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4. What is the Prevalence of General Anxiety Disorder and Depression Symptoms in Semi-elite Australian Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Author

Henderson, Anthony, Harris, Sarah Ann, Kirkham, Troy, Charlesworth, Jonathon, and Murphy, Myles Calder

Subjects
CROSS-sectional method, ELITE athletes, QUESTIONNAIRES, LOGISTIC regression analysis, AUSTRALIAN football, DISEASE prevalence, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, INTRACLASS correlation, STATISTICAL reliability, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, DATA analysis software, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, GENERALIZED anxiety disorder, MENTAL depression
Abstract

Background: The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in semi-elite Australian footballers is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and depressive symptoms in semi-elite Australian Football players. Our secondary objective was to explore the association between demographic and football-specific factors with GAD and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional epidemiological study including 369 semi-elite Western Australian Football League (WAFL) players from the Men and Women's 2022 season (n = 337 men, 91%) was conducted. Symptoms of depression were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale (PHQ-9) and symptoms of GAD with the GAD-7 scale. Results: Our response rate was 82.9%. Thirteen players had missing data. The prevalence of GAD symptoms was 8.5% in men and 28.6% in women (10% overall). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 20% in men and 57% in women (23% overall). Being a woman (gender) was associated with a sevenfold increased risk of GAD and/or depression symptoms [odds ratio (OR): 7.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.18–16.92; p < 0.001]. Players of 'Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander' ethnicity were two times more likely to report GAD and/or depression symptoms in comparison to players of 'Australian' ethnicity (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.01–4.49; p = 0.048). Concussion history was not a significant risk factor for GAD or depression symptoms. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that approximately 1 in 10 WAFL players met the diagnostic cut-off criteria for probable GAD, and 1 in 5 for probable depression. The prevalence for depression symptoms in this study were far higher than the national average in the comparative age bracket. WAFL women's players also reported a substantially higher prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms than men, and should be further investigated as a priority by the WAFL. Key points: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in semi-elite Australian footballers is unknown, as are those players most at risk. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in semi-elite Australian footballers appears higher than national averages. Women as well as players identifying as of 'Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander' ethnicity are at the highest risk for anxiety and depression symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. Exploring the association between recent concussion, subconcussive impacts and depressive symptoms in male Australian Football players

Author

Harris, Sarah Ann, Chivers, Paola T., McIntyre, Fleur L., Piggott, Ben, Bulsara, Max, Farringdon, Fiona H., Harris, Sarah Ann, Chivers, Paola T., McIntyre, Fleur L., Piggott, Ben, Bulsara, Max, and Farringdon, Fiona H.

Abstract

Objectives: To explore the association between depressive symptoms and recent head-related trauma (diagnosed concussion, subconcussive impacts) in semiprofessional male Australian Football (AF) players. Methods: Sixty-nine semiprofessional male players from a West Australian Football League (WAFL) club participated in the study (M age =21.81, SD=2.91 years). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Injuries and potential confounding variables (eg, pre-existing mental health condition; alcohol or drug hangovers; experiencing a stressful event) were self-reported anonymously using the WAFL Injury Report Survey. Both tools were administered every 2-weeks over the first 22-weeks of the WAFL season. Controlling for potential confounding variables and other injuries, a repeated measures generalised estimating equations model assessed the risk of clinically relevant depressive symptoms occurring, when diagnosed concussion or subconcussive impacts were experienced. Results: A total of 10 concussions and 183 subconcussive impacts were reported. Players who experienced a concussion were almost nine times more likely to experience clinically relevant depressive symptoms (OR 8.88, 95% CI 2.65 to 29.77, p < 0.001). Although elevated, depressive symptoms following subconcussive impacts were not statistically significant (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.92, p = 0.641). Conclusion: These findings indicate that semiprofessional AF athletes may be at risk of experiencing depressive symptoms after concussion. Severity (concussion vs subconcussive impacts) and dose (number of impacts) appear to have an important relationship with depressive symptom outcomes in this cohort and should be considered for further research and management of player welfare. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Published
2020

9. Exploring the association between recent concussion, subconcussive impacts and depressive symptoms in male Australian Football players

Author

Harris, Sarah Ann, Chivers, Paola T., McIntyre, Fleur L., Piggott, Ben, Bulsara, Max, Farringdon, Fiona H., Harris, Sarah Ann, Chivers, Paola T., McIntyre, Fleur L., Piggott, Ben, Bulsara, Max, and Farringdon, Fiona H.

Abstract

Harris, S. A., Chivers, P. T., McIntyre, F. L., Piggott, B., Bulsara, M., & Farringdon, F. H. (2020). Exploring the association between recent concussion, subconcussive impacts and depressive symptoms in male Australian Football players. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), Article e000655. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000655

10. Letter: Sarah Ann Littler and Asa Moore to Ann Moore, June 5, 1821

Author

Sandy Spring Museum Archives, Harris, Sarah Ann Littler; Moore, Asa, 1797-1828, Sandy Spring Museum Archives, and Harris, Sarah Ann Littler; Moore, Asa, 1797-1828

Abstract

Letter dated June 5, 1821 from Sarah Ann Littler (Harris) and her stepfather, Asa Moore in Waterford, Virginia to their mother/wife Ann Moore while she is visiting in Alexandria, Viginia.

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