Author: "Harrington, Sean" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Demonstrating dynamic surface codes

Author: Eickbusch, Alec, McEwen, Matt, Sivak, Volodymyr, Bourassa, Alexandre, Atalaya, Juan, Claes, Jahan, Kafri, Dvir, Gidney, Craig, Warren, Christopher W., Gross, Jonathan, Opremcak, Alex, Miao, Nicholas Zobrist Kevin C., Roberts, Gabrielle, Satzinger, Kevin J., Bengtsson, Andreas, Neeley, Matthew, Livingston, William P., Greene, Alex, Rajeev, Acharya, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Aigeldinger, Georg, Alcaraz, Ross, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Frank, Arute, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bilmes, Alexander, Jenna, Bovaird, Bowers, Dylan, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Tim, Burger, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chiaro, Ben, Chih, Liang-Ying, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Alexander, Crook, L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, De Lorenzo, Laura, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya K., Dunsworth, Andrew, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gonzalo, Garcia, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Dietrich, Graumann, Ha, Tan, Habegger, Steve, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hiltermann, Reno, Hilton, Jeremy, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jin, Xiaoxuan, Jones, Cody, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kabel, Andreas, Kang, Hui, Amir, Karamlou, H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Tiano, Lange-Dei, Langley, Brandon W., Lau, Kim-Ming, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Guevel, Loïck Le, Wing, Li, Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., Meeks, Seneca, Anthony, Megrant, Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Oas, Logan, Orosco, Raymond, Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Rosenberg, Eliott, Rossi, Elizabeth, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Schurkus, Henry F., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Tomita, Eifu, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Sergey, Vdovichev, Vidal, Guifre, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Waltz, Jonathan, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, Weidel, Travis, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Woodson, Maddy, Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Yaxing, Zhang, Zhu, Ningfeng, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Bacon, Dave, Chen, Zijun, Klimov, Paul V., Roushan, Pedram, Neill, Charles, Chen, Yu, and Morvan, Alexis
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: A remarkable characteristic of quantum computing is the potential for reliable computation despite faulty qubits. This can be achieved through quantum error correction, which is typically implemented by repeatedly applying static syndrome checks, permitting correction of logical information. Recently, the development of time-dynamic approaches to error correction has uncovered new codes and new code implementations. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate three time-dynamic implementations of the surface code, each offering a unique solution to hardware design challenges and introducing flexibility in surface code realization. First, we embed the surface code on a hexagonal lattice, reducing the necessary couplings per qubit from four to three. Second, we walk a surface code, swapping the role of data and measure qubits each round, achieving error correction with built-in removal of accumulated non-computational errors. Finally, we realize the surface code using iSWAP gates instead of the traditional CNOT, extending the set of viable gates for error correction without additional overhead. We measure the error suppression factor when scaling from distance-3 to distance-5 codes of $\Lambda_{35,\text{hex}} = 2.15(2)$, $\Lambda_{35,\text{walk}} = 1.69(6)$, and $\Lambda_{35,\text{iSWAP}} = 1.56(2)$, achieving state-of-the-art error suppression for each. With detailed error budgeting, we explore their performance trade-offs and implications for hardware design. This work demonstrates that dynamic circuit approaches satisfy the demands for fault-tolerance and opens new alternative avenues for scalable hardware design., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, Supplementary Information
Published: 2024

2. Scaling and logic in the color code on a superconducting quantum processor

Author: Lacroix, Nathan, Bourassa, Alexandre, Heras, Francisco J. H., Zhang, Lei M., Bausch, Johannes, Senior, Andrew W., Edlich, Thomas, Shutty, Noah, Sivak, Volodymyr, Bengtsson, Andreas, McEwen, Matt, Higgott, Oscar, Kafri, Dvir, Claes, Jahan, Morvan, Alexis, Chen, Zijun, Zalcman, Adam, Madhuk, Sid, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Aigeldinger, Georg, Alcaraz, Ross, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bilmes, Alexander, Blackwell, Sam, Bovaird, Jenna, Bowers, Dylan, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chiaro, Ben, Chih, Liang-Ying, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Demura, Sean, De Lorenzo, Laura, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Garcia, Gonzalo, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Ha, Tan, Habegger, Steve, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Hiltermann, Reno, Hilton, Jeremy, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jin, Xiaoxuan, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kabel, Andreas, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Guevel, Loïck Le, Li, Wing Yan, Li, Yin, Lill, Alexander T., Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Miao, Kevin C., Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Y., Oas, Logan, Oliver, William D., Orosco, Raymond, Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Resnick, Rachel, Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rosenfeld, Emma, Rossi, Elizabeth, Roushan, Pedram, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Schurkus, Henry F., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shvarts, Vladimir, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Tomita, Eifu, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Waltz, Jonathan, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, Weidel, Travis, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Woodson, Maddy, Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Kohli, Pushmeet, Davies, Alex, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Jones, Cody, Gidney, Craig, and Satzinger, Kevin J.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Quantum error correction is essential for bridging the gap between the error rates of physical devices and the extremely low logical error rates required for quantum algorithms. Recent error-correction demonstrations on superconducting processors have focused primarily on the surface code, which offers a high error threshold but poses limitations for logical operations. In contrast, the color code enables much more efficient logic, although it requires more complex stabilizer measurements and decoding techniques. Measuring these stabilizers in planar architectures such as superconducting qubits is challenging, and so far, realizations of color codes have not addressed performance scaling with code size on any platform. Here, we present a comprehensive demonstration of the color code on a superconducting processor, achieving logical error suppression and performing logical operations. Scaling the code distance from three to five suppresses logical errors by a factor of $\Lambda_{3/5}$ = 1.56(4). Simulations indicate this performance is below the threshold of the color code, and furthermore that the color code may be more efficient than the surface code with modest device improvements. Using logical randomized benchmarking, we find that transversal Clifford gates add an error of only 0.0027(3), which is substantially less than the error of an idling error correction cycle. We inject magic states, a key resource for universal computation, achieving fidelities exceeding 99% with post-selection (retaining about 75% of the data). Finally, we successfully teleport logical states between distance-three color codes using lattice surgery, with teleported state fidelities between 86.5(1)% and 90.7(1)%. This work establishes the color code as a compelling research direction to realize fault-tolerant quantum computation on superconducting processors in the near future.
Published: 2024

3. Observation of disorder-free localization and efficient disorder averaging on a quantum processor

Author: Gyawali, Gaurav, Cochran, Tyler, Lensky, Yuri, Rosenberg, Eliott, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Berndtsson, Julia, Westerhout, Tom, Asfaw, Abraham, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Das, Sayan, Debroy, Dripto M., De Lorenzo, Laura, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus R., Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Steven, Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szalay, Marco, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifré, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Lucero, Erik, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Kovrizhin, Dmitry, Knolle, Johannes, Halimeh, Jad C., Aleiner, Igor, Moessner, Roderich, and Roushan, Pedram
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: One of the most challenging problems in the computational study of localization in quantum manybody systems is to capture the effects of rare events, which requires sampling over exponentially many disorder realizations. We implement an efficient procedure on a quantum processor, leveraging quantum parallelism, to efficiently sample over all disorder realizations. We observe localization without disorder in quantum many-body dynamics in one and two dimensions: perturbations do not diffuse even though both the generator of evolution and the initial states are fully translationally invariant. The disorder strength as well as its density can be readily tuned using the initial state. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of our platform by measuring Renyi entropies. Our method could also be extended to higher moments of the physical observables and disorder learning.
Published: 2024

4. Visualizing Dynamics of Charges and Strings in (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theories

Author: Cochran, Tyler A., Jobst, Bernhard, Rosenberg, Eliott, Lensky, Yuri D., Gyawali, Gaurav, Eassa, Norhan, Will, Melissa, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Demura, Sean, De Lorenzo, Laura, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hilton, Jeremy, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Lau, Kim-Ming, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Guevel, Loïck Le, Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Miao, Kevin C., Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobris, Nicholas, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Lucero, Erik, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Gammon-Smith, Adam, Pollmann, Frank, Knap, Michael, and Roushan, Pedram
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: Lattice gauge theories (LGTs) can be employed to understand a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particle scattering in high-energy physics to effective descriptions of many-body interactions in materials. Studying dynamical properties of emergent phases can be challenging as it requires solving many-body problems that are generally beyond perturbative limits. We investigate the dynamics of local excitations in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT using a two-dimensional lattice of superconducting qubits. We first construct a simple variational circuit which prepares low-energy states that have a large overlap with the ground state; then we create particles with local gates and simulate their quantum dynamics via a discretized time evolution. As the effective magnetic field is increased, our measurements show signatures of transitioning from deconfined to confined dynamics. For confined excitations, the magnetic field induces a tension in the string connecting them. Our method allows us to experimentally image string dynamics in a (2+1)D LGT from which we uncover two distinct regimes inside the confining phase: for weak confinement the string fluctuates strongly in the transverse direction, while for strong confinement transverse fluctuations are effectively frozen. In addition, we demonstrate a resonance condition at which dynamical string breaking is facilitated. Our LGT implementation on a quantum processor presents a novel set of techniques for investigating emergent particle and string dynamics.
Published: 2024

5. Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold

Author: Acharya, Rajeev, Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh, Aleiner, Igor, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bausch, Johannes, Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Blackwell, Sam, Boixo, Sergio, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Yu, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Chou, Charina, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Davies, Alex, De Lorenzo, Laura, Debroy, Dripto M., Demura, Sean, Devoret, Michel, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Edlich, Thomas, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Farhi, Edward, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Garcia, Gonzalo, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hall, John, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heras, Francisco J. H., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hill, Gordon, Hilton, Jeremy, Holland, George, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Kelly, Julian, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Kobrin, Bryce, Kohli, Pushmeet, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kothari, Robin, Kozlovskii, Borislav, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Lacroix, Nathan, Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lensky, Yuri D., Leon, Shannon, Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Li, Yin, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Malone, Fionn D., Maloney, Ashley, Mandrá, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Steven, Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Neven, Hartmut, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, O'Brien, Thomas E., Oliver, William D., Opremcak, Alex, Ottosson, Kristoffer, Petukhov, Andre, Pizzuto, Alex, Platt, John, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rosenfeld, Emma, Roushan, Pedram, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Senior, Andrew W., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Singh, Shraddha, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Smith, W. Clarke, Somma, Rolando D., Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, Weber, Kate, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zobrist, Nicholas
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of $\Lambda$ = 2.14 $\pm$ 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% $\pm$ 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit's lifetime by a factor of 2.4 $\pm$ 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 $\mu$s at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 $\mu$s. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3 $\times$ 10$^9$ cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information
Published: 2024

6. Thermalization and Criticality on an Analog-Digital Quantum Simulator

Author: Andersen, Trond I., Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Karamlou, Amir H., Berndtsson, Julia, Motruk, Johannes, Szasz, Aaron, Gross, Jonathan A., Schuckert, Alexander, Westerhout, Tom, Zhang, Yaxing, Forati, Ebrahim, Rossi, Dario, Kobrin, Bryce, Di Paolo, Agustin, Klots, Andrey R., Drozdov, Ilya, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Petukhov, Andre, Ioffe, Lev B., Elben, Andreas, Rath, Aniket, Vitale, Vittorio, Vermersch, Benoit, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Das, Sayan, Debroy, Dripto M., De Lorenzo, Laura, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Donohoe, Paul, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hoffmann, Markus R., Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lensky, Yuri D., Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Martin, Steven, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rocque, Charles, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szalay, Marco, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vdovichev, Sergey, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Vidal, Guifre, Roushan, Pedram, Lauchli, Andreas M., Abanin, Dmitry A., and Mi, Xiao
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: Understanding how interacting particles approach thermal equilibrium is a major challenge of quantum simulators. Unlocking the full potential of such systems toward this goal requires flexible initial state preparation, precise time evolution, and extensive probes for final state characterization. We present a quantum simulator comprising 69 superconducting qubits which supports both universal quantum gates and high-fidelity analog evolution, with performance beyond the reach of classical simulation in cross-entropy benchmarking experiments. Emulating a two-dimensional (2D) XY quantum magnet, we leverage a wide range of measurement techniques to study quantum states after ramps from an antiferromagnetic initial state. We observe signatures of the classical Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, as well as strong deviations from Kibble-Zurek scaling predictions attributed to the interplay between quantum and classical coarsening of the correlated domains. This interpretation is corroborated by injecting variable energy density into the initial state, which enables studying the effects of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in targeted parts of the eigenspectrum. Finally, we digitally prepare the system in pairwise-entangled dimer states and image the transport of energy and vorticity during thermalization. These results establish the efficacy of superconducting analog-digital quantum processors for preparing states across many-body spectra and unveiling their thermalization dynamics.
Published: 2024

7. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain

Author: Rosenberg, Eliott, Andersen, Trond, Samajdar, Rhine, Petukhov, Andre, Hoke, Jesse, Abanin, Dmitry, Bengtsson, Andreas, Drozdov, Ilya, Erickson, Catherine, Klimov, Paul, Mi, Xiao, Morvan, Alexis, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Acharya, Rajeev, Allen, Richard, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Bardin, Joseph, Bilmes, A., Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David, Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Benjamin, Chik, Desmond, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander, Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Agustin, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Farhi, E., Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius, Flores, Leslie, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin, Foxen, Brooks, Garcia, Gonzalo, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan, Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew, Harrington, Sean, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hoffmann, Markus, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William, Ioffe, Lev, Isakov, Sergei, Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, D., Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klots, Andrey, Korotkov, Alexander, Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenneth, Lensky, Yuri, Lester, Brian, Lill, Alexander, Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, A., Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Orion, Martin, Steven, McClean, Jarrod, McEwen, Matthew, Meeks, Seneca, Miao, Kevin, Mieszala, Amanda, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, M., O'Brien, Thomas, Omonije, Seun, Opremcak, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid, Quintana, Chris, Rhodes, David, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, N., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin, Schurkus, Henry, Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael, Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, Clarke, Somma, Rolando, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Theodore, Woo, Bryan, Xing, Cheng, Yao, Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Khemani, Vedika, Gopalakrishnan, Sarang, Prosen, Tomaž, and Roushan, Pedram
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the 1D Heisenberg model were conjectured to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we study the probability distribution, $P(\mathcal{M})$, of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center. The first two moments of $P(\mathcal{M})$ show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments rule out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide key insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.
Published: 2023
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8. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Author: Hoke, Jesse C., Ippoliti, Matteo, Rosenberg, Eliott, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Debroy, Dripto M., Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Augustin, Drozdov, Ilya K., Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Farhi, Edward, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Hoffmann, Markus R., Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny W., Lensky, Yuri D., Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun H., Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Tom E., Omonije, Seun, Opremcak, Alex, Petukhov, Andre, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vlad, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Somma, Rolando D., Sterling, George, Strain, Douglas, Szalay, Marco, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Ted, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie., Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Harmut, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Mi, Xiao, Khemani, Vedika, and Roushan, Pedram
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the "arrow of time" that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time that go beyond established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium. On present-day NISQ processors, the experimental realization of this physics is challenging due to noise, hardware limitations, and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address each of these experimental challenges and investigate measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping, to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases -- from entanglement scaling to measurement-induced teleportation -- in a unified way. We obtain finite-size signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement record with classical simulation data. The phases display sharply different sensitivity to noise, which we exploit to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realize measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.
Published: 2023
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9. Overcoming leakage in scalable quantum error correction

Author: Miao, Kevin C., McEwen, Matt, Atalaya, Juan, Kafri, Dvir, Pryadko, Leonid P., Bengtsson, Andreas, Opremcak, Alex, Satzinger, Kevin J., Chen, Zijun, Klimov, Paul V., Quintana, Chris, Acharya, Rajeev, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Bardin, Joseph C., Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Campero, Juan, Chiaro, Ben, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto M., Demura, Sean, Dunsworth, Andrew, Erickson, Catherine, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Garcia, Gonzalo, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan A., Hamilton, Michael C., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus R., Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Kelly, Julian, Kim, Seon, Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Laws, Lily, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Martin, Steven, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Potter, Rebecca, Rocque, Charles, Roushan, Pedram, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Sterling, George, Szalay, Marco, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, White, Theodore, Woo, Bryan W. K., Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Petukhov, Andre, Korotkov, Alexander N., Sank, Daniel, and Chen, Yu
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Leakage of quantum information out of computational states into higher energy states represents a major challenge in the pursuit of quantum error correction (QEC). In a QEC circuit, leakage builds over time and spreads through multi-qubit interactions. This leads to correlated errors that degrade the exponential suppression of logical error with scale, challenging the feasibility of QEC as a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate the execution of a distance-3 surface code and distance-21 bit-flip code on a Sycamore quantum processor where leakage is removed from all qubits in each cycle. This shortens the lifetime of leakage and curtails its ability to spread and induce correlated errors. We report a ten-fold reduction in steady-state leakage population on the data qubits encoding the logical state and an average leakage population of less than $1 \times 10^{-3}$ throughout the entire device. The leakage removal process itself efficiently returns leakage population back to the computational basis, and adding it to a code circuit prevents leakage from inducing correlated error across cycles, restoring a fundamental assumption of QEC. With this demonstration that leakage can be contained, we resolve a key challenge for practical QEC at scale., Comment: Main text: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022
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10. Non-Abelian braiding of graph vertices in a superconducting processor

