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2. An Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA)-Based Framework to Prepare Fourth-Year Medical Students for Internal Medicine Careers

Author

Elnicki, D. Michael, Aiyer, Meenakshy K., Cannarozzi, Maria L., Carbo, Alexander, Chelminski, Paul R., Chheda, Shobhina G., Chudgar, Saumil M., Harrell, Heather E., Hood, L. Chad, Horn, Michelle, Johl, Karnjit, Kane, Gregory C., McNeill, Diana B., Muntz, Marty D., Pereira, Anne G., Stewart, Emily, Tarantino, Heather, and Vu, T. Robert

Published
2017
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8. Biobanking research and privacy laws in the United States

Author

Harrell, Heather L. and Rothstein, Mark A.

Subjects
Informed consent -- Laws, regulations and rules, Medical research -- Laws, regulations and rules, Right of privacy -- Laws, regulations and rules, DNA banks -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Health, Law, United States Constitution (U.S. Const. amend. 4)
Abstract

Please see the Table of Abbreviations following the text of this article. I. Introduction Numerous laws and guidelines in the United States deal with biobanking, regulation of research, and sharing [...]

Published
2016
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9. Comparative approaches to biobanks and privacy

Author

Rothstein, Mark A., Knoppers, Bartha Maria, and Harrell, Heather L.

Subjects
Medical research -- Ethical aspects, Right of privacy -- Comparative analysis, DNA banks -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Comparative analysis, Health, Law
Abstract

I. Introduction The Human Genome Project (1990-2003) was the first worldwide venture into 'big biology.' (1) The effort to map and sequence the entire human genome was extraordinary in terms [...]

Published
2016
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11. Impact of Match Violations on Applicants’ Perceptions and Rankings of Residency Programs

Author

Monir, Reesa L, Michaudet, Kristina, Monir, Joseph G, Rahmanian, Kiarash P, Michaudet, Charlie, Cooper, Lou Ann, and Harrell, Heather

Subjects
match, Medical Education, violations, interviews, nrmp, applicants, medical school, residency
Abstract

Introduction The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) requires all Match participants to adhere to a strict code of conduct known as the Match Participation Agreement, yet Match violations continue to occur. We sought to determine how interview experiences, including Match violations, impact applicants' perceptions and rankings of residency programs. Methods An electronic survey was sent to all accredited medical school Deans of Student Affairs and Association of American Medical Colleges Student Representatives for distribution to fourth-year medical students. Questions assessed pressures that residency programs placed on applicants during interview season and their impact on applicants. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Results Of the 433 included respondents, 31.2% (n = 135) reported breaches of the NRMP Match Participation Agreement. Of those, 63% (n = 85) had a negative perception of the violating programs, and 37.8% (n = 51) were less likely to rank those programs highly. Violations included asking applicants about the locations of their other interviews (60.3%, n = 261), pressuring applicants to reveal their ranking (24.0%, n = 104), explicitly requesting applicants to reveal their ranking (6.5%, n = 28), asking applicants to provide a commitment before Match day (3.9%, n = 17), and other behavior that was felt to ignore the spirit of the Match (16.4%, n = 71). Implying that applicants would match into a program if they ranked it highly (37.2%, n = 161) was received positively by 65.2% (n = 105) of applicants experiencing this breach, with 42.2% (n = 68) ranking the program more highly. Three major themes impacting applicants' impressions of residency programs emerged from the qualitative data: interview experience, professionalism, and post-interview communication (PIC). Respondents overwhelmingly agreed that PIC should either be eliminated or that programs should set clear expectations for PIC. Conclusions Match violations continue to occur, despite the NRMP Match Participation Agreement. With the notable exception of communication implying that applicants would match into a program, applicants overwhelmingly view programs that commit these violations negatively and often rank these programs lower as a result.

Published
2021

14. Factors associated with medical students' career choices regarding internal medicine

Author

Hauer, Karen E., Durning, Steven J., Kernan, Walter N., Fagan, Mark J., Mintz, Matthew, O'Sullivan, Patricia S., Battistone, Michael, DeFer, Thomas, Elnicki, Michael, Harrell, Heather, Reddy, Shalini, Boscardin, Christy K., and Schwartz, Mark D.

