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2,681 results on '"Harris, Kenneth A."'

1. Conditional Randomization Tests for Behavioral and Neural Time Series

Author

Harris, Kenneth D. and Miller, Kevin J.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Randomization tests allow simple and unambiguous tests of null hypotheses, by comparing observed data to a null ensemble in which experimentally-controlled variables are randomly resampled. In behavioral and neuroscience experiments, however, the stimuli presented often depend on the subject's previous actions, so simple randomization tests are not possible. We describe how conditional randomization can be used to perform exact hypothesis tests in this situation, and illustrate it with two examples. We contrast conditional randomization with a related approach of tangent randomization, in which stimuli are resampled based only on events occurring in the past, which is not valid for all choices of test statistic. We discuss how to design experiments that allow conditional randomization tests to be used., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023

3. A spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the murine dorsal pons at single-cell resolution

Author

Nardone, Stefano, De Luca, Roberto, Zito, Antonino, Klymko, Nataliya, Nicoloutsopoulos, Dimitris, Amsalem, Oren, Brannigan, Cory, Resch, Jon M., Jacobs, Christopher L., Pant, Deepti, Veregge, Molly, Srinivasan, Harini, Grippo, Ryan M., Yang, Zongfang, Zeidel, Mark L., Andermann, Mark L., Harris, Kenneth D., Tsai, Linus T., Arrigoni, Elda, Verstegen, Anne M. J., Saper, Clifford B., and Lowell, Bradford B.

Published
2024
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4. A modular architecture for organizing, processing and sharing neurophysiology data

Author

Bonacchi, Niccolò, Chapuis, Gaelle A, Churchland, Anne K, DeWitt, Eric EJ, Faulkner, Mayo, Harris, Kenneth D, Huntenburg, Julia M, Hunter, Max, Laranjeira, Inês C, Rossant, Cyrille, Sasaki, Maho, Schartner, Michael M, Shen, Shan, Steinmetz, Nicholas A, Walker, Edgar Y, West, Steven J, Winter, Olivier, and Wells, Miles J

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Neurophysiology, Databases, Factual, Laboratories, International Brain Laboratory, Technology, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences
Abstract

We describe an architecture for organizing, integrating and sharing neurophysiology data within a single laboratory or across a group of collaborators. It comprises a database linking data files to metadata and electronic laboratory notes; a module collecting data from multiple laboratories into one location; a protocol for searching and sharing data and a module for automatic analyses that populates a website. These modules can be used together or individually, by single laboratories or worldwide collaborations.

Published
2023

5. The martingale Z-test

Author

Harris, Kenneth D.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

We describe a statistical test for association of two autocorrelated time series, one of which generated randomly at each time point from a known but possibly history-dependent distribution. The null hypothesis is that at each time point, the two variables are independent, conditional on history until that time point. We define a test statistic that is a martingale under the null hypothesis and describe an asymptotic test for it based on the martingale central limit theorem. If we reject this null hypothesis, we may infer an immediate causal effect of the randomized variable on the measured variable.

Published
2022

6. Specialized astrocytes mediate glutamatergic gliotransmission in the CNS

Author

de Ceglia, Roberta, Ledonne, Ada, Litvin, David Gregory, Lind, Barbara Lykke, Carriero, Giovanni, Latagliata, Emanuele Claudio, Bindocci, Erika, Di Castro, Maria Amalia, Savtchouk, Iaroslav, Vitali, Ilaria, Ranjak, Anurag, Congiu, Mauro, Canonica, Tara, Wisden, William, Harris, Kenneth, Mameli, Manuel, Mercuri, Nicola, Telley, Ludovic, and Volterra, Andrea

Published
2023
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9. Tests for partial correlation between repeatedly observed nonstationary nonlinear timeseries

Author

Harris, Kenneth D. and Yuan, Alex E.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

We describe two families of statistical tests to detect partial correlation in vectorial timeseries. The tests measure whether an observed timeseries Y can be predicted from a second series X, even after accounting for a third series Z which may correlate with X. They do not make any assumptions on the nature of these timeseries, such as stationarity or linearity, but they do require that multiple statistically independent recordings of the 3 series are available. Intuitively, the tests work by asking if the series Y recorded on one experiment can be better predicted from X recorded on the same experiment than on a different experiment, after accounting for the prediction from Z recorded on both experiments.

Published
2021

11. Disruption of VGLUT1 in Cholinergic Medial Habenula Projections Increases Nicotine Self-Administration

Author

Souter, Elizabeth A, Chen, Yen-Chu, Zell, Vivien, Lallai, Valeria, Steinkellner, Thomas, Conrad, William S, Wisden, William, Harris, Kenneth D, Fowler, Christie D, and Hnasko, Thomas S

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Neurosciences, Tobacco, Substance Misuse, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Habenula, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Interpeduncular Nucleus, Mice, Nicotine, Nicotinic Agonists, acetylcholine, corelease, glutamate, interpeduncular nucleus, medial habenula, nicotine
Abstract

Cholinergic projections from the medial habenula (MHb) to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) have been studied for their complex contributions to nicotine addiction and have been implicated in nicotine reinforcement, aversion, and withdrawal. While it has been established that MHb cholinergic projections corelease glutamate, no direct evidence has demonstrated a role for this glutamate projection in nicotine consumption. In the present study, a novel floxed Slc17a7 [vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)] mouse was generated and used to create conditional knock-out (cKO) mice that lack VGLUT1 in MHb cholinergic neurons. Loss of Slc17a7 expression in ventral MHb cholinergic neurons was validated using fluorescent in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate a corresponding reduction of VGLUT1 protein in cholinergic terminals in the IPN. We also used optogenetics-assisted electrophysiology to evoke EPSCs in IPN and observed a reduction of glutamatergic currents in the cKO, supporting the functional disruption of VGLUT1 in MHb to IPN synapses. cKO mice exhibited no gross phenotypic abnormalities and displayed normal thigmotaxis and locomotor behavior in the open-field assay. When trained to lever press for food, there was no difference between control and cKO. However, when tested in a nicotine self-administration procedure, we found that the loss of VGLUT1-mediated glutamate corelease led to increased responding for nicotine. These findings indicate that glutamate corelease from ventral MHb cholinergic neurons opposes nicotine self-administration, and provide additional support for targeting this synapse to develop potential treatments for nicotine addiction.

