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This doctoral thesis builds on the author's MA research into back-to-back terraced houses in the Harehills neighbourhood of Leeds, which successfully argued that the undesignated houses have considerable heritage significance that is not recognised in policy and puts them at risk. This research further considers their heritage significance, taking account of the value of the houses and neighbourhood to their resident communities, and explores how this can be reconciled with twenty-first century living requirements to inform their future. It does this by tracing their architectural history from 1888 to 2021, and their social history in the periods 1888 to 1920 and 2017 to 2021. Critically examining the use and meaning of the houses and neighbourhood for residents past and present brings new understandings of the value of the place, not just in terms of working-class history and heritage, but of the experiences of living in a multicultural and vibrant, yet deprived and arguably financially-neglected inner city neighbourhood. These individual and collective understandings of sense of place inform an exploration of residents' and professionals' aspirations for the neighbourhood's future and of the existing policy frameworks that may facilitate transformative change, highlighting the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. The ethnographic approach uses a mixed methodology incorporating architectural, archaeological, historical and social science methods, cross-referencing an exceptional array of sources from archives, the built environment, participants and literature. In doing so, it pieces together the complexities of the neighbourhood's past and present to make an entirely new contribution to knowledge, and crucially, prioritises the voices of marginalised residents. Moreover, the new knowledge can, and is already being used to initiate the changes residents want, and the scope and methodology of the research will undoubtedly be of interest to stakeholders in other historic inner-city working-class terraced areas throughout the country.

Research question: How do you people with schizophrenia and their carers live with a diagnosis of schizophrenia? Research aim: To gain a greater understanding of the meaning and experience of schizophrenia. The objective of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experience of schizophrenia. Sample: Self-selected sample of 35 participants (22 people with schizophrenia and 13 carers) recruited from the local community. . Data collection: 33 unstructured audiotaped interviews conducted in participants' own homes. In addition some participants completed diaries. Interviews were conducted in two stages: in stage one 10 participants were interviewed, transcripts were analysed and probes were fine tuned and in stage two these probes were used in the remaining interviews. Data analysis: Verbatim transcripts were analysed using the coding paradigm proposed by Strauss (1987), in conjunction with Burnard's (1991) 14 stage model of analysis. Inductive coding was used and respondent validation was completed. Findings: Stress was described as a major cause of schizophrenia. Some participants with schizophrenia described moving on in their lives, a factor associated with having a positive self-concept. Other participants with schizophrenia reported feeling stopped in their lives, which was associated with acceptance of the diagnosis, and having a negative self-concept. The most severe problems they reported were social and psychological. Male and female participants with schizophrenia were treated differently. Some participants with schizophrenia sought support while others chose isolation. Mental health nursing care was reported as coercive and disempowering. Carers described conflict within families, carer burden, and stress. Those who had been caregiving for longer appeared to have adapted and now experienced less stress and burden than others. Younger carers and carers who have been caregiving for a shorter time and were less willing to accept the caregiving role, reported more burden and stress. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a positive self-concept may be necessary to move on after the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The inability to move on may be a result of a negative self-concept or disempowering care. There was no partnership and no shared understanding of schizophrenia, or of care, between these participants with schizophrenia and nurses, or between these participants with schizophrenia and their carers, or between carers and nurses. Many of the participants' self-identified needs were not met. A new attitude displaying reluctance about a caregiving role may be emerging.

Nutrition and photoperiod modulate appetite and reproductive neuroendocrine axes in seasonal animals like sheep. Stomach-derived ghrelin is implicated in both axes and this thesis examines its role in sheep. The first experiment describes immunolocalisation of ghrelin and its functional receptor (GHSR-la) in peripheral tissues (stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver and kidney), brain (hypothalamus), pituitary (all secretory cells) and gonads. Expression in testes was seasonally dependent, and levels of ghrelin expression in placenta paralleled the placental growth curve. The second experiment examined effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) ghrelin administration. ICV ghrelin transiently increased food intake in long days (LD), but not in short days (SD), and decreased reproductive neuroendocrine (LH) output in SD, but not in LD. In both photoperiods, ICV ghrelin stimulated growth hormone (GH) release. Early response gene activation in hypothalamic neurones following ICV ghrelin suggested mediation of these responses via NPY and other pathways. The final experiment reports endogenous ghrelin concentrations during increasing (INP), decreasing (DNP) or static (SNP) nutritional status. Plasma LH, insulin and leptin were increased, constant and decreased, respectively, and GH concentrations decreased in INP sheep. However, plasma ghrelin concentrations were similar between groups, diurnally and over time. Collectively, these studies indicate that endogenous ghrelin is not a meal initiator in sheep and it does not play a key functional role regulating appetite, reproduction or GH secretion under "normal" physiological conditions. However, ghrelin may act as an emergency signal of acute nutritional demand, with photoperiod influencing hypothalamic responses. Additionally, ghrelin may be implicated in tissue development and function within the reproductive axis.