Subjects
Internal medicine -- Evaluation, Internal medicine -- Practice, Medical students
Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with the decision of medical students regarding their career choices regarding internal medicine (IM). Results indicated that most medical students expressed reservations regarding IM as a career option and those who were happy with the IM practice environment, internists lifestyle, etc were more likely to pursue IM as a career.

Published
2008

17. The role of parents in expanded newborn screening.

Author

Harrell, Heather

Subjects
Parental consent -- Laws, regulations and rules, Infants (Newborn) -- Medical examination, Informed consent (Medical law) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation
Abstract

The recent increase in the number of diseases for which newborns are screened has led to renewed discussion about the risks, benefits, ethics, and advocacy involved in newborn screening. Several [...]

Published
2009

18. Health risk reduction programs in employer-sponsored health plans: part 1 - efficacy

Author

Rothstein, Mark A. and Harrell, Heather L.

Subjects
Health risk assessment -- Usage, Health risk assessment -- Research, Occupational diseases -- Prevention, Occupational diseases -- Economic aspects, Occupational diseases -- Research, Employee benefits -- Research, Health promotion -- Influence, Health promotion -- Research, Employee benefits, Environmental issues, Health
Published
2009

19. HPV vaccines, privacy, and public health.

Author

Harrell, Heather

Subjects
Privacy, Right of -- Laws, regulations and rules, Cancer -- Prevention, Government regulation
Abstract

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine burst onto the market and the legislative scene nearly simultaneously. (1) Marketed as an amazing medical breakthrough, the vaccine GARDASIL prevents infection with four strains [...]

Published
2009

27. Course Offerings in the Fourth Year of Medical School

Author

Elnicki, D. Michael, primary, Gallagher, Susan, additional, Willett, Laura, additional, Kane, Gregory, additional, Muntz, Martin, additional, Henry, Daniel, additional, Cannarozzi, Maria, additional, Stewart, Emily, additional, Harrell, Heather, additional, Aiyer, Meenakshy, additional, Salvit, Cori, additional, Chudgar, Saumil, additional, and Vu, Robert, additional

Published
2015
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28. Resident as Teacher Curriculum

Author

Harrell, Heather, primary, Wipf, Joyce, additional, Aronowitz, Paul, additional, Rencic, Joseph, additional, Smith, David Gary, additional, Hingle, Susan, additional, Bordley, Donald, additional, Mendez, Paul, additional, Green, Eric, additional, Friedman, Erica, additional, Loftus, Tayloe, additional, Simons, Richard, additional, Stark, Rachel, additional, Diaz, Yvonne, additional, and Hershman, Warren, additional

Published
2015
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30. Content and timing of feedback and reflection: a multi-center qualitative study of experienced bedside teachers

Author

Gonzalo, Jed D, primary, Heist, Brian S, additional, Duffy, Briar L, additional, Dyrbye, Liselotte, additional, Fagan, Mark J, additional, Ferenchick, Gary, additional, Harrell, Heather, additional, Hemmer, Paul A, additional, Kernan, Walter N, additional, Kogan, Jennifer R, additional, Rafferty, Colleen, additional, Wong, Raymond, additional, and Elnicki, Michael D, additional

Published
2014
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31. Identifying and Overcoming the Barriers to Bedside Rounds

Author

Gonzalo, Jed D., primary, Heist, Brian S., additional, Duffy, Briar L., additional, Dyrbye, Liselotte, additional, Fagan, Mark J., additional, Ferenchick, Gary, additional, Harrell, Heather, additional, Hemmer, Paul A., additional, Kernan, Walter N., additional, Kogan, Jennifer R., additional, Rafferty, Colleen, additional, Wong, Raymond, additional, and Elnicki, D. Michael, additional

Published
2014
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33. The Value of Bedside Rounds: A Multicenter Qualitative Study

Author

Gonzalo, Jed D., primary, Heist, Brian S., additional, Duffy, Briar L., additional, Dyrbye, Liselotte, additional, Fagan, Mark J., additional, Ferenchick, Gary S., additional, Harrell, Heather, additional, Hemmer, Paul A., additional, Kernan, Walter N., additional, Kogan, Jennifer R., additional, Rafferty, Colleen, additional, Wong, Raymond, additional, and Elnicki, D. Michael, additional

Published
2013
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35. The Art of Bedside Rounds: A Multi-Center Qualitative Study of Strategies Used by Experienced Bedside Teachers