Author: Andersen, Trond I., Lensky, Yuri D., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Drozdov, Ilya, Bengtsson, Andreas, Hong, Sabrina, Morvan, Alexis, Mi, Xiao, Opremcak, Alex, Acharya, Rajeev, Allen, Richard, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Bardin, Joseph C., Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Chou, Charina, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto M., Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Farhi, Edward, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus R., Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander, Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Malone, Fionn D., Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., McCourt, Trevor, McEwen, Matt, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Mohseni, Masoud, Montazeri, Shirin, Mount, Emily, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Thomas E., Omonije, Seun, Petukhov, Andre, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Somma, Rolando, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Theodore, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Boixo, Sergio, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Kim, Eun-Ah, Aleiner, Igor, and Roushan, Pedram
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract: Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date - including fermions, bosons, and Abelian anyons - this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals, the experimental observation of their exchange statistics has remained elusive for decades. Controllable many-body quantum states generated on quantum processors offer another path for exploring these fundamental phenomena. While efforts on conventional solid-state platforms typically involve Hamiltonian dynamics of quasi-particles, superconducting quantum processors allow for directly manipulating the many-body wavefunction via unitary gates. Building on predictions that stabilizer codes can host projective non-Abelian Ising anyons, we implement a generalized stabilizer code and unitary protocol to create and braid them. This allows us to experimentally verify the fusion rules of the anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. We then study the prospect of employing the anyons for quantum computation and utilize braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work provides new insights about non-Abelian braiding and - through the future inclusion of error correction to achieve topological protection - could open a path toward fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Published: 2022

11. Readout of a quantum processor with high dynamic range Josephson parametric amplifiers

Author: White, T. C., Opremcak, Alex, Sterling, George, Korotkov, Alexander, Sank, Daniel, Acharya, Rajeev, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Demura, Sean, Dunsworth, Andrew, Erickson, Catherine, Fatemi, Reza, Flores-Burgos, Leslie, Forati, Ebrahim, Foxen, Brooks, Giang, William, Giustina, Marissa, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Hamilton, Michael C., Harrington, Sean D., Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Kieferová, Márika, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Laws, Lily, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander, Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, McCourt, Trevor, McEwen, Matt, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Potter, Rebecca, Quintana, Chris, Roushan, Pedram, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shvarts, Vladimir, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Szalay, Marco, Torres, Alfredo, Woo, Bryan, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Chen, Yu, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, and Naaman, Ofer
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: We demonstrate a high dynamic range Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) in which the active nonlinear element is implemented using an array of rf-SQUIDs. The device is matched to the 50 $\Omega$ environment with a Klopfenstein-taper impedance transformer and achieves a bandwidth of 250-300 MHz, with input saturation powers up to -95 dBm at 20 dB gain. A 54-qubit Sycamore processor was used to benchmark these devices, providing a calibration for readout power, an estimate of amplifier added noise, and a platform for comparison against standard impedance matched parametric amplifiers with a single dc-SQUID. We find that the high power rf-SQUID array design has no adverse effect on system noise, readout fidelity, or qubit dephasing, and we estimate an upper bound on amplifier added noise at 1.6 times the quantum limit. Lastly, amplifiers with this design show no degradation in readout fidelity due to gain compression, which can occur in multi-tone multiplexed readout with traditional JPAs., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2022
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12. Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit

Author: Acharya, Rajeev, Aleiner, Igor, Allen, Richard, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Bardin, Joseph C., Basso, Joao, Bengtsson, Andreas, Boixo, Sergio, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Yu, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto M., Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Farhi, Edward, Fatemi, Reza, Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Higgott, Oscar, Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Kelly, Julian, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander, Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Malone, Fionn D., Marshall, Jeffrey, Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., Mccourt, Trevor, McEwen, Matt, Megrant, Anthony, Costa, Bernardo Meurer, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mohseni, Masoud, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Mount, Emily, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Neven, Hartmut, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Thomas E., Opremcak, Alex, Platt, John, Petukhov, Andre, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Roushan, Pedram, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shvarts, Vladimir, Skruzny, Jindra, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Smith, W. Clarke, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Theodore, Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Practical quantum computing will require error rates that are well below what is achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction offers a path to algorithmically-relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical qubits, where increasing the number of physical qubits enhances protection against physical errors. However, introducing more qubits also increases the number of error sources, so the density of errors must be sufficiently low in order for logical performance to improve with increasing code size. Here, we report the measurement of logical qubit performance scaling across multiple code sizes, and demonstrate that our system of superconducting qubits has sufficient performance to overcome the additional errors from increasing qubit number. We find our distance-5 surface code logical qubit modestly outperforms an ensemble of distance-3 logical qubits on average, both in terms of logical error probability over 25 cycles and logical error per cycle ($2.914\%\pm 0.016\%$ compared to $3.028\%\pm 0.023\%$). To investigate damaging, low-probability error sources, we run a distance-25 repetition code and observe a $1.7\times10^{-6}$ logical error per round floor set by a single high-energy event ($1.6\times10^{-7}$ when excluding this event). We are able to accurately model our experiment, and from this model we can extract error budgets that highlight the biggest challenges for future systems. These results mark the first experimental demonstration where quantum error correction begins to improve performance with increasing qubit number, illuminating the path to reaching the logical error rates required for computation., Comment: Main text: 6 pages, 4 figures. v2: Update author list, references, Fig. S12, Table IV
Published: 2022

13. Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons

Author: Morvan, Alexis, Andersen, Trond I., Mi, Xiao, Neill, Charles, Petukhov, Andre, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Bardin, Joseph C., Basso, Joao, Bengtsson, Andreas, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto M., Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Farhi, Edward, Fatemi, Reza, Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferova, Marika, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander, Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Malone, Fionn D., Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Costa, Bernardo Meurer, Miao, Kevin C., Mohseni, Masoud, Montazeri, Shirin, Mount, Emily, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Thomas E., Olenewa, Ricardo, Opremcak, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Quintana, Chris, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shvarts, Vladimir, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Su, Yuan, Szalay, Marco, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Theodore, Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Neven, Hartmut, Boixo, Sergio, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Aleiner, Igor, Ioffe, Lev B., and Roushan, Pedram
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract: Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of science and represent some of the most intractable puzzles in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles. The lack of general solutions for the 3-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multi-particle bound states. In a ring of 24 superconducting qubits, we develop a high fidelity parameterizable fSim gate that we use to implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-1/2 XXZ model, an archetypal model of interaction. By placing microwave photons in adjacent qubit sites, we study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to 5 photons. We devise a phase sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the common wisdom that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit., Comment: 7 pages + 15 pages supplements
Published: 2022
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14. Observation of Time-Crystalline Eigenstate Order on a Quantum Processor

Author: Mi, Xiao, Ippoliti, Matteo, Quintana, Chris, Greene, Ami, Chen, Zijun, Gross, Jonathan, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bardin, Joseph C., Basso, Joao, Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bourassa, Alexandre, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chiaro, Benjamin, Collins, Roberto, Courtney, William, Debroy, Dripto, Demura, Sean, Derk, Alan R., Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Farhi, Edward, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Gidney, Craig, Giustina, Marissa, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Hilton, Jeremy, Ho, Alan, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, L. B., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Kafri, Dvir, Khattar, Tanuj, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., McCourt, Trevor, McEwen, Matt, Miao, Kevin C., Mohseni, Masoud, Montazeri, Shirin, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Newman, Michael, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Brien, Thomas E. O\', Opremcak, Alex, Ostby, Eric, Pato, Balint, Petukhov, Andre, Rubin, Nicholas C., Sank, Daniel, Satzinger, Kevin J., Shvarts, Vladimir, Su, Yuan, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Trevithick, Matthew D., Villalonga, Benjamin, White, Theodore, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Zalcman, Adam, Neven, Hartmut, Boixo, Sergio, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Sondhi, S. L., Moessner, Roderich, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khemani, Vedika, and Roushan, Pedram
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: Quantum many-body systems display rich phase structure in their low-temperature equilibrium states. However, much of nature is not in thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, it was recently predicted that out-of-equilibrium systems can exhibit novel dynamical phases that may otherwise be forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics, a paradigmatic example being the discrete time crystal (DTC). Concretely, dynamical phases can be defined in periodically driven many-body localized systems via the concept of eigenstate order. In eigenstate-ordered phases, the entire many-body spectrum exhibits quantum correlations and long-range order, with characteristic signatures in late-time dynamics from all initial states. It is, however, challenging to experimentally distinguish such stable phases from transient phenomena, wherein few select states can mask typical behavior. Here we implement a continuous family of tunable CPHASE gates on an array of superconducting qubits to experimentally observe an eigenstate-ordered DTC. We demonstrate the characteristic spatiotemporal response of a DTC for generic initial states. Our work employs a time-reversal protocol that discriminates external decoherence from intrinsic thermalization, and leverages quantum typicality to circumvent the exponential cost of densely sampling the eigenspectrum. In addition, we locate the phase transition out of the DTC with an experimental finite-size analysis. These results establish a scalable approach to study non-equilibrium phases of matter on current quantum processors.
Published: 2021
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15. Resolving catastrophic error bursts from cosmic rays in large arrays of superconducting qubits