Published
2022

12. A Shift Test for Independence in Generic Time Series

Author

Harris, Kenneth D.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, 62M10
Abstract

We describe a family of conservative statistical tests for independence of two autocorrelated time series. The series may take values in any sets, and one of them must be stationary. A user-specified function quantifying the association of a segment of the two series is compared to an ensemble obtained by time-shifting the stationary series -N to N steps. If the series are independent, the unshifted value is in the top m shifted values with probability at most m/(N+1). For large N, the probability approaches m/(2N+1). A conservative test rejects independence at significance {\alpha} if the unshifted value is in the top {\alpha}(N+1), and has half the power of an approximate test valid in the large N limit. We illustrate this framework with a test for correlation of autocorrelated categorical time series.

Published
2020

13. On 1/n neural representation and robustness

Author

Nassar, Josue, Sokol, Piotr Aleksander, Chung, SueYeon, Harris, Kenneth D., and Park, Il Memming

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Understanding the nature of representation in neural networks is a goal shared by neuroscience and machine learning. It is therefore exciting that both fields converge not only on shared questions but also on similar approaches. A pressing question in these areas is understanding how the structure of the representation used by neural networks affects both their generalization, and robustness to perturbations. In this work, we investigate the latter by juxtaposing experimental results regarding the covariance spectrum of neural representations in the mouse V1 (Stringer et al) with artificial neural networks. We use adversarial robustness to probe Stringer et al's theory regarding the causal role of a 1/n covariance spectrum. We empirically investigate the benefits such a neural code confers in neural networks, and illuminate its role in multi-layer architectures. Our results show that imposing the experimentally observed structure on artificial neural networks makes them more robust to adversarial attacks. Moreover, our findings complement the existing theory relating wide neural networks to kernel methods, by showing the role of intermediate representations.

Published
2020

15. Patterns of oral anticoagulant use and outcomes in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a post-hoc analysis from the GLORIA-AF Registry

