ensuring personalized and accurate recommendations. Data for the system was collected from TripAdvisor and Google Maps using a web scraping method, resulting in a comprehensive dataset that reflects a wide variety of dining options. An experiment involving 30 respondents was conducted to evaluate the system's performance under real-world conditions. The results demonstrated an accuracy rate of 88%, indicating that the recommender system effectively delivers highly relevant restaurant suggestions to users. These findings suggest that the system can serve as a valuable tool for culinary tourists and local residents, simplifying the process of discovering new dining experiences and aligning them with individual preferences.

One method to diagnose retinal diseases is by using the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans. Annually, it is estimated that around 30 million OCT scans are performed worldwide. However, the process of analyzing and diagnosing OCT scan results by an ophthalmologist requires a long time so machine learning, especially deep learning, can be utilized to shorten the diagnosis process and speed up the treatment process. In this study, several pre-trained deep learning models are compared, including EfficientNet-B0, ResNet-50V2, Inception-V3, and DenseNet-169. These models will be fine-tuned and trained with a dataset containing OCT scanned images to classify four retinal conditions, namely Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Drusen, and Normal. The models that have been trained are then tested to classify the test set and the results are evaluated using a confusion matrix in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. The results show that the model with the best classification results in the batch size of 32 scenario is the ResNet-50V2 model with an accuracy value of 98.24%, precision of 98.25%, recall of 98.24%, and F1-score of 98.24%. While for the batch size of 64, the EfficientNet-B0 model is the model with the best classification results with an accuracy value of 96.59%, precision of 96.84%, recall of 96.59%, and F1-score of 96.59%.

While previous research has demonstrated the beneficial role of pop music in foreign language learning, there is a lack of studies exploring the potential impact of Chinese folk songs on Mandarin language acquisition. This study aimed to investigate whether a curriculum based on Chinese folk songs enhances the outcomes of Mandarin Chinese learning in foreign speakers. International students in a university in Beijing who were attending regular Mandarin courses were allocated into two groups: the group receiving an additional Chinese folk song-based curriculum (intervention) and the group not (control). Mandarin proficiency after one and two semesters between the two groups was assessed using the Chinese Proficiency Test (i.e., Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, HSK) by the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analyses. 16 international students were analysed (intervention: 8; control: 8). After adjusting for time, the intervention group showed a significantly higher HSK score in listening section (adjusted [beta] = 7.86, p = 0.015) than that of the control group. In conclusions, Chinese folk song-based curriculum has the potential to enhance Mandarin listening among foreign speakers.

Background: The outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Indonesia induces reproductive disorders in dairy cows that lead to economic losses to smallholder dairy farms. Aim: The study was to assess the influence of FMD on reproductive traits and evaluate the effect of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) administrations on the reproductive performance in FMD-infected dairy cows. Methods: The study was conducted in Jemowo village, Taman Sari sub-district, Boyolali district, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 155 cows were used to identify the reproductive disorders on FMD-infected dairy cows aged 2 to 10 years old. Cows were raised in similar conditions and fed diets. A single dose of 2 ml GnRH was injected intramuscularly into 96 ovarian disorder cows. Reproductive performance was measured by service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR), and pregnancy rate (PR). A descriptive study was conducted to demonstrate the results. Results: The study showed that FMD-infected cows had reproductive disorders (61.9%), whereby 53.5% ovarian hypofunction, 4.52% silent heat, 1.94% repeat breeder, 1.29% ovarian atrophy, and 0.65% endometritis. FMD-infected cows injected with GnRH had a 98% reproductive recovery rate. Moreover, the S/C, CR, and PR of cows injected with GnRH were 2.02, 51%, and 85%. Conclusion: GnRH administrations enhanced the reproductive traits of FMD-infected dairy cows indicated by the improvement of CR and PR. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(8.000): 2079-2084]