Author: McEwen, Matt, Faoro, Lara, Arya, Kunal, Dunsworth, Andrew, Huang, Trent, Kim, Seon, Burkett, Brian, Fowler, Austin, Arute, Frank, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Buckley, Bob B., Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Zijun, Collins, Roberto, Demura, Sean, Derk, Alan R., Erickson, Catherine, Giustina, Marissa, Harrington, Sean D., Hong, Sabrina, Jeffrey, Evan, Kelly, Julian, Klimov, Paul V., Kostritsa, Fedor, Laptev, Pavel, Locharla, Aditya, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Montazeri, Shirin, Mutus, Josh, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Opremcak, Alex, Quintana, Chris, Redd, Nicholas, Roushan, Pedram, Sank, Daniel, Satzinger, Kevin J., Shvarts, Vladimir, White, Theodore, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Martinis, John M., Neven, Hartmut, Megrant, Anthony, Ioffe, Lev, and Barends, Rami
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Scalable quantum computing can become a reality with error correction, provided coherent qubits can be constructed in large arrays. The key premise is that physical errors can remain both small and sufficiently uncorrelated as devices scale, so that logical error rates can be exponentially suppressed. However, energetic impacts from cosmic rays and latent radioactivity violate both of these assumptions. An impinging particle ionizes the substrate, radiating high energy phonons that induce a burst of quasiparticles, destroying qubit coherence throughout the device. High-energy radiation has been identified as a source of error in pilot superconducting quantum devices, but lacking a measurement technique able to resolve a single event in detail, the effect on large scale algorithms and error correction in particular remains an open question. Elucidating the physics involved requires operating large numbers of qubits at the same rapid timescales as in error correction, exposing the event's evolution in time and spread in space. Here, we directly observe high-energy rays impacting a large-scale quantum processor. We introduce a rapid space and time-multiplexed measurement method and identify large bursts of quasiparticles that simultaneously and severely limit the energy coherence of all qubits, causing chip-wide failure. We track the events from their initial localised impact to high error rates across the chip. Our results provide direct insights into the scale and dynamics of these damaging error bursts in large-scale devices, and highlight the necessity of mitigation to enable quantum computing to scale.
Published: 2021
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16. Time-crystalline eigenstate order on a quantum processor

Author: Mi, Xiao, Ippoliti, Matteo, Quintana, Chris, Greene, Ami, Chen, Zijun, Gross, Jonathan, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bardin, Joseph C, Basso, Joao, Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bourassa, Alexandre, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B, Buell, David A, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chiaro, Benjamin, Collins, Roberto, Courtney, William, Debroy, Dripto, Demura, Sean, Derk, Alan R, Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Farhi, Edward, Fowler, Austin G, Foxen, Brooks, Gidney, Craig, Giustina, Marissa, Harrigan, Matthew P, Harrington, Sean D, Hilton, Jeremy, Ho, Alan, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J, Ioffe, LB, Isakov, Sergei V, Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Kafri, Dvir, Khattar, Tanuj, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V, Korotkov, Alexander N, Kostritsa, Fedor, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R, McCourt, Trevor, McEwen, Matt, Miao, Kevin C, Mohseni, Masoud, Montazeri, Shirin, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Newman, Michael, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O’Brien, Thomas E, Opremcak, Alex, Ostby, Eric, Pato, Balint, Petukhov, Andre, Rubin, Nicholas C, Sank, Daniel, Satzinger, Kevin J, Shvarts, Vladimir, Su, Yuan, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Trevithick, Matthew D, Villalonga, Benjamin, White, Theodore, Yao, Z Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Zalcman, Adam, Neven, Hartmut, Boixo, Sergio, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, and Chen, Yu
Subjects: Cold Temperature, Phase Transition, Thermodynamics, General Science & Technology
Abstract: Quantum many-body systems display rich phase structure in their low-temperature equilibrium states1. However, much of nature is not in thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, it was recently predicted that out-of-equilibrium systems can exhibit novel dynamical phases2-8 that may otherwise be forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics, a paradigmatic example being the discrete time crystal (DTC)7,9-15. Concretely, dynamical phases can be defined in periodically driven many-body-localized (MBL) systems via the concept of eigenstate order7,16,17. In eigenstate-ordered MBL phases, the entire many-body spectrum exhibits quantum correlations and long-range order, with characteristic signatures in late-time dynamics from all initial states. It is, however, challenging to experimentally distinguish such stable phases from transient phenomena, or from regimes in which the dynamics of a few select states can mask typical behaviour. Here we implement tunable controlled-phase (CPHASE) gates on an array of superconducting qubits to experimentally observe an MBL-DTC and demonstrate its characteristic spatiotemporal response for generic initial states7,9,10. Our work employs a time-reversal protocol to quantify the impact of external decoherence, and leverages quantum typicality to circumvent the exponential cost of densely sampling the eigenspectrum. Furthermore, we locate the phase transition out of the DTC with an experimental finite-size analysis. These results establish a scalable approach to studying non-equilibrium phases of matter on quantum processors.
Published: 2022

17. Exponential suppression of bit or phase flip errors with repetitive error correction

Author: Chen, Zijun, Satzinger, Kevin J., Atalaya, Juan, Korotkov, Alexander N., Dunsworth, Andrew, Sank, Daniel, Quintana, Chris, McEwen, Matt, Barends, Rami, Klimov, Paul V., Hong, Sabrina, Jones, Cody, Petukhov, Andre, Kafri, Dvir, Demura, Sean, Burkett, Brian, Gidney, Craig, Fowler, Austin G., Putterman, Harald, Aleiner, Igor, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Babbush, Ryan, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bourassa, Alexandre, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Bushnell, Nicholas, Chiaro, Benjamin, Collins, Roberto, Courtney, William, Derk, Alan R., Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Farhi, Edward, Foxen, Brooks, Giustina, Marissa, Gross, Jonathan A., Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Hilton, Jeremy, Ho, Alan, Huang, Trent, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, L. B., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Kim, Seon, Kostritsa, Fedor, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lucero, Erik, Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., McCourt, Trevor, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mohseni, Masoud, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Mutus, Josh, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Newman, Michael, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Thomas E., Opremcak, Alex, Ostby, Eric, Pató, Bálint, Redd, Nicholas, Roushan, Pedram, Rubin, Nicholas C., Shvarts, Vladimir, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Trevithick, Matthew D., Villalonga, Benjamin, White, Theodore, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Zalcman, Adam, Neven, Hartmut, Boixo, Sergio, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Chen, Yu, Megrant, Anthony, and Kelly, Julian
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Realizing the potential of quantum computing will require achieving sufficiently low logical error rates. Many applications call for error rates in the $10^{-15}$ regime, but state-of-the-art quantum platforms typically have physical error rates near $10^{-3}$. Quantum error correction (QEC) promises to bridge this divide by distributing quantum logical information across many physical qubits so that errors can be detected and corrected. Logical errors are then exponentially suppressed as the number of physical qubits grows, provided that the physical error rates are below a certain threshold. QEC also requires that the errors are local and that performance is maintained over many rounds of error correction, two major outstanding experimental challenges. Here, we implement 1D repetition codes embedded in a 2D grid of superconducting qubits which demonstrate exponential suppression of bit or phase-flip errors, reducing logical error per round by more than $100\times$ when increasing the number of qubits from 5 to 21. Crucially, this error suppression is stable over 50 rounds of error correction. We also introduce a method for analyzing error correlations with high precision, and characterize the locality of errors in a device performing QEC for the first time. Finally, we perform error detection using a small 2D surface code logical qubit on the same device, and show that the results from both 1D and 2D codes agree with numerical simulations using a simple depolarizing error model. These findings demonstrate that superconducting qubits are on a viable path towards fault tolerant quantum computing.
Published: 2021
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18. Information Scrambling in Computationally Complex Quantum Circuits