Author

Abban, Dzifa Wosornu, Abdul, Nasser, Abud, Atilio Marcelo, Adams, Fran, Addala, Srinivas, Adragão, Pedro, Ageno, Walter, Aggarwal, Rajesh, Agosti, Sergio, Agostoni, Piergiuseppe, Aguilar, Francisco, Linares, Julio Aguilar, Aguinaga, Luis, Ahmed, Jameel, Aiello, Allessandro, Ainsworth, Paul, Aiub, Jorge Roberto, Al-Dallow, Raed, Alderson, Lisa, Aldrete Velasco, Jorge Antonio, Alexopoulos, Dimitrios, Manterola, Fernando Alfonso, Aliyar, Pareed, Alonso, David, Alves da Costa, Fernando Augusto, Amado, José, Amara, Walid, Amelot, Mathieu, Amjadi, Nima, Ammirati, Fabrizio, Andrade, Marianna, Andrawis, Nabil, Annoni, Giorgio, Ansalone, Gerardo, Ariani, M.Kevin, Arias, Juan Carlos, Armero, Sébastien, Arora, Chander, Aslam, Muhammad Shakil, Asselman, M., Audouin, Philippe, Augenbraun, Charles, Aydin, S., Ayryanova, Ivaneta, Aziz, Emad, Backes, Luciano Marcelo, Badings, E., Bagni, Ermentina, Baker, Seth H., Bala, Richard, Baldi, Antonio, Bando, Shigenobu, Banerjee, Subhash, Bank, Alan, Esquivias, Gonzalo Barón, Barr, Craig, Bartlett, Maria, Kes, Vanja Basic, Baula, Giovanni, Behrens, Steffen, Bell, Alan, Benedetti, Raffaella, Mazuecos, Juan Benezet, Benhalima, Bouziane, Bergler-Klein, Jutta, Berneau, Jean-Baptiste, Bernstein, Richard A., Berrospi, Percy, Berti, Sergio, Berz, Andrea, Best, Elizabeth, Bettencourt, Paulo, Betzu, Robert, Bhagwat, Ravi, Bhatta, Luna, Biscione, Francesco, Bisignani, Giovanni, Black, Toby, Bloch, Michael J., Bloom, Stephen, Blumberg, Edwin, Bo, Mario, Bøhmer, Ellen, Bollmann, Andreas, Bongiorni, Maria Grazia, Boriani, Giuseppe, Boswijk, D.J., Bott, Jochen, Bottacchi, Edo, Kalan, Marica Bracic, Bradman, Drew, Brautigam, Donald, Breton, Nicolas, Brouwers, P.J.A.M., Browne, Kevin, Cortada, Jordi Bruguera, Bruni, A., Brunschwig, Claude, Buathier, Hervé, Buhl, Aurélie, Bullinga, John, Cabrera, Jose Walter, Caccavo, Alberto, Cai, Shanglang, Caine, Sarah, Calò, Leonardo, Calvi, Valeria, Sánchez, Mauricio Camarillo, Candeias, Rui, Capuano, Vincenzo, Capucci, Alessandro, Caputo, Ronald, Rizo, Tatiana Cárdenas, Cardona, Francisco, Carlos da Costa Darrieux, Francisco, Duarte Vera, Yan Carlos, Carolei, Antonio, Carreño, Susana, Carvalho, Paula, Cary, Susanna, Casu, Gavino, Cavallini, Claudio, Cayla, Guillaume, Celentano, Aldo, Cha, Tae-Joon, Cha, Kwang Soo, Chae, Jei Keon, Chalamidas, Kathrine, Challappa, Krishnan, Chand, Sunil Prakash, Chandrashekar, Harinath, Chartier, Ludovic, Chatterjee, Kausik, Chavez Ayala, Carlos Antero, Cheema, Aamir, Cheema, Amjad, Chen, Lin, Chen, Shih-Ann, Chen, Jyh Hong, Chiang, Fu-Tien, Chiarella, Francesco, Chih-Chan, Lin, Cho, Yong Keun, Choi, Jong-Il, Choi, Dong Ju, Chouinard, Guy, Hoi-Fan Chow, Danny, Chrysos, Dimitrios, Chumakova, Galina, José Roberto, Eduardo Julián, Valenzuela, Chuquiure, Nica, Nicoleta Cindea, Cislowski, David J., Clay, Anthony, Clifford, Piers, Cohen, Andrew, Cohen, Michael, Cohen, Serge, Colivicchi, Furio, Collins, Ronan, Colonna, Paolo, Compton, Steve, Connolly, Derek, Conti, Alberto, Buenostro, Gabriel Contreras, Coodley, Gregg, Cooper, Martin, Coronel, Julian, Corso, Giovanni, Sales, Juan Cosín, Cottin, Yves, Covalesky, John, Cracan, Aurel, Crea, Filippo, Crean, Peter, Crenshaw, James, Cullen, Tina, Darius, Harald, Dary, Patrick, Dascotte, Olivier, Dauber, Ira, Davalos, Vicente, Davies, Ruth, Davis, Gershan, Davy, Jean-Marc, Dayer, Mark, De Biasio, Marzia, De Bonis, Silvana, De Caterina, Raffaele, De Franceschi, Teresiano, de Groot, J.R., De Horta, José, De La Briolle, Axel, Topete, Gilberto de la Pena, Vicenzo de Paola, Angelo Amato, de Souza, Weimar, de Veer, A., De Wolf, Luc, Decoulx, Eric, Deepak, Sasalu, Defaye, Pascal, Del-Carpio Munoz, Freddy, Brkljacic, Diana Delic, Deumite, N. Joseph, Di Legge, Silvia, Diemberger, Igor, Dietz, Denise, Dionísio, Pedro, Dong, Qiang, Rossi dos Santos, Fabio, Dotcheva, Elena, Doukky, Rami, D'Souza, Anthony, Dubrey, Simon, Ducrocq, Xavier, Dupljakov, Dmitry, Duque, Mauricio, Dutta, Dipankar, Duvilla, Nathalie, Duygun, A., Dziewas, Rainer, Eaton, Charles B., Eaves, William, Ebels-Tuinbeek; Clifford Ehrlich, L.A., Eichinger-Hasenauer, Sabine, Eisenberg, Steven J., El Jabali, Adnan, El Shahawy, Mahfouz, Hernandes, Mauro Esteves, Izal, Ana Etxeberria, Evonich, Rudolph, III, Evseeva, Oksana, Ezhov, Andrey, Fahmy, Raed, Fang, Quan, Farsad, Ramin, Fauchier, Laurent, Favale, Stefano, Fayard, Maxime, Fedele, Jose Luis, Fedele, Francesco, Fedorishina, Olga, Fera, Steven R., Gomes Ferreira, Luis Gustavo, Ferreira, Jorge, Ferri, Claudio, Ferrier, Anna, Ferro, Hugo, Finsen, Alexandra, First, Brian, Fischer, Stuart, Fonseca, Catarina, Almeida, Luísa Fonseca, Forman, Steven, Frandsen, Brad, French, William, Friedman, Keith, Friese, Athena, Fruntelata, Ana Gabriela, Fujii, Shigeru, Fumagalli, Stefano, Fundamenski, Marta, Furukawa, Yutaka, Gabelmann, Matthias, Gabra, Nashwa, Gadsbøll, Niels, Galinier, Michel, Gammelgaard, Anders, Ganeshkumar, Priya, Gans, Christopher, Quintana, Antonio Garcia, Gartenlaub, Olivier, Gaspardone, Achille, Genz, Conrad, Georger, Frédéric, Georges, Jean-Louis, Georgeson, Steven, Giedrimas, Evaldas, Gierba, Mariusz, Ortega, Ignacio Gil, Gillespie, Eve, Giniger, Alberto, Giudici, Michael C., Gkotsis, Alexandros, Glotzer, Taya V., Gmehling, Joachim, Gniot, Jacek, Goethals, Peter, Goldbarg, Seth, Goldberg, Ronald, Goldmann, Britta, Golitsyn, Sergey, Gómez, Silvia, Mesa, Juan Gomez, Gonzalez, Vicente Bertomeu, Gonzalez