Perjalanan Panjang hukum pidana kita telah sampai pada pembaharuan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidnaa (KUHP), hak ini menjadi nilai penting dalam peradaban hukum pidana kita mengingat KUHP adalah backbone pengaturan hukum pidana. Pengesahan sempat tertunda akibat berbagai demo penolakan, namun itu merupakan dinamisasi demokrasi dibidang hukum. UU No. 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP merupakan pengaturan hukum pidana yang mendasarkan pada nilai-nilai keIndonesiaan, diharapkan lebih maksimal dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi seluruh bangsa. Beberapa perubahan yang muncul dalam UU No. 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP adalah masukannya nilai-nilai Pancasila, hukum yang hidup di masyarakat, nilai kesimbangan, dan hak asasi manusia. Dalam konsep pemidanaan juga telah bergeser dari konsep retributif diwujudkan dengan alternatif pemidanaan yang lebih beragam. Pemahaman terhadap filosofis maupun teknis penerapan KUHP yang baru ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi Polri untuk segera mempersiapkan diri sebagai garda terdepan untuk melaksanakan penegakan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalh yuridis normatif terkait KUHP. Aparat penegak Hukum harus menjaga keseluruhan kepentingan antara kepentingan individu, perlindungan pelaku tindak pidana dan korban, antara perbuatan dan sikap batin, antara hukum tertulis dengan hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat (the living law/adat), antara nasional dan universal, serta antara HAM dan kewajiban asasi. Perlunya sosialisasi maupun penyesuaian peraturan perundang-undang dalam lingkup Kepolisian. Mengantisipasi potensi tantangan atau masalah yang mungkin muncul seiring dengan perubahan sistem hukum dalam bidang pidana di Indonesia, yang pada hakekatnya untuk mewujudkan hukum di Indonesia yang memenuhi asas kesimbangan dan berkeadilan.

Biodiesel, a third-generation bio-fuels, offering several advantages over regular diesel fuel. Waste cooking oil (WCO) emerges as an ideal feedstock due to its availability and easy accessibility. In this work, biodiesel is utilized from two different types of immobilized lipases: Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RMIM) and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). The impact of the molar ratio of oil to methyl acetate (1:3-1:12) was evaluated for both lipases, and the resultant biodiesel was tested in diesel engine. The enzymatic transesterification was carried out in ultrasonic assistance and the results showed that the greatest yield of 81.20% at 45℃, using CALB as a biocatalyst, 1.8% (w/v) lipase and oil to methyl acetate molar ratio of 1:12 within 3 hours. Triacetin, by-product was determined their concentration for each molar ratio and analyzed using FTIR range of 500cm-1 to 4000cm-1, revealing a significant absorption peak at 1238.90cm-1. Biodiesel was blended with commercial diesel fuel in varying quantities of 7, 10, and 20% by volume (B20). The results were compared to Industrial Diesel Fuel 7% (B7) and Commercial Diesel Fuel 10% (B10). NOx and CO2 emission drops as the percentage of diesel/biodiesel blends increases, supporting WCO as a cost-effective biodiesel feedstock with low petrol pollution.

Currently, the interest of comic readers in Indonesia is increasing and has become a popular culture. With so many comics released each year, it makes it difficult for the readers to find comics that fulfill their criteria, therefore the recommendation system becomes a feature that is quite important and has a role in helping the readers. The data used is comic data totaling 1219 comics, with details of 471 physical comics published by Elex Media Komputindo publishers and 748 digital comics released on the Line Webtoon Indonesia platform. This research uses the Content Based Filtering algorithm because it only utilizes title and synopsis data from the comic. The Cosine Similarity method is used to calculate the similarity value of a comic data with the criteria that has been entered and can test the data 10 times until the system successfully gives suitable comic recommendations with an average precision score of 94.86%.

In this work silver nano/micro-particles have been synthesized using sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) plant extract as a bio-reducing agent. The effects of different plant extract concentrations, AgNO3 precursor concentrations, and reaction time on the synthesized silver nano/micro-particles were investigated. The silver nano/micro-particles samples were then analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV-Vis absorbance spectrum of the colloid silver nano/micro-particles exhibited that all samples had absorbance peaks at a wavelength around 450 nm, confirming the formation of silver nano/micro-particles. It was also found that the UV-Vis absorbance peak of the silver nano/micro-particles inversely increased with decreasing AgNO3 solution concentration. Whereas, the higher the sambiloto extract concentration the higher the UV-Vis absorbance peaks. The UV-Vis absorbance peak increased with increasing synthesis time, suggesting that silver nano/micro-particles became more prominent. The UV-Vis absorbance peaks of the silver nano/micro-particles were about 0.0462, 0.0637, 0.0729, and 0.0936 at reaction time of 5, 10, 20, and 40 min, respectively. The XRD analysis result confirmed that the synthesized silver nano/micro-particles were in the form of nanocrystals with a face-centered cubic centered without any impurities. Additionally, the FESEM images showed that the silver nano/micro-particles had the primary particle size of 150-300 nm. There was the formation of some secondary particles with the size of about 0.7-1.5?m due to the agglomeration of primary particles. The particle size distribution analysis further confirmed the presence of primary and secondary particles. Meanwhile, the FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of four main peaks, linked to functional groups in the sambiloto extract and involved in the creation of silver nano/micro-particles.

