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539 results on '"Hart, Prue H."'

1. Demographic and clinical predictors of vitamin D status in pregnant women tested for deficiency in Western Australia

Author

Miller, Kate M., De Klerk, Nick H., Davis, Elizabeth A., Lucas, Robyn M., Hart, Prue H., and Haynes, Aveni

Subjects
Vitamin D deficiency -- Diagnosis -- Demographic aspects -- Risk factors, Pregnant women -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

: Objective: This study aimed to describe the vitamin D status of pregnant women in Western Australia and identify predictors of deficiency in pregnancy. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using linked data from statewide administrative data collections. Participants included pregnant women aged 18–44 years who gave birth between 2012 and 2014. Results: The mean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration was 70.7 nmol L[sup.−1] (SD 25.7; range 5–255 nmol L[sup.−1]). Approximately one‐fifth of the pregnant women were vitamin D deficient ( Conclusions: In addition to the existing risk factors for deficiency, maternal age was an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency. There was a large discrepancy between the time of first antenatal visit and screening for vitamin D deficiency. Implications for public health: Our findings support the addition of maternal age (under 25 years) to the current clinical guidelines for targeted screening of 25(OH)D levels in pregnancy and the practical application of screening for vitamin D deficiency at the first antenatal visit., Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with increased risks of pre‐eclampsia, gestational diabetes, caesarean section, low birthweight and preterm birth (for review[sup.1]). Supplementation trials have shown some promising [...]

Published
2021
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22. Changes in serum neurofilament light chain levels following narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in clinically isolated syndrome

Author

Fabis‐Pedrini, Marzena J., primary, Kuhle, Jens, additional, Roberts, Katherine M. A., additional, Trend, Stephanie, additional, Jones, Anderson P., additional, Maceski, Aleksandra, additional, Carroll, William M., additional, Lucas, Robyn M., additional, Mastaglia, Frank L., additional, Hart, Prue H., additional, and Kermode, Allan G., additional

Published
2022
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24. Immune cell trafficking from the brain maintains CNS immune tolerance

Author

Mohammad, Mohammad G., Tsai, Vicky W.W., Ruitenberg, Marc J., Hassanpour, Masoud, Li, Hui, Hart, Prue H., Breit, Samuel N., Sawchenko, Paul E., and Brown, David A.

Subjects
Immune system -- Research, Physiological research, Cell migration -- Research, Leukocytes -- Physiological aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

In the CNS, no pathway dedicated to immune surveillance has been characterized for preventing the anti-CNS immune responses that develop in autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease. Here, we identified a pathway for immune cells to traffic from the brain that is associated with the rostral migratory stream (RMS), which is a forebrain source of newly generated neurons. Evaluation of fluorescently labeled leukocyte migration in mice revealed that DCs travel via the RMS from the CNS to the cervical LNs (CxLNs), where they present antigen to T cells. Pharmacologic interruption of immune cell traffic with the mononuclear cell-sequestering drug fingolimod influenced anti-CNS T cell responses in the CxLNs and modulated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod treatment also induced EAE in a disease-resistant transgenic mouse strain by altering DC-mediated Treg functions in CxLNs and disrupting CNS immune tolerance. These data describe an immune cell pathway that originates in the CNS and is capable of dampening anti-CNS immune responses in the periphery. Furthermore, these data provide insight into how fingolimod treatment might exacerbate CNS neuroinflammation in some cases and suggest that focal therapeutic interventions, outside the CNS have the potential to selectively modify anti-CNS immunity., Introduction Since the work of Sheri and that of Murphy and Sturm (1), the prevailing paradigm has been that the inert immunological status of the CNS parenchyma is maintained by [...]

Published
2014
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29. Maternal vitamin D levels and the autism phenotype among offspring

Author

Whitehouse, Andrew J.O., Holt, Barbara J., Serralha, Michael, Holt, Patrick G., Hart, Prue H., and Kusel, Merci M.H.

Subjects
Pervasive developmental disorders -- Development and progression, Mother and infant -- Health aspects, Alfacalcidol -- Health aspects, Calcifediol -- Health aspects, Vitamin D -- Health aspects, Pregnant women -- Food and nutrition, Health
Abstract

We tested whether maternal vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy is related to the autism phenotype. Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations of 929 women were measured at 18 weeks' pregnancy. The mothers of the three children with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder had 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations above the population mean. The offspring of 406 women completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient in early adulthood. Maternal 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations were unrelated to offspring scores on the majority of scales. However, offspring of mothers with low 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations ( Keywords Autism spectrum disorder * Autistic-like traits * Vitamin D * Prenatal * Pregnancy * Environment, Introduction Low levels of maternal vitamin D during pregnancy are known to be associated with a range of adverse health outcomes in offspring, including intrauterine growth-restriction (Morley et al. 2006), [...]

Published
2013
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45. Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem

Author

Alfredsson, Lars, Armstrong, Bruce K, Butterfield, D Allan, Chowdhury, Rajiv, de Gruijl, Frank R, Feelisch, Martin, Garland, Cedric F, Hart, Prue H, Hoel, David G, Jacobsen, Ramune, Lindqvist, Pelle G, Llewellyn, David J, Tiemeier, Henning, Weller, Richard B, Young, Antony R, Alfredsson, Lars, Armstrong, Bruce K, Butterfield, D Allan, Chowdhury, Rajiv, de Gruijl, Frank R, Feelisch, Martin, Garland, Cedric F, Hart, Prue H, Hoel, David G, Jacobsen, Ramune, Lindqvist, Pelle G, Llewellyn, David J, Tiemeier, Henning, Weller, Richard B, and Young, Antony R

Abstract

This article aims to alert the medical community and public health authorities to accumulating evidence on health benefits from sun exposure, which suggests that insufficient sun exposure is a significant public health problem. Studies in the past decade indicate that insufficient sun exposure may be responsible for 340,000 deaths in the United States and 480,000 deaths in Europe per year, and an increased incidence of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, autism, asthma, type 1 diabetes and myopia. Vitamin D has long been considered the principal mediator of beneficial effects of sun exposure. However, oral vitamin D supplementation has not been convincingly shown to prevent the above conditions; thus, serum 25(OH)D as an indicator of vitamin D status may be a proxy for and not a mediator of beneficial effects of sun exposure. New candidate mechanisms include the release of nitric oxide from the skin and direct effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on peripheral blood cells. Collectively, this evidence indicates it would be wise for people living outside the tropics to ensure they expose their skin sufficiently to the sun. To minimize the harms of excessive sun exposure, great care must be taken to avoid sunburn, and sun exposure during high ambient UVR seasons should be obtained incrementally at not more than 5-30 min a day (depending on skin type and UV index), in season-appropriate clothing and with eyes closed or protected by sunglasses that filter UVR.

Published
2020

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