Hermosillo, Jesus Antonio, González López, Víctor Manuel, Gorka, Hervé, Gornick, Charles, Gorog, Diana, Gottipaty, Venkat, Goube, Pascal, Goudevenos, Ioannis, Graham, Brett, Greer, G. Stephen, Gremmler, Uwe, Grena, Paul G., Grond, Martin, Gronda, Edoardo, Grönefeld, Gerian, Gu, Xiang, Torres Torres, Ivett Guadalupe, Guardigli, Gabriele, Guevara, Carolina, Guignier, Alexandre, Gulizia, Michele, Gumbley, Michael, Günther, Albrecht, Ha, Andrew, Hahalis, Georgios, Hakas, Joseph, Hall, Christian, Han, Bing, Han, Seongwook, Hargrove, Joe, Hargroves, David, Harris, Kenneth B., Haruna, Tetsuya, Hayek, Emil, Healey, Jeff, Hearne, Steven, Heffernan, Michael, Heggelund, Geir, Heijmeriks, J.A., Hemels, Maarten, Hendriks, I., Henein, Sam, Her, Sung-Ho, Hermany, Paul, Hernández Del Río, Jorge Eduardo, Higashino, Yorihiko, Hill, Michael, Hisadome, Tetsuo, Hishida, Eiji, Hoffer, Etienne, Hoghton, Matthew, Hong, Kui, Hong, Suk keun, Horbach, Stevie, Horiuchi, Masataka, Hou, Yinglong, Hsing, Jeff, Huang, Chi-Hung, Huckins, David, Hughes, kathy, Huizinga, A., Hulsman, E.L., Hung, Kuo-Chun, Hwang, Gyo-Seung, Ikpoh, Margaret, Imberti, Davide, Ince, Hüseyin, Indolfi, Ciro, Inoue, Shujiro, Irles, Didier, Iseki, Harukazu, Israel, C. Noah, Iteld, Bruce, Iyer, Venkat, Jackson-Voyzey, Ewart, Jaffrani, Naseem, Jäger, Frank, James, Martin, Jang, Sung-Won, Jaramillo, Nicolas, Jarmukli, Nabil, Jeanfreau, Robert J., Jenkins, Ronald D., Sánchez, Carlos Jerjes, Jimenez, Javier, Jobe, Robert, Joen-Jakobsen, Tomas, Jones, Nicholas, Moura Jorge, Jose Carlos, Jouve, Bernard, Jung, Byung Chun, Jung, Kyung Tae, Jung, Werner, Kachkovskiy, Mikhail, Kafkala, Krystallenia, Kalinina, Larisa, Kallmünzer, Bernd, Kamali, Farzan, Kamo, Takehiro, Kampus, Priit, Kashou, Hisham, Kastrup, Andreas, Katsivas, Apostolos, Kaufman, Elizabeth, Kawai, Kazuya, Kawajiri, Kenji, Kazmierski, John F., Keeling, P., Kerr Saraiva, José Francisco, Ketova, Galina, Khaira, Ajit Singh, Khripun, Aleksey, Kim, Doo-Il, Kim, Young Hoon, Kim, Nam Ho, Kim, Dae Kyeong, Kim, Jeong Su, Kim, June Soo, Kim, Ki Seok, Kim, Jin bae, Kinova, Elena, Klein, Alexander, Kmetzo, James J., Kneller, G. Larsen, Knezevic, Aleksandar, Angela Koh, Su Mei, Koide, Shunichi, Kollias, Anastasios, Kooistra, J.A., Koons, Jay, Koschutnik, Martin, Kostis, William J., Kovacic, Dragan, Kowalczyk, Jacek, Koziolova, Natalya, Kraft, Peter, Kragten, Johannes A., Krantz, Mori, Krause, Lars, Krenning, B.J., Krikke, F., Kromhout, Z., Krysiak, Waldemar, Kumar, Priya, Kümler, Thomas, Kuniss, Malte, Kuo, Jen-Yuan, Küppers, Achim, Karla Kurrelmeyer, Kwak, Choong Hwan, Laboulle, Bénédicte, Labovitz, Arthur, Lai, Wen Ter, Lam, Andy, Lam, Yat Yin, Zanetti, Fernando Lanas, Landau, Charles, Landini, Giancarlo, Figueiredo, Estêvão Lanna, Larsen, Torben, Lavandier, Karine, LeBlanc, Jessica, Lee, Moon Hyoung, Lee, Chang-Hoon, Lehman, John, Leitão, Ana, Lellouche, Nicolas, Lelonek, Malgorzata, Lenarczyk, Radoslaw, Lenderink, T., González, Salvador León, Leong-Sit, Peter, Leschke, Matthias, Ley, Nicolas, Li, Zhanquan, Li, Xiaodong, Li, Weihua, Li, Xiaoming, Lichy, Christhoh, Lieber, Ira, Limon Rodriguez, Ramon Horacio, Lin, Hailong, Lip, Gregory Y.H., Liu, Feng, Liu, Hengliang, Esperon, Guillermo Llamas, Navarro, Nassip Llerena, Lo, Eric, Lokshyn, Sergiy, López, Amador, López-Sendón, José Luís, Lorga Filho, Adalberto Menezes, Lorraine, Richard S., Luengas, Carlos Alberto, Luke, Robert, Luo, Ming, Lupovitch, Steven, Lyrer, Philippe, Ma, Changsheng, Ma, Genshan, Madariaga, Irene, Maeno, Koji, Magnin, Dominique, Maid, Gustavo, Mainigi, Sumeet K., Makaritsis, Konstantinos, Malhotra, Rohit, Manning, Rickey, Manolis, Athanasios, Manrique Hurtado, Helard Andres, Mantas, Ioannis, Jattin, Fernando Manzur, Maqueda, Vicky, Marchionni, Niccolo, Ortuno, Francisco Marin, Santana, Antonio Martín, Martinez, Jorge, Maskova, Petra, Hernandez, Norberto Matadamas, Matsuda, Katsuhiro, Maurer, Tillmann, Mauro, Ciro, May, Erik, Mayer, Nolan, McClure, John, McCormack, Terry, McGarity, William, McIntyre, Hugh, McLaurin, Brent, Medina Palomino, Feliz Alvaro, Melandri, Francesco, Meno, Hiroshi, Menzies, Dhananjai, Mercader, Marco, Meyer, Christian, Meyer, Beat J., Miarka, Jacek, Mibach, Frank, Michalski, Dominik, Michel, Patrik, Chreih, Rami Mihail, Mikdadi, Ghiath, Mikus, Milan, Milicic, Davor, Militaru, Constantin, Minaie, Sedi, Minescu, Bogdan, Mintale, Iveta, Mirault, Tristan, Mirro, Michael J., Mistry, Dinesh, Miu, Nicoleta Violeta, Miyamoto, Naomasa, Moccetti, Tiziano, Mohammed, Akber, Nor, Azlisham Mohd, Mollerus, Michael, Molon, Giulio, Mondillo, Sergio, Moniz, Patrícia, Mont, Lluis, Montagud, Vicente, Montaña, Oscar, Monti, Cristina, Moretti, Luciano, Mori, Kiyoo, Moriarty, Andrew, Morka, Jacek, Moschini, Luigi, Moschos, Nikitas, Mügge, Andreas, Mulhearn, Thomas J., Muresan, Carmen, Muriago, Michela, Musial, Wlodzimierz, Musser, Carl W., Musumeci, Francesco, Nageh, Thuraia, Nakagawa, Hidemitsu, Nakamura, Yuichiro, Nakayama, Toru, Nam, Gi-Byoung, Nanna, Michele, Natarajan, Indira, Nayak, Hemal M., Naydenov, Stefan, Nazlić, Jurica, Cristian Nechita, Alexandru, Nechvatal, Libor, Negron, Sandra Adela, Neiman, James, Neuenschwander, Fernando Carvalho, Neves, David, Neykova, Anna, Miguel, Ricardo Nicolás, Nijmeh, George, Nizov, Alexey, Campos, Rodrigo Noronha, Nossan, Janko, Novikova, Tatiana, Nowalany-Kozielska, Ewa, Nsah, Emmanuel, Nunez Fragoso, Juan Carlos, Nurgalieva, Svetlana, Nuyens, Dieter, Nyvad, Ole, Odin