Author: Mi, Xiao, Roushan, Pedram, Quintana, Chris, Mandra, Salvatore, Marshall, Jeffrey, Neill, Charles, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bardin, Joseph C., Barends, Rami, Bengtsson, Andreas, Boixo, Sergio, Bourassa, Alexandre, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Benjamin, Collins, Roberto, Courtney, William, Demura, Sean, Derk, Alan R., Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Farhi, Edward, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Gidney, Craig, Giustina, Marissa, Gross, Jonathan A., Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Hilton, Jeremy, Ho, Alan, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, L. B., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Kafri, Dvir, Kelly, Julian, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lucero, Erik, Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., McCourt, Trevor, McEwen, Matt, Megrant, Anthony, Miao, Kevin C., Mohseni, Masoud, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Mutus, Josh, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Newman, Michael, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Thomas E., Opremcak, Alex, Ostby, Eric, Pato, Balint, Petukhov, Andre, Redd, Nicholas, Rubin, Nicholas C., Sank, Daniel, Satzinger, Kevin J., Shvarts, Vladimir, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Trevithick, Matthew D., Villalonga, Benjamin, White, Theodore, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Zalcman, Adam, Neven, Hartmut, Aleiner, Igor, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, and Chen, Yu
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: Interaction in quantum systems can spread initially localized quantum information into the many degrees of freedom of the entire system. Understanding this process, known as quantum scrambling, is the key to resolving various conundrums in physics. Here, by measuring the time-dependent evolution and fluctuation of out-of-time-order correlators, we experimentally investigate the dynamics of quantum scrambling on a 53-qubit quantum processor. We engineer quantum circuits that distinguish the two mechanisms associated with quantum scrambling, operator spreading and operator entanglement, and experimentally observe their respective signatures. We show that while operator spreading is captured by an efficient classical model, operator entanglement requires exponentially scaled computational resources to simulate. These results open the path to studying complex and practically relevant physical observables with near-term quantum processors.
Published: 2021
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19. Exponential suppression of bit or phase errors with cyclic error correction

Author: Chen, Zijun, Satzinger, Kevin J, Atalaya, Juan, Korotkov, Alexander N, Dunsworth, Andrew, Sank, Daniel, Quintana, Chris, McEwen, Matt, Barends, Rami, Klimov, Paul V, Hong, Sabrina, Jones, Cody, Petukhov, Andre, Kafri, Dvir, Demura, Sean, Burkett, Brian, Gidney, Craig, Fowler, Austin G, Paler, Alexandru, Putterman, Harald, Aleiner, Igor, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Babbush, Ryan, Bardin, Joseph C, Bengtsson, Andreas, Bourassa, Alexandre, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B, Buell, David A, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chiaro, Benjamin, Collins, Roberto, Courtney, William, Derk, Alan R, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Farhi, Edward, Foxen, Brooks, Giustina, Marissa, Greene, Ami, Gross, Jonathan A, Harrigan, Matthew P, Harrington, Sean D, Hilton, Jeremy, Ho, Alan, Huang, Trent, Huggins, William J, Ioffe, LB, Isakov, Sergei V, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Kostritsa, Fedor, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lucero, Erik, Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R, McCourt, Trevor, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C, Mohseni, Masoud, Montazeri, Shirin, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Mutus, Josh, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Newman, Michael, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Thomas E, Opremcak, Alex, Ostby, Eric, Pato, Balint, Redd, Nicholas, Roushan, Pedram, Rubin, Nicholas C, Shvarts, Vladimir, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Trevithick, Matthew D, Villalonga, Benjamin, White, Theodore, Yao, Z Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Zalcman, Adam, Neven, Hartmut, Boixo, Sergio, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Chen, Yu, Megrant, Anthony, and Kelly, Julian
Subjects: Google Quantum AI, General Science & Technology
Abstract: Realizing the potential of quantum computing requires sufficiently low logical error rates1. Many applications call for error rates as low as 10-15 (refs. 2-9), but state-of-the-art quantum platforms typically have physical error rates near 10-3 (refs. 10-14). Quantum error correction15-17 promises to bridge this divide by distributing quantum logical information across many physical qubits in such a way that errors can be detected and corrected. Errors on the encoded logical qubit state can be exponentially suppressed as the number of physical qubits grows, provided that the physical error rates are below a certain threshold and stable over the course of a computation. Here we implement one-dimensional repetition codes embedded in a two-dimensional grid of superconducting qubits that demonstrate exponential suppression of bit-flip or phase-flip errors, reducing logical error per round more than 100-fold when increasing the number of qubits from 5 to 21. Crucially, this error suppression is stable over 50 rounds of error correction. We also introduce a method for analysing error correlations with high precision, allowing us to characterize error locality while performing quantum error correction. Finally, we perform error detection with a small logical qubit using the 2D surface code on the same device18,19 and show that the results from both one- and two-dimensional codes agree with numerical simulations that use a simple depolarizing error model. These experimental demonstrations provide a foundation for building a scalable fault-tolerant quantum computer with superconducting qubits.
Published: 2021

20. Surface Reconstructions of Heusler Compounds in the Ni-Ti-Sn (001) System

Author: Rice, Anthony D., Sharan, Abhishek, Wilson, Nathaniel S., Harrington, Sean D., Pendharkar, Mihir, Janotti, Anderson, and Palmstrøm, Chris J.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: As progress is made on thin-film synthesis of Heusler compounds, a more complete understanding of the surface will be required to control their properties, especially as functional heterostructures are explored. Here, the surface reconstructions of semiconducting half-Heusler NiTiSn(001), and Ni1+xTiSn(001) (x=0.0-1.0) are explored as a way to optimize growth conditions during molecular beam epitaxy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to guide the interpretation of the experimental results. For NiTiSn(001) a c(2x2) surface reconstruction was observed for Sn rich samples, while a (1x1) unreconstructed surface was observed for Ti-rich samples. A narrow range around 1:1:1 stoichiometry exhibited a (2x1) surface reconstruction. Electrical transport is used to relate the observed reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern during and after growth with carrier concentration and stoichiometry. Scanning tunneling microscopy and RHEED were used to examine surface reconstructions, the results of which are in good agreement with density functional calculations. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine surface termination and stoichiometry. Atomic surface models are proposed, which suggest Sn-dimers form in reconstructed Ni1+xTiSn(001) half-Heusler surfaces (x<0.25) with a transition to Ni terminated surfaces for x > 0.25.
Published: 2019

21. Nemacol is a small molecule inhibitor of C. elegans vesicular acetylcholine transporter with anthelmintic potential

Author: Harrington, Sean, Pyche, Jacob, Burns, Andrew R., Spalholz, Tina, Ryan, Kaetlyn T., Baker, Rachel J., Ching, Justin, Rufener, Lucien, Lautens, Mark, Kulke, Daniel, Vernudachi, Alexandre, Zamanian, Mostafa, Deuther-Conrad, Winnie, Brust, Peter, and Roy, Peter J.
Published: 2023
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22. Growth, electrical, structural, and magnetic properties of half-Heusler CoTi$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Sb