Abstract Global challenges in ovarian cancer underscore the need for cost-effective screening. This study aims to assess the role of pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte-Ratio (LMR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and CA-125 in distinguishing benign and malignant ovarian tumors, while also constructing nomogram models for distinguish benign and malignant ovarian tumor using inflammatory biomarkers and CA-125. This is a retrospective study of 206 ovarian tumor patients. We conducted bivariate analysis to compare mean values of CA-125, LMR, NLR, and PLR with histopathology results. Multiple regression logistic analysis was then employed to establish predictive models for malignancy. NLR, PLR, and CA-125 exhibited statistically higher levels in malignant ovarian tumors compared to benign ones (5.56 ± 4.8 vs. 2.9 ± 2.58, 278.12 ± 165.2 vs. 180.64 ± 89.95, 537.2 ± 1621.47 vs. 110.08 ± 393.05, respectively), while lower LMR was associated with malignant tumors compared to benign (3.2 ± 1.6 vs. 4.24 ± 1.78, p = 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that both PLR and CA125 emerged as independent risk factors for malignancy in ovarian tumors (P(z) 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Utilizing the outcomes of multiple regression logistic analysis, a nomogram was constructed to enhance malignancy prediction in ovarian tumors. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the significance of NLR, PLR, CA-125, and LMR in diagnosing ovarian tumors. PLR and CA-125 emerged as independent risk factors for distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors. The nomogram model offers a practical way to enhance diagnostic precision.

This research analyzes debt settlement strategies in fulfilling the rights of concurrent creditors to the debtor's assets used as debt collateral, considering Aristotle's concept of proportional justice. Through a normative juridical approach, this research explores applicable laws and regulations, case studies, and related literature to understand the dispute resolution mechanism between concurrent creditors and preferred creditors. The results show that the main challenge in achieving proportional justice for concurrent creditors arises when the debtor's assets are insufficient to fulfill all debt obligations. Some debt settlement strategies identified include debt restructuring, rescheduling payments, and mediation or arbitration mechanisms. Discussion of the research results highlighted the importance of legal protection for concurrent creditors in debt settlement, which aligns with Aristotle's concept of proportional justice. Policy recommendations include the expansion of the court's authority to handle cases involving conflicting creditor rights. This research is expected to contribute to the development of fairer and more effective policies for concurrent creditors and provide practical guidance for legal practitioners in handling cases involving debtor asset collateral.

The frequent zoonotic disease known as "bovine tuberculosis" is brought on by the Mycobacterium bovis bacteria, which can infect both people and animals. The aim of this review article is to provide an explanation of the etiology, history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of bovine tuberculosis. Primarily, bovine tuberculosis affects cattle, but other animals may also be affected. Bovine tuberculosis is present throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Cattle that contract bovine tuberculosis might suffer from a persistent, crippling illness. In the early stages of the disease, there are no symptoms. The tuberculin test is the primary method for detecting bovine tuberculosis in cows. Depending on its localized site in the infected animal, M. bovis can be found in respiratory secretions, milk, urine, faeces, vaginal secretions, semen, feces, and exudates from lesions (such as lymph node drainage and some skin lesions). This illness generally lowers cattle productivity and could have a negative financial impact on the livestock business, particularly the dairy industry. The most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy consists of isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, and streptomycin. Second line drugs used against bovine tuberculosis include ethionamide, capreomycin, thioacetazone, and cycloserine. To successfully control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, developed nations have implemented routine testing and culling of infected animals under national mandatory programs. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(6.000): 1330-1344]