de Los Rios Ibarra, Manuel, O'Donnell, Philip, O'Donnell, Martin, Oh, Seil, Oh, Yong Seog, Oh, Dongjin, O'Hara, Gilles, Oikonomou, Kostas, Olivares, Claudia, Oliver, Richard, Ruiz, Rafael Olvera, Olympios, Christoforos, omaszuk-Kazberuk, Anna, Asensi, Joaquín Osca, Jose, eena Padayattil, Padilla Padilla, Francisco Gerardo, Rios, Victoria Padilla, Pajes, Giuseppe, Pandey, Shekhar, Paparella, Gaetano, Paris, F., Park, Hyung Wook, Park, Jong Sung, Parthenakis, Fragkiskos, Passamonti, Enrico, Patel, Rajesh J., Patel, Jaydutt, Patel, Mehool, Patrick, Janice, Jimenez, Ricardo Pavón, Paz, Analía, Pengo, Vittorio, Pentz, William, Pérez, Beatriz, Pérez Ríos, Alma Minerva, Pérez-Cabezas, Alejandro, Perlman, Richard, Persic, Viktor, Perticone, Francesco, Peters, Terri K., Petkar, Sanjiv, Pezo, Luis Felipe, Pflücke, Christian, Pham, David N., Phillips, Roland T., Phlaum, Stephen, Pieters, Denis, Pineau, Julien, Pinter, Arnold, Pinto, Fausto, Pisters, R., Pivac, Nediljko, Pocanic, Darko, Podoleanu, Cristian, Politano, Alessandro, Poljakovic, Zdravka, Pollock, Stewart, Garcéa, Jose Polo, Poppert, Holger, Porcu, Maurizio, Reino, Antonio Pose, Prasad, Neeraj, Précoma, Dalton Bertolim, Prelle, Alessandro, Prodafikas, John, Protasov, Konstantin, Pye, Maurice, Qiu, Zhaohui, Quedillac, Jean-Michel, Raev, Dimitar, Raffo Grado, Carlos Antonio, Rahimi, Sidiqullah, Raisaro, Arturo, Rama, Bhola, Ramos, Ricardo, Ranieri, Maria, Raposo, Nuno, Rashba, Eric, Rauch-Kroehnert, Ursula, Reddy, Ramakota, Renda, Giulia, Reza, Shabbir, Ria, Luigi, Richter, Dimitrios, Rickli, Hans, Rieker, Werner, Vera, Tomas Ripolil, Ritt, Luiz Eduardo, Roberts, Douglas, Briones, Ignacio Rodriguez, Rodriguez Escudero, Aldo Edwin, Pascual, Carlos Rodríguez, Roman, Mark, Romeo, Francesco, Ronner, E., Roux, Jean-Francois, Rozkova, Nadezda, Rubacek, Miroslav, Rubalcava, Frank, Russo, Andrea M., Rutgers, Matthieu Pierre, Rybak, Karin, Said, Samir, Sakamoto, Tamotsu, Salacata, Abraham, Salem, Adrien, Bodes, Rafael Salguero, Saltzman, Marco A., Salvioni, Alessandro, Vallejo, Gregorio Sanchez, Fernández, Marcelo Sanmartín, Saporito, Wladmir Faustino, Sarikonda, Kesari, Sasaoka, Taishi, Sati, Hamdi, Savelieva, Irina, Scala, Pierre-Jean, Schellinger, Peter, Scherr, Carlos, Schmitz, Lisa, Schmitz, Karl-Heinz, Schmitz, Bettina, Schnabel, Teresa, Schnupp, Steffen, Schoeniger, Peter, Schön, Norbert, Schwimmbeck, Peter, Seamark, Clare, Searles, Greg, Seidl, Karl-Heinz, Seidman, Barry, Sek, Jaroslaw, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, Serrati, Carlo, Shah, Neerav, Shah, Vinay, Shah, Anil, Shah, Shujahat, Sharma, Vijay Kumar, Shaw, Louise, Sheikh, Khalid H., Shimizu, Naruhito, Shimomura, Hideki, Shin, Dong-Gu, Shin, Eun-Seok, Shite, Junya, Sibilio, Gerolamo, Silver, Frank, Sime, Iveta, Simmers, Tim A., Singh, Narendra, Siostrzonek, Peter, Smadja, Didier, Smith, David W., Snitman, Marcelo, Filho, Dario Sobral, Soda, Hassan, Sofley, Carl, Sokal, Adam, Oi Yan, Yannie Soo, Sotolongo, Rodolfo, Ferreira de Souza, Olga, Sparby, Jon Arne, Spinar, Jindrich, Sprigings, David, Spyropoulos, Alex C., Stakos, Dimitrios, Steinwender, Clemens, Stergiou, Georgios, Stiell, Ian, Stoddard, Marcus, Stoikov, Anastas, Streb, Witold, Styliadis, Ioannis, Su, Guohai, Su, Xi, Sudnik, Wanda, Sukles, Kai, Sun, Xiaofei, Swart, H., Szavits-Nossan, Janko, Taggeselle, Jens, Takagi, Yuichiro, Singh Takhar, Amrit Pal, Tamm, Angelika, Tanaka, Katsumi, Tanawuttiwat, Tanyanan, Tang, Sherman, Tang, Aylmer, Tarsi, Giovanni, Tassinari, Tiziana, Tayal, Ashis, Tayebjee, Muzahir, Berg, J.M. ten, Tesloianu, Dan, The, Salem H.K., Thomas, Dierk, Timsit, Serge, Tobaru, Tetsuya, Tomasik, Andrzej R., Torosoff, Mikhail, Touze, Emmanuel, Trendafilova, Elina, Tsai, W. Kevin, Tse, Hung Fat, Tsutsui, Hiroshi, Tu, Tian Ming, Tuininga, Ype, Turakhia, Minang, Turk, Samir, Turner, Wayne, Tveit, Arnljot, Tytus, Richard, Valadão, C., van Bergen, P.F.M.M., van de Borne, Philippe, van den Berg, B.J., van der Zwaan, C., Van Eck, M., Vanacker, Peter, Vasilev, Dimo, Vasilikos, Vasileios, Vasilyev, Maxim, Veerareddy, Srikar, Miño; Asok Venkataraman, Mario Vega, Verdecchia, Paolo, Versaci, Francesco, Vester, Ernst Günter, Vial, Hubert, Victory, Jason, Villamil, Alejandro, Vincent, Marc, Vlastaris, Anthony, Dahl, Jürgen vom, Vora, Kishor, Vranian, Robert B., Wakefield, Paul, Wang, Ningfu, Wang, Mingsheng, Wang, Xinhua, Wang, Feng, Wang, Tian, Warner, Alberta L., Watanabe, Kouki, Wei, Jeanne, Weimar, Christian, Weiner, Stanislav, Weinrich, Renate, Wen, Ming-Shien, Wiemer, Marcus, Wiggers, Preben, Wilke, Andreas, Williams, David, Williams, Marcus L., Witzenbichler, Bernhard, Wong, Brian, Lawrence Wong, Ka Sing, Wozakowska-Kaplon, Beata, Wu, Shulin, Wu, Richard C., Wunderlich, Silke, Wyatt, Nell, Wylie, John (Jack), Xu, Yong, Xu, Xiangdong, Yamanoue, Hiroki, Yamashita, Takeshi, Bryan Yan, Ping Yen, Yang, Tianlun, Yao, Jing, Yeh, Kuo-Ho, Yin, Wei Hsian, Yotov, Yoto, Zahn, Ralf, Zarich, Stuart, Zenin, Sergei, Zeuthen, Elisabeth Louise, Zhang, Huanyi, Zhang, Donghui, Zhang, Xingwei, Zhang, Ping, Zhang, Jun, Zhao, Shui Ping, Zhao, Yujie, Zhao, Zhichen, Zheng, Yang, Zhou, Jing, Zimmermann, Sergio, Zini, Andrea, Zizzo, Steven, Zong, Wenxia, Zukerman, L. Steven, Romiti, Giulio Francesco, Corica, Bernadette, Proietti, Marco, Mei, Davide Antonio, Frydenlund, Juliane, Bisson, Arnaud, Olshansky, Brian, Chan, Yi-Hsin, Huisman, Menno V., and Chao, Tze-Fan