Author: Harrington, Sean D., Rice, Anthony D., Brown-Heft, Tobias, Bonef, Bastien, Sharan, Abhishek, McFadden, Anthony P., Logan, John A., Pendharkar, Mihir, Feldman, Mayer M., Mercan, Ozge, Petukhov, Andre G., Janotti, Anderson, Arslan, Leyla Çolakerol, and Palmstrøm, Chris J.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Epitaxial thin films of the substitutionally alloyed half-Heusler series CoTi$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Sb were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InAlAs/InP(001) substrates for concentrations 0.0$\leq$x$\leq$1.0. The influence of Fe on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties was studied and compared to that expected from density functional theory. The films are epitaxial and single crystalline, as measured by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Using in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, only small changes in the valence band are detected for x$\leq$0.5. For films with x$\geq$0.05, ferromagnetism is observed in SQUID magnetometry with a saturation magnetization that scales linearly with Fe content. A dramatic decrease in the magnetic moment per formula unit occurs when the Fe is substitutionally alloyed on the Co site indicating a strong dependence on the magnetic moment with site occupancy. A crossover from both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic moments to only in-plane moment occurs for higher concentrations of Fe. Ferromagnetic resonance indicates a transition from weak to strong interaction with a reduction in inhomogeneous broadening as Fe content is increased. Temperature-dependent transport reveals a semiconductor to metal transition with thermally activated behavior for x$\leq$0.5. Anomalous Hall effect and large negative magnetoresistance (up to -18.5% at 100 kOe for x=0.3) are observed for higher Fe content films. Evidence of superparamagnetism for x=0.3 and x=0.2 suggests for moderate levels of Fe, demixing of the CoTi$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Sb films into Fe rich and Fe deficient regions may be present. Atom probe tomography is used to examine the Fe distribution in a x=0.3 film. Statistical analysis reveals a nonhomogeneous distribution of Fe atoms throughout the film, which is used to explain the observed magnetic and electrical behavior.
Published: 2017
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23. Egg-laying and locomotory screens with C. elegans yield a nematode-selective small molecule stimulator of neurotransmitter release

Author: Harrington, Sean, Knox, Jessica J., Burns, Andrew R., Choo, Ken-Loon, Au, Aaron, Kitner, Megan, Haeberli, Cecile, Pyche, Jacob, D’Amata, Cassandra, Kim, Yong-Hyun, Volpatti, Jonathan R., Guiliani, Maximillano, Snider, Jamie, Wong, Victoria, Palmeira, Bruna M., Redman, Elizabeth M., Vaidya, Aditya S., Gilleard, John S., Stagljar, Igor, Cutler, Sean R., Kulke, Daniel, Dowling, James J., Yip, Christopher M., Keiser, Jennifer, Zasada, Inga, Lautens, Mark, and Roy, Peter J.
Published: 2022
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24. Gated Magnetotransport in α-Sn Thin Films on CdTe

Author: Vail, Owen, Chang, Alex, Harrington, Sean, Folkes, Patrick, Taylor, Patrick, Nichols, Barbara, Palmstrøm, Chris, and de Coster, George
Published: 2021
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25. Pleistocene Glaciation Drove Shared Population Coexpansion in Eastern North American Snakes.

Author: Harrington, Sean, Overcast, Isaac, Myers, Edward A., and Burbrink, Frank T.
Subjects: *MACHINE learning, *LAST Glacial Maximum, *ICE sheets, *GENETIC distance, *POPULATION genetics
Abstract: ABSTRACT Glacial cycles during the Pleistocene had profound impacts on local environments and climatic conditions. In North America, some regions that currently support diverse biomes were entirely covered by ice sheets, while other regions were environmentally unsuitable for the organisms that live there now. Organisms that occupy these regions in the present day must have expanded or dispersed into these regions since the last glacial maximum, leading to the possibility that species with similar geographic distributions may show temporally concordant population size changes associated with these warming trends. We examined 17 lineages from 9 eastern North American snake species and species complexes to test for a signal of temporally concordant coexpansion using a machine learning approach. We found that the majority of lineages show population size increases towards the present, with evidence for coexpansion in five out of fourteen lineages, while expansion in others was idiosyncratic. We also examined relationships between genetic distance and current environmental predictors and showed that genomic responses to environmental predictors are not consistent among species. We, therefore, conclude that Pleistocene warming resulted in population size increases in most eastern North American snake species, but variation in environmental preferences and other species‐specific traits results in variance in the exact timing of expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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26. Dartmouth Outward Bound Center and the rise of experiential education, 1957–1976

Author: Seaman, Jayson, MacArthur, Robert, and Harrington, Sean
Published: 2020
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27. A novel allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor ameliorates hyperdopaminergia endophenotypes in rodent models

Author: Mielnik, Catharine A., Sugamori, Kim S., Finlay, David B., Thorpe, Hayley H. A., Schapira, Matthieu, Sivananthan, Nirunthan, Li, Chun Kit, Lam, Vincent M., Harrington, Sean, Abdelrahman, Mostafa H., Trembleau, Laurent A., McIntyre Burnham, W., Khokhar, Jibran Y., Salahpour, Ali, Ramsey, Amy J., Glass, Michelle, Greig, Iain R., and Ross, Ruth A.
Published: 2021
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28. Pegylated Interferon-α–Induced Natural Killer Cell Activation Is Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 DNA Decline in Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated HIV-1/Hepatitis C Virus–Coinfected Patients

Author: Hua, Stéphane, Vigano, Selena, Tse, Samantha, Zhengyu, Ouyang, Harrington, Sean, Negron, Jordi, Garcia-Broncano, Pilar, Marchetti, Giulia, Genebat, Miguel, Leal, Manuel, Resino, Salvador, Ruiz-Mateos, Ezequiel, Lichterfeld, Mathias, and Yu, Xu G.
Published: 2018

29. Walt Disney's world : homunculus, apparatus, utopia

Author: Harrington, Sean and Nobus, D.
Subjects: 791.06, Psychoanalysis, Disney, Lacan, Sexuality, Perversion
Abstract: This text seeks to provide an account of the subject as a consumer of mass-media. As such, the contemporary consumer must interact with corporate entities as socio-cultural institutions that enable a self-administration of gratification. The case under discussion is that of the Walt Disney Company, which is perhaps the most iconic purveyor of consumable media in the world. It is argued that the Walt Disney Company is structurally perverse, that the gratification of the Disney consumer is achieved at their expense, and that this expense is to the benefit of Disney commercially and structurally as a major socio-cultural institution. This text makes use of Lacanian psychoanalytic theory, film and cultural studies, and the industrial-organisational history of the Walt Disney Company to create an account of the subject's interactions within the apparatus of Disney media. The account of consumerism constructed within this text is organised by a synthesis of several theoretical constructs: the animated homunculus, the regressive cinematic apparatus and the Disney consumerist utopia. The homunculus refers to a point of contact for the subject's gratification. It is a fetishistic device used in animated films to create a focal point for the viewer's desire and identifications. This operates within the subject's relation to the screen as apparatus, which in the case of Disney is demonstrated to be regressive in its narrative structure and stylistic content. The regressive pleasures of Disney media support a system and economy of gratification that crystallizes in Disney as a commercial entity. The ideological and structural core of the Disney entity is demonstrated to be a utopian vision of consumerism and self-administration of gratification. The creation of socio-cultural structures that enable the subject to self-administrate their gratification is shown to be related to the problem of addiction; a dependency on consumables and consumption itself. Together these concepts create a holistic account of Disney as an object of study, as both commercial entity, visual medium and cultural institution.
Published: 2012

30. Staurosporine Increases Lentiviral Vector Transduction Efficiency of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Author: Lewis, Gretchen, Christiansen, Lauryn, McKenzie, Jessica, Luo, Min, Pasackow, Eli, Smurnyy, Yegor, Harrington, Sean, Gregory, Philip, Veres, Gabor, Negre, Olivier, and Bonner, Melissa
Published: 2018
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31. Tumorgrafts as In Vivo Surrogates for Women with Ovarian Cancer

Author: Weroha, S John, Becker, Marc A, Enderica-Gonzalez, Sergio, Harrington, Sean C, Oberg, Ann L, Maurer, Matthew J, Perkins, Sarah E, AlHilli, Mariam, Butler, Kristina A, McKinstry, Sarah, Fink, Stephanie, Jenkins, Robert B, Hou, Xiaonan, Kalli, Kimberly R, Goodman, Karin M, Sarkaria, Jann N, Karlan, Beth Y, Kumar, Amanika, Kaufmann, Scott H, Hartmann, Lynn C, and Haluska, Paul
Subjects: Rare Diseases, Ovarian Cancer, Orphan Drug, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Biomarkers, Tumor, Chromosome Aberrations, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Graft Survival, Heterografts, Humans, Mice, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Staging, Ovarian Neoplasms, Ultrasonography, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract: PurposeOvarian cancer has a high recurrence and mortality rate. A barrier to improved outcomes includes a lack of accurate models for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics.Experimental designClinically relevant, patient-derived tumorgraft models were generated from sequential patients and the first 168 engrafted models are described. Fresh ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube carcinomas were collected at the time of debulking surgery and injected intraperitoneally into severe combined immunodeficient mice.ResultsTumorgrafts demonstrated a 74% engraftment rate with microscopic fidelity of primary tumor characteristics. Low-passage tumorgrafts also showed comparable genomic aberrations with the corresponding primary tumor and exhibit gene set enrichment of multiple ovarian cancer molecular subtypes, similar to patient tumors. Importantly, each of these tumorgraft models is annotated with clinical data and for those that have been tested, response to platinum chemotherapy correlates with the source patient.ConclusionsPresented herein is the largest known living tumor bank of patient-derived, ovarian tumorgraft models that can be applied to the development of personalized cancer treatment.
Published: 2014