Corruption can be defined as an extraordinary crime. The consequences of corruption crimes can damage democratic values, morals (local wisdom), harm the country's finances and/or economy, and violate the social and economic rights of the community. Agencies responsible for investigating and prosecuting criminal acts of corruption include the police, prosecutor's office, and the Corruption Eradication Commission. Corruption is defined as the actions of those in positions of authority, including politicians and civil servants, who enrich themselves illegally and unfairly, abusing the power entrusted to them by society. Corruption is defined as the misappropriation of state or government funds (including those of companies, organizations, and foundations) for personal or other individuals' interests. It is imperative that law enforcement agencies prioritize focus, prevention, and strengthening. The research method employed is a legal and doctrinal approach, which examines secondary data. The author concludes that corruption persists and that the integrity of law enforcement officers is questionable. To eradicate corruption, it is necessary to re-focus on methods such as "follow the money" and "asset recovery." It is also essential to make legal breakthroughs regarding digital exposure or publication, and to implement prevention and control of criminal acts of corruption, including carrying out prevention and education efforts within political parties. Abstrak Korupsi dapat diakualifikasikan kejahatan luar biasa, akibat kejahatan korupsi dapat merusak nilai-nilai demokrasi, moral (kearifan lokal), merugikan keuangan dan/ perekonomian negara, melanggar hak-hak sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Instansi yang berkaitan dengan penuntutan tindak pidana korupsi, yaitu kepolisian, kejaksaan, dan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Korupsi diartikan sebagai tindakan penguasa, baik politisi (dalam keterkaitan tertentu) maupun pegawai negeri, yang memperkaya diri sendiri secara tidak sah dan/ tidak adil, menyalahgunakan kekuasaan yang dipercayakan masyarakat kepadanya. Korupsi adalah penyelewengan dana negara/pemerintah (perusahaan, organisasi, yayasan, dan lain-lain) untuk kepentingan pribadi atau orang lain. Perlunya fokus dan pencegahan dan penguatan dalam penegakan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan undang-undang maupun doktrin, yang mengkaji dari data sekunder. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa korupsi tetap terjadi dan diwarnai integritas para oknum penegak hukum yang diragukan, pelaksanaan metode pemberantasan korupsi memerlukan pemfokusan kembali (re-focussing) terutama follow the money dan asset recovery, perlu dilakukan terobosan hukum tentang pemaparan atau publikasi digital, dan secara periodik tentang pelaksanaan pencegahan dan penanggulangan tindak pidana korupsi, termasuk melakukan upaya pencegahan dan edukasi di dalam partai politik.

Everyone, including students with impairments, has the right to access education. Many of these students, however, lack access to education. In this study, we discuss teachers' perspectives concerning students with disabilities in Indonesian inclusive schools. We gathered and obtained qualitative data through observation and in-depth interviews. 32 teachers who teach students with disabilities in inclusive schools participated. Data were analyzed by the Interactive Model of Analysis that comprises four steps: data collection, data display, data reduction, and conclusions. The findings revealed that the teachers' perspectives on inclusive education could be divided into four categories: equality and access, competency and training, caring and empathy, and facilities and human resources. Many obstacles remain in the way of implementing inclusive schools, including a shortage of human resources, limited facilities, and public acceptance of children with disabilities. Teachers in inclusive schools should be trained since the system requires more teachers who can teach children with disabilities. The government should provide sufficient and qualified training. This study is expected to be a source and example in strategic decision-making for policymakers regarding inclusive schools.

Background Glioma is the second most common type of brain tumor, accounting for 24% of all brain tumor cases. The current diagnostic procedure is through an invasive tissue sampling to obtain histopathological analysis, however, not all patients are able to undergo a high-risk procedure. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as promising biomarkers for glioma due to their sensitivity, specificity, and non-invasive properties. There is currently no defined miRNA profile that contributes to determining the grade of glioma. This study aims to find the answer for “Is there any significant miRNA that able to distinguish different grades of glioma?”. Methods This study was conducted to compare the expression of miRNAs between low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG). Eighteen blood plasma samples from glioma patients and 6 healthy controls were analyzed for 798 human miRNA profiles using NanoString nCounter Human v3 miRNA Expression Assay. The differential expressions of miRNAs were then analyzed to identify the differences in miRNA expression between LGG and HGG. Results Analyses showed significant expressions in 12 miRNAs between LGG and HGG, where all of them were downregulated. Out of these significant miRNAs, miR-518b, miR-1271-3p, and miR-598-3p showed the highest potential for distinguishing HGG from LGG, with area under curve (AUC) values of 0.912, 0.889, and 0.991, respectively. Conclusion miR-518b, miR-1271-3p, and miR-598-3p demonstrate significant potentials in distinguishing LGG and HGG.