Published
2023
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18. Characterizing the invariances of learning algorithms using category theory

Author

Harris, Kenneth D.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Category Theory, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Many learning algorithms have invariances: when their training data is transformed in certain ways, the function they learn transforms in a predictable manner. Here we formalize this notion using concepts from the mathematical field of category theory. The invariances that a supervised learning algorithm possesses are formalized by categories of predictor and target spaces, whose morphisms represent the algorithm's invariances, and an index category whose morphisms represent permutations of the training examples. An invariant learning algorithm is a natural transformation between two functors from the product of these categories to the category of sets, representing training datasets and learned functions respectively. We illustrate the framework by characterizing and contrasting the invariances of linear regression and ridge regression.

Published
2019

23. An International Laboratory for Systems and Computational Neuroscience

Author

Laboratory, The International Brain, Abbott, Larry F, Angelaki, Dora E, Carandini, Matteo, Churchland, Anne K, Dan, Yang, Dayan, Peter, Deneve, Sophie, Fiete, Ila, Ganguli, Surya, Harris, Kenneth D, Häusser, Michael, Hofer, Sonja, Latham, Peter E, Mainen, Zachary F, Mrsic-Flogel, Thomas, Paninski, Liam, Pillow, Jonathan W, Pouget, Alexandre, Svoboda, Karel, Witten, Ilana B, and Zador, Anthony M

Subjects
Substance Misuse, Brain Cancer, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Rare Diseases, Cancer, Brain Disorders, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, 1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes, Neurological, Mental health, Animals, Biomedical Research, Computational Biology, Decision Making, Humans, International Cooperation, International Brain Laboratory. Electronic address: churchland@cshl.edu, International Brain Laboratory, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

The neural basis of decision-making has been elusive and involves the coordinated activity of multiple brain structures. This NeuroView, by the International Brain Laboratory (IBL), discusses their efforts to develop a standardized mouse decision-making behavior, to make coordinated measurements of neural activity across the mouse brain, and to use theory and analyses to uncover the neural computations that support decision-making.

Published
2017

26. Competence By Design: a transformational national model of time-variable competency-based postgraduate medical education

Author

Frank, Jason R., primary, Karpinski, Jolanta, additional, Sherbino, Jonathan, additional, Snell, Linda S., additional, Atkinson, Adelle, additional, Oswald, Anna, additional, Hall, Andrew K., additional, Cooke, Lara, additional, Dojeiji, Susan, additional, Richardson, Denyse, additional, Cheung, Warren J., additional, Cavalcanti, Rodrigo B., additional, Dalseg, Timothy R., additional, Thoma, Brent, additional, Flynn, Leslie, additional, Gofton, Wade, additional, Dudek, Nancy, additional, Bhanji, Farhan, additional, Wong, Brian M.-F., additional, Razack, Saleem, additional, Anderson, Robert, additional, Dubois, Daniel, additional, Boucher, Andrée, additional, Gomes, Marcio M., additional, Taber, Sarah, additional, Gorman, Lisa J., additional, Fulford, Jane, additional, Naik, Viren, additional, Harris, Kenneth A., additional, St. Croix, Rhonda, additional, and Van Melle, Elaine, additional

Published
2024
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28. Grand Challenges for Global Brain Sciences

Author

Vogelstein, Joshua T., Amunts, Katrin, Andreou, Andreas, Angelaki, Dora, Ascoli, Giorgio, Bargmann, Cori, Burns, Randal, Cali, Corrado, Chance, Frances, Chun, Miyoung, Church, George, Cline, Hollis, Coleman, Todd, de La Rochefoucauld, Stephanie, Denk, Winfried, Elgoyhen, Ana Belen, Cummings, Ralph Etienne, Evans, Alan, Harris, Kenneth, Hausser, Michael, Hill, Sean, Inverso, Samuel, Jackson, Chad, Jain, Viren, Kass, Rob, Kasthuri, Bobby, Kiar, Gregory, Kording, Konrad, Koushika, Sandhya, Krakauer, John, Landis, Story, Layton, Jeff, Luo, Qingming, Marblestone, Adam, Markowitz, David, McArthur, Justin, Mensh, Brett, Milham, Michael, Mitra, Partha, Neskovic, Pedja, Nicolelis, Miguel, O'Brien, Richard, Oliva, Aude, Orban, Gergo, Peng, Hanchuan, Picchini-Schaffer, Alyssa, Picciotto, Marina, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Poo, Mu-ming, Pouget, Alex, Raghavachari, Sri, Roskams, Jane, Sejnowski, Terry, Sommer, Fritz, Spruston, Nelson, Swanson, Larry, Toga, Arthur, Vogelstein, R. Jacob, Yuste, Rafael, Zador, Anthony, Huganir, Richard, and Miller, Michael

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

The next grand challenges for society and science are in the brain sciences. A collection of 60+ scientists from around the world, together with 10+ observers from national, private, and foundations, spent two days together discussing the top challenges that we could solve as a global community in the next decade. We eventually settled on three challenges, spanning anatomy, physiology, and medicine. Addressing all three challenges requires novel computational infrastructure. The group proposed the advent of The International Brain Station (TIBS), to address these challenges, and launch brain sciences to the next level of understanding., Comment: 6 pages

Published
2016

29. Requirements for storing electrophysiology data

Author

Teeters, Jeff, Benda, Jan, Davison, Andrew, Eglen, Stephen, Gerkin, Richard C., Grethe, Jeffrey, Grewe, Jan, Harris, Kenneth, Kellner, Christian, Franc, Yann Le, Mouček, Roman, Prodanov, Dimiter, Pröpper, Robert, Sessions, Hyrum L., Smith, Leslie, Sobolev, Andrey, Sommer, Friedrich, Stoewer, Adrian, Wachtler, Thomas, and Wark, Barry

Subjects
Computer Science - Other Computer Science, E.1, E.2, E.5
Abstract

The purpose of this document is to specify the basic data types required for storing electrophysiology and optical imaging data to facilitate computer-based neuroscience studies and data sharing. These requirements are being developed within a working group of the Electrophysiology Task Force in the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF) Program on Standards for Data Sharing. While this document describes the requirements of the standard independent of the actual storage technology, the Task Force has recommended basing a standard on HDF5. This is in line with a number of groups who are already using HDF5 to store electrophysiology data, although currently without being based on a standard., Comment: 5 pages, 1 table