32. Mitochondrial recovery from shotgun metagenome sequencing enabling phylogenetic analysis of the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus)

Author: Doane, Michael P., Kacev, Dovi, Harrington, Sean, Levi, Kyle, Pande, Dnyanada, Vega, Alejandro, and Dinsdale, Elizabeth A.
Published: 2018
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33. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations drive isolation and secondary contact in the red diamond rattlesnake (Crotalus ruber) in Baja California

Author: Harrington, Sean M., Hollingsworth, Bradford D., Higham, Timothy E., and Reeder, Tod W.
Published: 2018

34. PhyteByte: identification of foods containing compounds with specific pharmacological properties

Author: Westerman, Kenneth E., Harrington, Sean, Ordovas, Jose M., and Parnell, Laurence D.
Published: 2020
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35. Phylogenomics of Fresh and Formalin Specimens Resolves the Systematics of Old World Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) and Expands Biogeographic Inference

Author: Bernstein, Justin M., primary, De Souza, Hugo, additional, Murphy, John, additional, Voris, Harold, additional, Brown, Rafe, additional, Myers, Edward, additional, Harrington, Sean, additional, Shanker, Kartik, additional, and Ruane, Sara, additional
Published: 2023
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36. In vivo anti-tumor activity of the PARP inhibitor niraparib in homologous recombination deficient and proficient ovarian carcinoma

Author: AlHilli, Mariam M., Becker, Marc A., Weroha, S. John, Flatten, Karen S., Hurley, Rachel M., Harrell, Maria I., Oberg, Ann L., Maurer, Matt J., Hawthorne, Kieran M., Hou, Xiaonan, Harrington, Sean C., McKinstry, Sarah, Meng, X. Wei, Wilcoxen, Keith M., Kalli, Kimberly R., Swisher, Elizabeth M., Kaufmann, Scott H., and Haluska, Paul
Published: 2016
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37. Squamate Phylogenetics, Molecular Branch Lengths, and Molecular Apomorphies: A Response to McMahan et al.

Author: Harrington, Sean M., Leavitt, Dean H., and Reeder, Tod W.
Published: 2016
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38. Surface reconstructions and transport of epitaxial PtLuSb (001) thin films grown by MBE

Author: Patel, Sahil J., Logan, John A., Harrington, Sean D., Schultz, Brian D., and Palmstrøm, Chris J.
Published: 2016
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39. Quantum information phases in space-time: measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Author: Hoke, Jesse, primary, Ippoliti, Matteo, additional, Abanin, Dmitry, additional, Acharya, Rajeev, additional, Ansmann, Markus, additional, Arute, Frank, additional, Arya, Kunal, additional, Asfaw, Abraham, additional, Atalaya, Juan, additional, Babbush, Ryan, additional, Bardin, Joseph, additional, Bengtsson, Andreas, additional, Bortoli, Gina, additional, Bourassa, Alexandre, additional, Bovaird, Jenna, additional, Brill, Leon, additional, Broughton, Michael, additional, Buckley, Bob, additional, Buell, David, additional, Burger, Tim, additional, Burkett, Brian, additional, Bushnell, Nicholas, additional, Chen, Zijun, additional, Chiaro, Ben, additional, Chik, Desmond, additional, Chou, Charina, additional, Cogan, Josh, additional, Collins, Roberto, additional, Conner, Paul, additional, Courtney, William, additional, Crook, Alexander, additional, Curtin, Ben, additional, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, additional, Debroy, Dripto, additional, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, additional, Demura, Sean, additional, Paolo, Augustin Di, additional, Drozdov, Ilya, additional, Dunsworth, Andrew, additional, Eppens, Daniel, additional, Erickson, Catherine, additional, Faoro, Lara, additional, Farhi, Edward, additional, Fatemi, Reza, additional, Ferreira, Vinicius, additional, Burgos, Leslie Flores, additional, Forati, Ebrahim, additional, Fowler, Austin, additional, Foxen, Brooks, additional, Giang, William, additional, Gidney, Craig, additional, Gilboa, Dar, additional, Giustina, Marissa, additional, Gosula, Raja, additional, Gross, Jonathan, additional, Habegger, Steve, additional, Hamilton, Michael, additional, Hansen, Monica, additional, Harrigan, Matthew, additional, Harrington, Sean, additional, Heu, Paula, additional, Hoffmann, Markus, additional, Hong, Sabrina, additional, Huang, Trent, additional, Huff, Ashley, additional, Huggins, William, additional, Isakov, Sergei, additional, Iveland, Justin, additional, Jeffrey, E., additional, Jones, Cody, additional, Juhas, Pavol, additional, Kafri, Dvir, additional, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, additional, Khattar, Tanuj, additional, Khezri, Mostafa, additional, Kieferova, Marika, additional, Kim, Seon, additional, Kitaev, Alexei, additional, Klimov, Paul, additional, Klots, Andrey, additional, Korotkov, Alexander, additional, Kostritsa, Fedor, additional, Kreikebaum, John Mark, additional, Landhuis, David, additional, Laptev, Pavel, additional, Lau, Kim-Ming, additional, Laws, Lily, additional, Lee, Joonho, additional, Lee, Kenny, additional, Lensky, Yuri, additional, Lester, Brian, additional, Lill, Alexander, additional, Liu, Wayne, additional, Locharla, Aditya, additional, Malone, Fionn, additional, Martin, Orion, additional, McClean, Jarrod, additional, McEwen, Matt, additional, Miao, Kevin, additional, Mieszala, Amanda, additional, Montazeri, Shirin, additional, Morvan, Alexis, additional, Movassagh, Ramis, additional, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, additional, Neeley, Matthew, additional, Neill, Charles, additional, Nersisyan, Ani, additional, Newman, Michael, additional, Ng, Jiun How, additional, Nguyen, Anthony, additional, Nguyen, Murray, additional, Niu, Murphy, additional, O'Brien, Thomas, additional, Omonije, Seun, additional, Opremcak, Alex, additional, Petukhov, Andre, additional, Potter, Rebecca, additional, Pryadko, Leonid, additional, Quintana, Chris, additional, Rocque, Charles, additional, Rubin, Nicholas, additional, Saei, Negar, additional, Sank, Daniel, additional, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, additional, Satzinger, Kevin, additional, Schurkus, Henry, additional, Schuster, Christopher, additional, Shearn, Michael, additional, Shorter, Aaron, additional, Shutty, Noah, additional, Vladimir, Shvarts, additional, Skruzny, Jindra, additional, Smith, W., additional, Somma, Rolando, additional, Sterling, George, additional, Strain, Doug, additional, Szalay, Marco, additional, Torres, Alfredo, additional, Vidal, Guifre, additional, Villalonga, Benjamin, additional, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, additional, White, Theodore, additional, Woo, Bryan, additional, Xing, Cheng, additional, Yao, Z. Jamie, additional, Yeh, Ping, additional, Yoo, Juhwan, additional, Young, Grayson, additional, Zalcman, Adam, additional, Zhang, Yaxing, additional, Zhu, Ningfeng, additional, Zobrist, Nicholas, additional, Neven, Hartmut, additional, Bacon, Dave, additional, Boixo, Sergio, additional, Hilton, Jeremy, additional, Lucero, Erik, additional, Megrant, Anthony, additional, Kelly, Julian, additional, Chen, Yu, additional, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, additional, Mi, Xiao, additional, Khemani, Vedika, additional, and Roushan, Pedram, additional
Published: 2023
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40. Supplementary Figure 1 from Dual HER/VEGF Receptor Targeting Inhibits In Vivo Ovarian Cancer Tumor Growth

Author: Becker, Marc A., primary, Farzan, Thahir, primary, Harrington, Sean C., primary, Krempski, James W., primary, Weroha, S. John, primary, Hou, Xiaonan, primary, Kalli, Kimberly R., primary, Wong, Tai W., primary, and Haluska, Paul, primary
Published: 2023
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41. Zero-bias conductance peaks at zero applied magnetic field due to stray fields from integrated micromagnets in hybrid nanowire quantum dots

