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Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a multifaceted disease, and integration of AUD treatment between mental health and hepatology is necessary to improve outcomes. We aimed to ascertain whether patients with excessive alcohol use (EAU) and high FIB‐4, which is a non‐invasive method to identify advanced liver disease, are appropriately referred to hepatology and detect which clinical barriers, if any, might pertain. Methods: Records of patients with excessive alcohol use between 2013 and 2023 were extracted from a large public system. Demographics, alcohol‐related hospitalizations, mental health conditions, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and referral patterns were evaluated. Comparisons were made between those referred to hepatology versus not. Results: 1131 subjects showed evidence of EAU but on further review, 189 were in alcohol‐remission. The remaining 942 (636 men, age 55.7 ± 14.5 years, 548 white, 363 black, 19 Hispanic) subjects with CCI 2.61 ± 2.23 were further analyzed for FIB‐4 score and referral patterns. 316 patients had active EAU and a high FIB‐4, of whom only 116 (37%) were referred to hepatology. Patients with alcohol‐related mental health concerns and admitted for trauma were less likely to be referred. Logistic regression showed referral was higher with alcohol‐related liver hospitalizations (OR: 9.25, 95% CI: 4.90–17.47, p < 0.001), higher CCI (OR: 6.23, 95% CI: 3.00–12.94, p < 0.0001) and lower with mental health admissions (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15–0.48, p < 0.001) or mental health diagnoses (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15–0.82, p = 0.02) and increasing age (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In a large public health system, almost 63% of patients with EAU and FIB‐4 >2.67 are not referred to hepatology for evaluation. Patients not referred were more likely to have alcohol‐related mental‐health hospitalizations and mental health diagnoses, while those with liver‐related hospitalizations and comorbidities were more likely to be referred. Greater education of mental health providers and for teams taking care of inpatients admitted with alcohol‐related mental health concerns would better integrate care and improve outcomes for patients with higher risk for advanced liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In human-dominated areas where top predators no longer occur, interactions among medium-sized predators can be complex, especially when considering how they share space and time based on seasonal changes in food and habitat. We studied this using camera traps placed in various habitats from February 2021 to July 2023, at Fort De Soto County Park, a barrier island complex located in west central Florida. Three species of mammals (coyotes, raccoons, and Virginia opossums) were the most frequently photographed. Our analysis showed that during the wet season, these species were most likely to be photographed in similar habitats and times. During the dry season, when perhaps there were fewer food sources, the species shifted when they were active in a manner that created less overlap. Also in the dry season, opossums made more use of mangrove habitats. Understanding the relationships among these species is important because this area supports nesting shorebirds and sea turtles, known prey for these predators. Due to lack of apex predators in human-dominated landscapes, mesopredator relationships are complex and spatiotemporal niche partitioning strategies can vary, especially when seasonal shifts in resource availability occur. Our objective was to understand spatiotemporal niche overlap across seasons among mesopredators inhabiting a barrier island complex. We placed 19 unbaited cameras throughout Fort De Soto County Park, Florida, USA between February 2021 and July 2023. Of six mesopredator species detected, three species had >75 detections during both the wet and dry seasons (coyote, Canis latrans; Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana; and raccoon, Procyon lotor). Using general linear mixed models, we determined that during the wet season coyote–raccoon and raccoon–opossum detections were positively associated with each other (p < 0.05). During the dry season, raccoon–opossum detections were positively associated, and opossums were more likely to be detected around mangroves. After calculating coefficients of overlap, we found all three species varied their temporal activity between seasons. During the dry season exclusively, all three mesopredators occupied different temporal niches. The park's isolated but developed nature has potentially led to a destabilized mesopredator community. Understanding seasonal mesopredator dynamics of Fort De Soto is particularly important because this park supports a high number of nesting shorebirds and sea turtles, which are known food sources for mesopredators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The egregious, global problem of athlete abuse, particularly the physical and mental manipulation and exploitation of young athletes, continues unabated. Within the United States, high profile media cases such as the USA Gymnastics scandal led to the passing of specific legislation which restructured and empowered the U.S. Centre for SafeSport to end athlete abuse. Despite these developments, significant challenges remain, with many stakeholders questioning SafeSport's ability to keep athletes safe. We theorize recent developments through a polycentric governance lens, demonstrating how ongoing events can be explained by poorly conceived structural arrangements and inadequate processes that have led to ineffective co-ordination across the regime. Findings present the challenges with the analysis examining causes and the implications for the future of SafeSport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published in the Journal of Sport Management in 1995, Laurence Chalip's "Policy Analysis in Sport Management" persuasively argued that effective sport managers should equip themselves with a particular set of critical policy analysis tools. Since that time, the study of sport policy has gained a strong foothold in the academic literature, but sport policy analysis is not often linked to managerial practice. This paper offers a critique and synthesis of a number of policy analysis frameworks (including Chalip's), and offers a refreshed set of robust and pragmatic analytical precepts that sport managers