Published
2016

31. Contributors

Author

Aggarwal, Manoj, primary, Akingbasote, James, additional, Anadón, Arturo, additional, Anger, Gregory J., additional, Archibong, Anthony E., additional, Ares, Irma, additional, Aschner, Michael, additional, Avila, Daiana S., additional, Bailey, Denise C., additional, Barlow, Norman J., additional, Beedanagari, Sudheer, additional, Beltyukov, P.P., additional, Bischoff, Karyn, additional, Boeck, Carina Rodrigues, additional, Bracken, William M., additional, Brehm, Emily, additional, Breyer, Richard M., additional, Bright-Ponte, Susan, additional, Brockett, Mirjana Milosevic, additional, Campagnolo, Luisa, additional, Carney, Edward W., additional, Charrette, Andrew, additional, Chebekoue, Sandrine Fleur, additional, Chiang, Catheryne, additional, Chou, Wei-Chun, additional, Cleal, Jane K., additional, Cole, Toby B., additional, Cook, Daniel, additional, Coppock, Robert W., additional, Costa, Lucio G., additional, Curras-Collazo, Margarita, additional, Dai, Wanying, additional, Dao, Khoi, additional, Da Silva, Rosane Souza, additional, Davis, T. Zane, additional, Dominguez, Francisco, additional, Doss, Robin B., additional, Dziwenka, Margitta M., additional, Enright, Brian, additional, Estevan, Carmen, additional, Evans, Timothy J., additional, Fan, Anna M., additional, Farina, Marcelo, additional, Fenton, Suzanne E., additional, Filazi, Ayhan, additional, Fitsanakis, Vanessa A., additional, FitzGerald, Rex, additional, Flaskos, John, additional, Flaws, Jodi A., additional, Flora, S.J.S., additional, Ganjam, Vekataseshu K., additional, Gardner, Dale R., additional, Garg, Ramesh C., additional, Garrick, Jacqueline M., additional, Garry, Vincent F., additional, Gelineau-van Waes, Janee, additional, Godfrey, Keith M., additional, Golubentseva, Yu V., additional, González-Martín, Roberto, additional, Green, Benedict T., additional, Guerri, Consuelo, additional, Gulati, Kavita, additional, Gupta, P.K., additional, Gupta, Ramesh C., additional, Gupta, Rekha K., additional, Guthrie, Najla, additional, Hall, Jeffery O., additional, Hargreaves, Alan J., additional, Harris, Kenneth J., additional, Hill, Bridgett N., additional, Hilmas, Corey J., additional, Hoberman, Alan M., additional, Hougaard, Karin S., additional, Ince, Sinan, additional, Iyer, Poorni R., additional, Jacobsen, Nicklas R., additional, Kalpana, Starling, additional, Kandimalla, Ramesh, additional, Kanthasamy, Arthi, additional, Kanthasamy, Anumantha, additional, Khlebnikova, N.S., additional, Klüver, Nils, additional, Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S., additional, Krishnan, Kannan, additional, Kulkarni, Shaila, additional, Kuzukiran, Ozgur, additional, Lall, Rajiv, additional, Legradi, Jessica, additional, Lewis, Rohan M., additional, Lewis, Elise M., additional, Li, Xin, additional, Lin, Pinpin, additional, Loganathan, Bommanna G., additional, Machado, Ivo F., additional, Mahadevan, Brinda, additional, Makris, Susan L., additional, Malik, Jitendra K., additional, Marreilha dos Santos, Ana Paula, additional, Marsillach, Judit, additional, Martínez-Larrañaga, María Rosa, additional, Martínez, María Aránzazu, additional, Matouskova, Klara, additional, McClellan, Roger O., additional, Milatovic, Dejan, additional, Mohammed, Ali Mustafa, additional, Montine, Thomas J., additional, Møller, Peter, additional, Multani, Pushpinder Kaur, additional, Ni, Mingwei, additional, Nikolaidis, Efstathios, additional, Novilla, Meliton N., additional, Padilla, Stephanie, additional, Palmeira, Carlos M., additional, Pamies, David, additional, Panner Selvam, Manesh Kumar, additional, Pascual, María, additional, Patwa, Jayant, additional, Phillips, Ashley, additional, Piquette-Miller, Micheline, additional, Popov, V.B., additional, Pratt, M. Margaret, additional, Protasova, G.A., additional, Rai, Nishant, additional, Ramalho-Santos, João, additional, Ramesh, Aramandla, additional, Ray, Kausik, additional, Ray, Arunabha, additional, Ren, Aiguo, additional, Renaud, Stephen J., additional, Roberts, Drucilla J., additional, Rongzhu, Lu, additional, Sachana, Magdalini, additional, Sahlman, Heidi, additional, Saini, Nitin, additional, Saini, Vandna, additional, Shabasheva, L.V., additional, Sharma, Abha, additional, Sikka, Suresh C., additional, Silva, Marilyn Helen, additional, Simsek, Ilker, additional, Singh Kalra, Rajkumar, additional, Sinha, Anita, additional, Sogorb, Miguel A., additional, Soldin, Offie P., additional, Song, Chunjuan, additional, Srivastava, Ajay, additional, Stice, Szabina A., additional, Stoker, Tammy E., additional, Stonecipher, Clinton A., additional, Szlapinski, Sandra, additional, Tanabe, Shihori, additional, Tatiparthi, Arun, additional, Teixeira da Rocha, João Batista, additional, Thokchom, Suresh Kumar, additional, Tornesi, Belen, additional, Torous, Vanda, additional, Truran, Peter, additional, Valdez, Matthew C., additional, Vandenberg, Laura N., additional, Vargesson, Neil, additional, Vilanova, Eugenio, additional, Vähäkangas, Kirsi H., additional, Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V., additional, Warner, Genoa R., additional, Welch, Kevin D., additional, Williams, Daniel C., additional, Woldemeskel, Moges, additional, Yang, Jae-Ho, additional, Yin, Zhaobao, additional, Ying, Xiaoyou, additional, Yurdakok-Dikmen, Begum, additional, Zaja-Milatovic, Snjezana, additional, and Zhou, Changqing, additional

Published
2022
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32. Striatal activity topographically reflects cortical activity

Author

Peters, Andrew J., Fabre, Julie M. J., Steinmetz, Nicholas A., Harris, Kenneth D., and Carandini, Matteo

