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The main concerns with electrical distribution networks are the degradation of power quality. The main culprit behind this problem is non-linear technology, specifically switching devices and power electronics converters. Power supply efficiency, system efficacy, power factor loss, etc. Are all adversely impacted by non- linearity. It is necessary to compensate for the reactive power since it has increased as a result of the power factor drop and does not contribute to the transmission of energy. In this project, Artificial Intelligence based controllers have been proposed for improving Power Quality in Grid connected Distribution System. This is used to reduce the harmonics of current and other correlated power quality issues caused by reactive power. With the aid of the MATLAB/ SIMULINK toolkit, these control approaches are to be simulated. In this paper, we examine whether ANN or ANFIS is the most appropriate method.

Background: Bruchid beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis) is one of the devastating field carry over storage pest causing a huge crop loss, especially in greengram. The pre-breeding lines were developed by crossing between a cultivated variety, VBN (Gg) 2 and Vigna radiata var. sublobata, a progenitor species of greengram used as a resistant parent against bruchid. Methods: A total of 53 stabilized inter sub-specific lines along with parents were screened for bruchid resistance by ‘no choice’ method with two replications. Screening parameters were recorded for all the 53 lines and were statistically analysed. Damage assessment was carried out and the three resistant lines obtained during initial screening was further confirmed. Result: The low seed damage per cent was observed in three lines viz., GGISC-2 (18.00), GGISC-21 (20.00) and GGISC-49 (14.00). The susceptibility index was 0.048, 0.049 and 0.048 in GGISC-2, GGISC-21 and GGISC-49, respectively and hence, classified as bruchid resistant. Delayed adult emergence, uneven adult emergence, prolonged developmental period, small and malformed adults were the other parameters observed in resistant lines. The three resistant lines identified could be further utilized in the breeding programmes for the development of bruchid resistant varieties in greengram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • First report of oldest sedimentation in Chitradurga Group of Dharwar Craton, India. • Regional oxic pools in the passive margin mediated by microbial growth. • Paleo–Mesoarchean Mn sedimentation inferred from detrital zircon U-Pb ages of 3230 ± 52 Ma. The early Archean oceans were marked by significant redox changes which have subsequently shaped the Earth's biosphere. Archean chemical sediments of banded Iron and Manganese formations provide important geochemical proxies for these historical shifts in the redox conditions and to trace the ancient sedimentation patterns and protoliths. In this study, we investigate the proto-ore of the Archean Mn-formations of the Sandur, Chitradurga and Shimoga greenstone belts of Dharwar Craton of southern Peninsular India, which is geochemically characterised as quartz arenites, Mn-arenites, Fe-arenites, Mn-argillites and Fe-argillites. The geochemical systematics suggest their deposition in shallow to deeper shelf in the Archean proto-ocean. The detrital zircon U-Pb systematics of Mn arenites and argillites indicate their maximum depositional age of 3230 ± 52 Ma representing the oldest onset of sedimentation during the Paleo–Mesoarchean timeframe in the Chitradurga Group of Dharwar Supergroup. The detrital influx proxies suggest variations in sedimentation rates associated with the Archean transgressive–regressive cycles and fluctuating hydrodynamic conditions, together reflecting an increasing trend in the contributions of recycled sediment from Sandur to Chitradurga and Shimoga greenstone belts. The available detrital zircon ages of the Mn arenites and argillites from these greenstone belts indicate a ∼ 600 Ma prolonged period of Mn deposition for which high-T hydrothermal fluids from Archean mid-oceanic ridges supplied the manganese. The trace element compositions of the concordant detrital zircons suggest 3.3–3.1 Ga Dharwar basement TTG/granitoid source which is corroborated by the zircon crystallization temperatures of 690–820 °C. The source-normalised α-dose rates of the detrital zircons signify greater degrees of sediment transport and multi-cycle nature which correspond to the earliest episode of crustal growth in the Indian sub-continent associated with the Mesoarchean Ur supercontinent. The clastic-chemogenic sedimentation attained through concomitant detrital sediment–seawater-metalliferous hydrothermal fluid mixing at an epicontinental passive margin resulted in the deposition of Mn-arenites and argillites closer to the higher Eh shore, while the Fe-rich sediments formed at a relatively deeper shelf characterised by comparatively lower Eh and more alkaline conditions. The comprehensive geochemical and geochronological data of the Archean Mn arenite-argillite sequences reveal the significance of regional episodes of ocean oxygenation at the shallow shelves of Archean oceans prior to great oxygenation event (GOE) that was mediated by the prolific growth of ancient microbiota which transformed the Earth to a more habitable planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]