Author

Gonzalo, Jed D., primary, Heist, Brian S., additional, Duffy, Briar L., additional, Dyrbye, Liselotte, additional, Fagan, Mark J., additional, Ferenchick, Gary, additional, Harrell, Heather, additional, Hemmer, Paul A., additional, Kernan, Walter N., additional, Kogan, Jennifer R., additional, Rafferty, Colleen, additional, Wong, Raymond, additional, and Elnicki, D. Michael, additional

Published
2012
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36. The Prevalence and Nature of Postinterview Communications Between Residency Programs and Applicants During the Match

Author

Jena, Anupam B., primary, Arora, Vineet M., additional, Hauer, Karen E., additional, Durning, Steven, additional, Borges, Nicole, additional, Oriol, Nancy, additional, Elnicki, D. Michael, additional, Fagan, Mark J., additional, Harrell, Heather E., additional, Torre, Dario, additional, Prochaska, Meryl, additional, Meltzer, David O., additional, and Reddy, Shalini, additional

Published
2012
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37. Postinterview Communication Between Military Residency Applicants and Training Programs

Author

Ratcliffe, Temple A., primary, Durning, Steven J., additional, Jena, Anupam B., additional, Grau, Thomas, additional, Artino, Anthony R., additional, Arora, Vineet M., additional, Hauer, Karen E., additional, Borges, Nicole, additional, Oriol, Nancy, additional, Elnicki, D. Michael, additional, Fagan, Mark J., additional, Harrell, Heather E., additional, Torre, Dario M., additional, Prochaska, Meryl, additional, Meltzer, David O., additional, and Reddy, Shalini, additional

Published
2012
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41. Internal Medicine Clerkship Characteristics Associated With Enhanced Student Examination Performance

Author

Griffith, Charles H., primary, Wilson, John F., additional, Haist, Steve A., additional, Albritton, T Andrew, additional, Bognar, Bryan A., additional, Cohen, Stuart J., additional, Hoesley, Craig J., additional, Fagan, Mark J., additional, Ferenchick, Gary S., additional, Pryor, Othelia W., additional, Friedman, Erica, additional, Harrell, Heather E., additional, Hemmer, Paul A., additional, Houghton, Bruce L., additional, Kovach, Regina, additional, Lambert, David R., additional, Loftus, Tayloe H., additional, Painter, Thomas D., additional, Udden, Mark M., additional, Watkins, Raquel S., additional, and Wong, Raymond Y., additional

Published
2009
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45. How we developed and piloted an electronic key features examination for the internal medicine clerkship based on a US national curriculum.

Author

Bronander, Kirk A., Lang, Valerie J., Nixon, L. James, Harrell, Heather E., Kovach, Regina, Hingle, Susan, and Berman, Norman

Subjects
INTERNAL medicine education, TEST design, PROFESSIONAL education, ADULTS, CURRICULUM, EXPERIMENTAL design, INTERNAL medicine, INTERNET, INTERNSHIP programs, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL students, STUDY & teaching of medicine, QUESTIONNAIRES, STUDENT attitudes, RATING of students, DECISION making in clinical medicine, PILOT projects, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

Background: Key features examinations (KFEs) have been used to assess clinical decision making in medical education, yet there are no reports of an online KFE-based on a national curriculum for the internal medicine clerkship. What we did: The authors developed and pilot tested an electronic KFE based on the US Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine core curriculum. Teams, with expert oversight and peer review, developed key features (KFs) and cases. Evaluation: The exam was pilot tested at eight medical schools with 162 third and fourth year medical students, of whom 96 (59.3%) responded to a survey. While most students reported that the exam was more difficult than a multiple choice question exam, 61 (83.3%) students agreed that it reflected problems seen in clinical practice and 51 (69.9%) students reported that it more accurately assessed the ability to make clinical decisions. Conclusions: The development of an electronic KFs exam is a time-intensive process. A team approach offers built-in peer review and accountability. Students, although not familiar with this format in the US, recognized it as authentically assessing clinical decision-making for problems commonly seen in the clerkship. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2015
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46. Do Attending Physicians, Nurses, Residents, and Medical Students Agree on What Constitutes Medical Student Abuse?