might employ to understand and influence policymaking. Following Chalip's original approach, this paper relies on an empirical case involving the development of national sport policy (the United States' Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and SafeSport Authorization Act) to illustrate and support its broader arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are fewer cases of such blatant acts to defy and subsequent heroic efforts to rearrange institutional norms than the Russian doping scandal. In adopting a neo-institutional perspective, the authors theorize the scandal as a case of attempted but failed institutional disruption. More specifically, the authors draw upon the institutional change literature and the institutional work perspective to explain the key events surrounding actors' response to the scandal. The analysis utilized Gioia's methodological approach to examine secondary empirical data. Findings reveal how stakeholders circumvented traditional governance structures in an attempt to disrupt institutional arrangements, but despite this, much of the preexisting institutional infrastructure has remained intact. The authors explain this outcome, in part, as a consequence of the counter-institutional work of key governing agencies and other actors to maintain the status quo within international sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, there has been increasing academic interest in examining the governance of international and Olympic sport (IOS). Common governance approaches applied to sport include federal/unitary governance, systemic governance, collaborative governance, stakeholder governance, and network governance. Despite its attention to system-level governance including multiple decision centres with overlapping jurisdictions, polycentric governance has yet to be applied to sport. This paper examines the IOC's Rule 50 as an empirical case to evaluate the potential of the theory, and more specifically, to analyse how the multiple governing authorities in IOS create and maintain regulatory control. In considering the conceptual characteristics of polycentric governance, the paper finds that it has value in illuminating several key features of IOS and has the potential to add conceptual rigour to the study of a number of different sport systems. The paper finishes with ideas for future research where polycentric governance could be used to garner further insights in IOS and other sport sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of equivalence is important in the context of comparative studies, such as those that compare performance across sporting nations or those that compare good governance across different sport organisations. However, despite its importance, the concept has been interpreted and employed in different ways, resulting in the term being misunderstood or conflated. This article examines the concept of equivalence, discusses how issues of non-equivalence can arise, and identifies potential strategies that can be employed by researchers to ensure it is more appropriately addressed. We examine and apply three main types of equivalence (construct, sample and functional) to two empirical cases, (1) the SPLISS analysis of critical success factors in elite sport policy and (2) Play the Game's Sport Governance Observer to demonstrate how researchers attempt to overcome or at least mitigate the problems of equivalence and how, despite these efforts, there remain equivalence-related problems that limit the reliability and credibility of comparative elements of the study. We conclude our paper by discussing the implications for comparative sport research and specifically how future comparative sport research may be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: Trust is a critical element within organisational and management literature. It reflects the decisions and behaviour of individual actors and the functioning of organisations and their management bodies. However, within the sport governance literature there is a notable absence of work focusing on trust. This study examines the association of trust and structural features within national governing bodies' (NGBs) boards. Research methods: 242 board members of 65 NGBs from Germany participated in an online survey which comprised questions on trust indicators and boards' structural features. Probit models were employed to analyse the association between trust indicators, individual board membership characteristics, and the boards' structural features. Results and findings: Results suggest that trust is a multifaceted phenomenon, affected by various (beneficial and detrimental) variables in the specific context of NGB boards. The study makes numerous interrelation and governance dynamics recognisable, with board size, board members' skill differentiation and temporal stability of boards appearing to be particularly relevant. Implications: The paper complements the professionalisation literature and the leadership discussion in the context of sport governance, particularly with regard to trust-enhancing working conditions within boards. The study also aligns to the good governance literature, revealing that in some respects the issue may be seen to be about trade-offs between trust-based effects and their resultant (positive or negative) outcomes for organisation, board or individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: To what extent are dynamic capabilities present in, and drive the performance of, U.S. Olympic National Governing Bodies (NGBs)? Research methods: Guided by a critical realist perspective we used qualitative semi-structured interviews with the CEO or Executive Director of four U.S.-based NGBs of sport. We examined the effect of dynamic capabilities on the so-called '3M' (members, medals, and money) performance of four purposively selected NGBs. Results and findings: Our findings indicate that NGBs with varied performance in outcomes relating to membership, medals and money had notable differences regarding their approach to innovative leadership, organisational learning, market alignment and resource acquisition and mobilisation. The historical structural context also plays an important role in influencing the behaviour of NGBs. Implications: This paper identifies how frameworks such as Dynamic Capabilities can be applied and further examined in order to drive sustained innovation and enhanced organisational performance specifically within NGBs of sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]