The ministry of education of Indonesia has issued several provisos concerning the virtues integral to school curricula, framed as character education. Teachers and, assumedly, student teachers, shoulder fundamental roles in embracing these values into school intra- and extra- curricular designs. These designs encompass primarily lesson plans and instructional materials. Notwithstanding, the current discussions have highlighted gapping void between the aspirations toward which teachers and students are expected to march and the education by which they prepare their future character education. The present study delves into teachers and student teachers' perceptions and self-efficacy on character education. It employs descriptive quantitative design to portray the general voices among teachers and student teachers with regard to character education. The research data are collected through online survey distributed to 134 participants of diverse educational as well as professional profiles. The findings highlight the harmony among participants with regard to the urgency of embracing character education, yet ambivalence prevails when dealing with the efficacy of shouldering the task. Implications on current character education and suggestions future character education are proposed. In Indonesian setting, despite the stirrings within teacher community to give character education higher prominence, most of the participants are still doubtful about how much they can accrue positive changes in students' characters.

The purpose of this research discusses (1) to find out the preparation of pre-service teacher students in using digital storytelling in online learning, (2) to study the implementation of teaching English by using digital storytelling, and (3) to find out the pre-service teacher students' perception in using digital storytelling. This research is using phenomenological research qualitative emic approach with 8 pre-service teacher students implemented the digital storytelling in the online classroom and their perception of digital storytelling to be used in online system. Three instruments applied in this research, they were observation, interview, and documentation. As it is found in this research that pre-service teacher students were easy in implementing digital storytelling, fun, efficient, and challenging during teaching English class, as the summary that the implementation of digital storytelling was successfully done by the pre-service students and the increasing of eagerness of students to get more stories was high which gave an alternative solution in online teaching process.

This research aims to analyse students' conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium matter using Physics Education Technology (PhET) Interactive Simulations. Students' misconceptions can be caused by the difficulty in connecting the sub-microscopic, macroscopic, and symbolic levels of understanding in chemistry. The study was conducted at a secondary school with a total sample of 108 students using a quantitative research method. The results showed that multiple-choice questions of the two-tier Chemical Equilibrium Diagnostic Instrument (CEDI) used in this study meet with the Rasch measurement model. The students who answered correctly on content knowledge ranged from 11.1-90.7%. However, the percentage decreased to 11.1-84.3% once the content knowledge and reasons were combined. The option probability curve responses identified the students' misconceptions that were further investigated by interviews. PhET Interactive Simulations require improvements or additional features to help students better understand conceptual understanding through analogies of product and reactant molecules' movement in the equilibrium system.

United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) sebagai salah satu instrumen hukum internasional yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pilihan hukum (choice of law) dalam kontrak komersial internasional. Dalam hal ini, CISG dijadikan applicable substantive lawdalam menyelesaikan sengketa yang timbul diantara para pihak yang berkontrak. Namun demikian, pada proses penyelesaian sengketa di forum arbitrase, majelis arbiter dapat memiliki pertimbangan yang berbeda dalam menerapkan CISG sebagai applicable substantive law. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan hasil analisis yang komprehensif tentang apa yang menjadi pertimbangan majelis arbiter dalam menetapkan CISG sebagai applicable substantive law dalam beberapa kasus jual beli barang internasional. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka, sementara teknik analisis data menggunakan interpretasi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga hal yang digunakan sebagai pertimbangan majelis arbiter dalam menerapkan CISG sebagai applicable substantive law pada sengketa jual beli barang internasional. Ketiga hal tersebut adalah CISG digunakan sebagai applicable substantive law berdasarkan pada: (1) choice of law yang telah disepakati oleh para pihak di dalam kontrak mereka (party autonomy); (2) ditentukan secara langsung oleh majelis arbiter (voie directe); dan (3) ditentukan secara tidak langsung oleh majelis arbiter (voie indirecte).