Subjects
Cerebral cortex -- Physiological aspects, Corpus striatum -- Physiological aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The cortex projects to the dorsal striatum topographically.sup.1,2 to regulate behaviour.sup.3-5, but spiking activity in the two structures has previously been reported to have markedly different relations to sensorimotor events.sup.6-9. Here we show that the relationship between activity in the cortex and striatum is spatiotemporally precise, topographic, causal and invariant to behaviour. We simultaneously recorded activity across large regions of the cortex and across the width of the dorsal striatum in mice that performed a visually guided task. Striatal activity followed a mediolateral gradient in which behavioural correlates progressed from visual cue to response movement to reward licking. The summed activity in each part of the striatum closely and specifically mirrored activity in topographically associated cortical regions, regardless of task engagement. This relationship held for medium spiny neurons and fast-spiking interneurons, whereas the activity of tonically active neurons differed from cortical activity with stereotypical responses to sensory or reward events. Inactivation of the visual cortex abolished striatal responses to visual stimuli, supporting a causal role of cortical inputs in driving the striatum. Striatal visual responses were larger in trained mice than untrained mice, with no corresponding change in overall activity in the visual cortex. Striatal activity therefore reflects a consistent, causal and scalable topographical mapping of cortical activity. Simultaneous mapping of activity across the cortex and dorsal striatum in mice shows that activity in each part of the striatum precisely mirrors that in topographically associated cortical regions, consistently across behavioural contexts., Author(s): Andrew J. Peters [sup.1] , Julie M. J. Fabre [sup.2] , Nicholas A. Steinmetz [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Kenneth D. Harris [sup.2] , Matteo Carandini [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]

Published
2021
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34. Innovative Energy Storage Smart Windows Relying on Mild Aqueous Zn/MnO2 Battery Chemistry.

Author

Palamadathil Kannattil, Hamid, Martinez Soria Gallo, Lluis, Harris, Kenneth D., Limoges, Benoît, and Balland, Véronique

Subjects
ELECTROCHROMIC windows, ELECTROFORMING, ENERGY storage, ENERGY density, METAL coating
Abstract

Rechargeable mild aqueous Zn/MnO2 batteries are currently attracting great interest thanks to their appealing performance/cost ratio. Their operating principle relies on two complementary reversible electrodeposition reactions at the anode and cathode. Transposing this operating principle to transparent conductive windows remains an unexplored facet of this battery chemistry, which is proposed here to address with the development of an innovative bifunctional smart window, combining electrochromic and charge storage properties. The proof‐of‐concept of such bifunctional Zn/MnO2 smart window is provided using a mild buffered aqueous electrolyte and different architectures. To maximize the device's performance, transparent nanostructured ITO cathodes are used to reversibly electrodeposit a high load of MnO2 (up to 555 mA h m−2 with a CE of 99.5% over 200 cycles, allowing to retrieve an energy density as high as 860 mA h m−2 when coupled with a zinc metal frame), while flat transparent FTO anodes are used to reversibly electrodeposit an homogenous coating of zinc metal (up to ≈280 mA h m−2 with a CE > 95% over 50 cycles). The implementation of these two reversible electrodeposition processes in a single smart window has been successfully achieved, leading for the first time to a dual‐tinting energy storage smart window with an optimized face‐to‐face architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Spatial connectivity matches direction selectivity in visual cortex

Author

Rossi, L. Federico, Harris, Kenneth D., and Carandini, Matteo

Subjects
Neural circuitry -- Observations, Visual cortex -- Physiological aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The selectivity of neuronal responses arises from the architecture of excitatory and inhibitory connections. In the primary visual cortex, the selectivity of a neuron in layer 2/3 for stimulus orientation and direction is thought to arise from intracortical inputs that are similarly selective.sup.1-8. However, the excitatory inputs of a neuron can have diverse stimulus preferences.sup.1-4,6,7,9, and inhibitory inputs can be promiscuous.sup.10 and unselective.sup.11. Here we show that the excitatory and inhibitory intracortical connections to a layer 2/3 neuron accord with its selectivity by obeying precise spatial patterns. We used rabies tracing.sup.1,12 to label and functionally image the excitatory and inhibitory inputs to individual pyramidal neurons of layer 2/3 of the mouse visual cortex. Presynaptic excitatory neurons spanned layers 2/3 and 4 and were distributed coaxial to the preferred orientation of the postsynaptic neuron, favouring the region opposite to its preferred direction. By contrast, presynaptic inhibitory neurons resided within layer 2/3 and favoured locations near the postsynaptic neuron and ahead of its preferred direction. The direction selectivity of a postsynaptic neuron was unrelated to the selectivity of presynaptic neurons, but correlated with the spatial displacement between excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic ensembles. Similar asymmetric connectivity establishes direction selectivity in the retina.sup.13-17. This suggests that this circuit motif might be canonical in sensory processing. In the mouse visual cortex, the excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic neurons of individual layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons are spatially offset to generate direction-selective responses., Author(s): L. Federico Rossi [sup.1] , Kenneth D. Harris [sup.2] , Matteo Carandini [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK (2) UCL Queen Square [...]

Published
2020
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42. What Predicts Student Success in Introductory Data Management Classes? An Investigation of Demographic, Personality, Computer-Related, and Interaction Variables

Author

Harris, Kenneth J., Harris, Ranida B., and Lambert, Alysa D.

Abstract

Introduction to data management classes are often times students' first exposure to advanced material in these areas. Many factors are likely to influence success in these classes, but empirical investigations have focused on relatively few variables. In this study, we extend this research by examining the relative contributions of the previously examined variables of gender and age, as well as the personality (motivation) variables of need for achievement and conscientiousness and the computer-related variables of computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety. Further, we investigate interactions between age and these personality and computer-related variables. We examined these variables in a sample of 204 students. Results revealed that demographic and computer-related variables explained variance in classroom performance, as did three of the four age-variable interactions. Pedagogical implications of these results are discussed as well as directions for future research.

Published
2011

44. High-dimensional cluster analysis with the Masked EM Algorithm

Author

Kadir, Shabnam N., Goodman, Dan F. M., and Harris, Kenneth D.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Computer Science - Learning, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Cluster analysis faces two problems in high dimensions: first, the `curse of dimensionality' that can lead to overfitting and poor generalization performance; and second, the sheer time taken for conventional algorithms to process large amounts of high-dimensional data. In many applications, only a small subset of features provide information about the cluster membership of any one data point, however this informative feature subset may not be the same for all data points. Here we introduce a `Masked EM' algorithm for fitting mixture of Gaussians models in such cases. We show that the algorithm performs close to optimally on simulated Gaussian data, and in an application of `spike sorting' of high channel-count neuronal recordings., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures

Published
2013

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