Author: Jiang, Yifan, Gupta, Mohit, Riggert, Colin, Pendharkar, Mihir, Dempsey, Connor, Lee, Joon Sue, Harrington, Sean, Palmstrøm, Chris, Pribiag, Vlad, and Frolov, Sergey
Subjects: Majorana bound states, Andreev bound states, Ferromagnetism and stray Fields, InSb nanowire, InAs nanowire, Superconductor proximity
Abstract: This is the data set (v1.0) for our paper: 'Zero-bias conductance peaks at zero applied magnetic field due to stray fields from integrated micromagnets in hybrid nanowire quantum dots'. If you have any questions on this data set, you may email Jiang, Yifan (yij20@pitt.edu) or Frolov, Sergey (frolovsm@pitt.edu).
Published: 2023
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42. Clonal expansion of genome-intact HIV-1 in functionally polarized Th1 [CD4.sup.+] T cells

Author: Lee, Guinevere Q., Oriova-Fink, Nina, Einkauf, Kevin, Chowdhury, Fatema Z., Sun, Xiaoming, Harrington, Sean, Kuo, Hsiao-Hsuan, Hua, Stephane, Chen, Hsiao-Rong, Ouyang, Zhengyu, Reddy, Kavidha, Dong, Krista, Ndungu, Thumbi, Walker, Bruce, Rosenberg, Eric S., Yu, Xu.G., and Lichterfeld, Mathias
Subjects: Genetic aspects, Health aspects, Virulence (Microbiology) -- Genetic aspects, HIV -- Genetic aspects -- Health aspects, Gene expression -- Health aspects, T cells -- Health aspects
Abstract: Introduction A distinct characteristic of HIV-1 infection is the establishment of a long-lived reservoir of virally infected [CD4.sup.+] T cells that encode for, but do not actively express, replication-competent HIV-1 [...], HIV-1 causes a chronic, incurable disease due to its persistence in [CD4.sup.+]T cells that contain replication -competent provirus, but exhibit little or no active viral gene expression and effectively resist combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). These latently infected T cells represent an extremely small proportion of all circulating [CD.sup.+]T cells but possess a remarkable long-term stability and typically persist throughout life, for reasons that are not fully understood. Here we performed massive single-genome, near-full-length next-generation sequencing of HIV-1 DNA derived from unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, exvivo-isolated [CD4.sup.+]T cells, and subsets of functionally polarized memory [CD4.sup.+]T cells. This approach identified multiple sets of independent, near-full-length proviral sequences from cART-treated individuals that were completely identical, consistent with clonal expansion of [CD4.sup.+]T cells harboring intact HIV-1. Intact, near-full-genome HIV-1 DNA sequences that were derived from such donally expanded [CD4.sup.+] T cells constituted 62% of all analyzed genomeintact sequences in memory [CD4.sup.+] T cells, were preferentially observed in Th1-polarized cells, were longitudinally detected overa duration of up to 5 years, and were fully replication- and infection-competent. Together, these data suggest that clonal proliferation of Th1-polarized [CD4.sup.+]T cells encoding for intact HIV-1 represents a driving force for stabilizing the pool of latently infected [CD4.sup.+]T cells.
Published: 2017
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43. Secrets to Effective Electronic Documents in the Appellate Process

Author: Harrington, Sean L.
Published: 2015

44. Quantum information phases in space-time: measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Author: Hoke, Jesse C., Ippoliti, Matteo, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Chou, Charina, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Debroy, Dripto M., Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Augustin, Drozdov, Ilya K., Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Farhi, Edward, Fatem, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Hoffmann, Markus R., Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffr, Evan, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny W., Lensky, Yuri D., Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Malone, Fionn D., Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., McCourt, Trevor, McEwen, Matt, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun H., Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Tom E., Omonije, Seun, Opremcak, Alex, Petukhov, Andre, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, Nicholas C., Sank, Negar Saei Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vlad, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Sterling, Rolando D. Somma George, Strain, Douglas, Szalay, Marco, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Ted, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie., Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Harmut, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Mi, Xiao, Khemani, Vedika, and Roushan, Pedram
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Quantum Physics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the "arrow of time" that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time that go beyond established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium. On present-day NISQ processors, the experimental realization of this physics is challenging due to noise, hardware limitations, and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address each of these experimental challenges and investigate measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping, to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases -- from entanglement scaling to measurement-induced teleportation -- in a unified way. We obtain finite-size signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement record with classical simulation data. The phases display sharply different sensitivity to noise, which we exploit to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realize measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.
Published: 2023

45. Data from Shifts in the Fecal Microbiota Associated with Adenomatous Polyps

Author: Hale, Vanessa L., primary, Chen, Jun, primary, Johnson, Stephen, primary, Harrington, Sean C., primary, Yab, Tracy C., primary, Smyrk, Thomas C., primary, Nelson, Heidi, primary, Boardman, Lisa A., primary, Druliner, Brooke R., primary, Levin, Theodore R., primary, Rex, Douglas K., primary, Ahnen, Dennis J., primary, Lance, Peter, primary, Ahlquist, David A., primary, and Chia, Nicholas, primary
Published: 2023
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46. Supplementary Figure Legend from Tumorgrafts as In Vivo Surrogates for Women with Ovarian Cancer

Author: Weroha, S. John, primary, Becker, Marc A., primary, Enderica-Gonzalez, Sergio, primary, Harrington, Sean C., primary, Oberg, Ann L., primary, Maurer, Matthew J., primary, Perkins, Sarah E., primary, AlHilli, Mariam, primary, Butler, Kristina A., primary, McKinstry, Sarah, primary, Fink, Stephanie, primary, Jenkins, Robert B., primary, Hou, Xiaonan, primary, Kalli, Kimberly R., primary, Goodman, Karin M., primary, Sarkaria, Jann N., primary, Karlan, Beth Y., primary, Kumar, Amanika, primary, Kaufmann, Scott H., primary, Hartmann, Lynn C., primary, and Haluska, Paul, primary
Published: 2023
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47. Table S1 from Shifts in the Fecal Microbiota Associated with Adenomatous Polyps

Author: Hale, Vanessa L., primary, Chen, Jun, primary, Johnson, Stephen, primary, Harrington, Sean C., primary, Yab, Tracy C., primary, Smyrk, Thomas C., primary, Nelson, Heidi, primary, Boardman, Lisa A., primary, Druliner, Brooke R., primary, Levin, Theodore R., primary, Rex, Douglas K., primary, Ahnen, Dennis J., primary, Lance, Peter, primary, Ahlquist, David A., primary, and Chia, Nicholas, primary
Published: 2023
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48. Suppementary Figure 1 from Shifts in the Fecal Microbiota Associated with Adenomatous Polyps

Author: Hale, Vanessa L., primary, Chen, Jun, primary, Johnson, Stephen, primary, Harrington, Sean C., primary, Yab, Tracy C., primary, Smyrk, Thomas C., primary, Nelson, Heidi, primary, Boardman, Lisa A., primary, Druliner, Brooke R., primary, Levin, Theodore R., primary, Rex, Douglas K., primary, Ahnen, Dennis J., primary, Lance, Peter, primary, Ahlquist, David A., primary, and Chia, Nicholas, primary
Published: 2023
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49. Supplementary Figures 1 - 4 from Tumorgrafts as In Vivo Surrogates for Women with Ovarian Cancer

Author: Weroha, S. John, primary, Becker, Marc A., primary, Enderica-Gonzalez, Sergio, primary, Harrington, Sean C., primary, Oberg, Ann L., primary, Maurer, Matthew J., primary, Perkins, Sarah E., primary, AlHilli, Mariam, primary, Butler, Kristina A., primary, McKinstry, Sarah, primary, Fink, Stephanie, primary, Jenkins, Robert B., primary, Hou, Xiaonan, primary, Kalli, Kimberly R., primary, Goodman, Karin M., primary, Sarkaria, Jann N., primary, Karlan, Beth Y., primary, Kumar, Amanika, primary, Kaufmann, Scott H., primary, Hartmann, Lynn C., primary, and Haluska, Paul, primary
Published: 2023
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50. Figure S3 from Shifts in the Fecal Microbiota Associated with Adenomatous Polyps

Author: Hale, Vanessa L., primary, Chen, Jun, primary, Johnson, Stephen, primary, Harrington, Sean C., primary, Yab, Tracy C., primary, Smyrk, Thomas C., primary, Nelson, Heidi, primary, Boardman, Lisa A., primary, Druliner, Brooke R., primary, Levin, Theodore R., primary, Rex, Douglas K., primary, Ahnen, Dennis J., primary, Lance, Peter, primary, Ahlquist, David A., primary, and Chia, Nicholas, primary
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

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