Author

Ogden, Paul E., primary, Wu, Edward H., additional, Elnicki, Michael D., additional, Battistone, Michael J., additional, Cleary, Lynn M., additional, Fagan, Mark J., additional, Friedman, Erica, additional, Gliatto, Peter M., additional, Harrell, Heather E., additional, Jennings, May S., additional, Ledford, Cynthia H., additional, Mechaber, Alex J., additional, Mintz, Matthew, additional, O???Brien, Kevin, additional, Thomas, Matthew R., additional, and Wong, Raymond Y., additional

Published
2005
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47. Patient-Centered Learning Environments at Nine Medical Schools.

Author

Haidet, Paul, Kelly, P. Adam, Bentley, Susan, Blatt, Benjamin, Chou, Calvin L., Fortin VI, Auguste H., Gordon, Geoffrey, Gracey, Catherine, Harrell, Heather, Hatem, David S., Helmer, Drew, Paterniti, Debora A., Wagner, Dianne, and Inui, Thomas S.

Subjects
EDUCATION research, PSYCHOLOGY of learning, CURRICULUM planning, CURRICULUM, INSTRUCTIONAL systems design, EDUCATIONAL planning, MEDICAL schools, ACADEMIC medical centers
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Learning environments overtly or implicitly address patient-centered values and have been the focus of research for more than 40 years, often in studies about the ‘hidden curriculum.’ However, many of these studies occurred at single medical schools and used time-intensive ethnographic methods. This field of inquiry lacks survey methods and information about how learning environments differ across medical schools. OBJECTIVE: To examine patient-centered characteristics of learning environments at 9 U.S. medical schools. DESIGN: Cross-sectional internet-based survey. PARTICIPANTS: Eight-hundred and twenty-three third- and fourth-year medical students in the classes of 2002 and 2003. MEASUREMENTS: We measured the patient-centeredness of learning environments with the Communication, Curriculum, and Culture (C³) Instrument, a 29-item validated measure that characterizes the degree to which a medical school's environment fosters patient-centered care. The C³ Instrument contains 3 content areas (role modeling, students' experiences, and support for students' patient-centered behaviors), and is designed to measure these areas independent of respondents' attitudes about patient-centered care. We also collected demographic and attitudinal information from respondents. RESULTS: The variability of C³ scores across schools in each of the 3 content areas of the instrument was striking and statistically significant (P values ranged from .001 to .004). In addition, the patterns of scores on the 3 content areas differed from school to school. CONCLUSIONS: The 9 schools demonstrated unique and different learning environments both in terms of magnitude and patterns of characteristics. Further multiinstitutional study of hidden curricula is needed to further establish the degree of variability that exists, and to assist educators in making informed choices about how to intervene at their own schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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48. Postinterview Communication Between Military Residency Applicants and Training Programs.

Author

Ratcfiffe, Temple A., Duming, Steven J., Jena, Anupam B., Grau, Thomas, Artino Jr., Anthony R., Arora, Vineet M., Hauer, Karen E., Borges, Nicole, Oriol, Nancy, Elnicki, D. Michael, Fagan, Mark J., Harrell, Heather E., Torre, Dario M., Prochaska, Meryl, Meltzer, David O., and Reddy, Shalini

Subjects
*MEDICAL schools, *MEDICAL students, *MILITARY medicine, *MEDICAL education
Abstract

Purpose: Each year military medical students participate in a separate, military match culminating with the Joint Services Graduate Medical Education Selection Board (JSGMESB). Prior studies have explored postinterview communication that occurs during the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), but not during the JSGMESB. We examined the frequency and nature of communication during the JSGMESB and compared it with the NRMP. Methods: Cross-sectional survey study of senior students conducted at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and seven civilian U.S. medical schools during March to May 2010. Respondents answered questions regarding commu- nication with residency programs during the match. Results: Significantly fewer USU respondents communicated with programs compared with the civilian cohort (54.1% vs. 86.4%, p < 0.01). Specific inquiries regarding rank order were more commonly experienced by USU respondents compared with civilians (17.5% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.02). USU respondents found postinterview communication both helpful (41.3%) and stressful (41.3%). 11.1% of USU respondents indicated that they moved a program higher on their final rank lists because of further communication with these programs. Conclusions: Postinterview communication during the JSGMESB process is less common and less stressful than that reported in the NRMP. USU respondents are more likely to be asked directly about their rank list and occasionally do change their lists. Uniform guidance mirroring the NRMP's dealing with direct inquiries about rank lists could potentially improve the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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