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Primary fungal epiglotitis is the isolated fungal infection of the epiglottis, without affecting the other body parts such as the larynx, lungs, pharynx, and oral cavity. It is an extremely rare clinical entity. Very few cases could be found in world literature. Pain throat and/or odynophagia are common clinical presentations. It can be secondary to inhaled steroid therapy which is usually mild.: In this article, we introduced a rare case of fungal epiglotitis in a 66 years old immunocompetent male presented with odynophagia without any other symptom or sign. In endoscopic laryngoscopy, using a 70 scope, a white lesion on swollen epiglottis was seen and rest of larynx was normal. No cervical lymphadenopathy was seen. Laryngeal area was tender on deep palpation. Patient was put on antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents. There was no response even after 24 hers of starting treatment. Patient was put on empirically oral antifungal treatment and he improved in 6-8 hrs. Diagnosis of fungal epiglotitis was clinical, based on patient’s history, signs and sypmtoms. Signs included the inflammatory changes of the epiglotis and candida whitish discoloration of it. There was rapid and obvious improvement in condition of the patient, once started on oral antifungal treatment.

Tympanoplasty performed using 270 degree subannular flap has shown better success rates. This technique is quite useful for large subtotal tympanic membrane perforations. This case report has successfully demonstrated the feasibility of performing this difficult surgical technique endoscopically and thus avoiding a post auricular scar and reducing morbidity to the patient.

Endocrine disorders are on the rise world over. Diseases of thyroid gland are among the most prevalent endocrine disorders in the world, second only to diabetes mellitus. In India, autoimmune thyroid disorders have been estimated to be the most frequent endocrine disorders. Thyroid diseases are more prevalent in the sub Himalayan region even in post iodination phase.To assess the prevalence of auto immune thyroid disease and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with thyroid disorders in Himalayan region.Study population comprised of patients above 18 years of age, who were advised thyroid function tests by the clinicians on an outpatient basis. Patients who were critically ill were excluded from the study. Thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH) along with anti thyroperoxidase antibody (ATA) was done by chemiluminescence and vitamin B12 levels were done by chemiluminiscent enzyme immunoassay after serum separation of 120 subjects. ATA level >50uIU/ml was taken as positive and Vitamin B12 deficiency was taken as a value less than 160 pg/ml. Mean age of study population was 42.48 (± 12.32) years. Forty hypothyroid and forty hyperthyroid and 40 controls were recruited. ATA positivity was reported in 52.5% (63/120) of the samples. In the present study more than 50% of cases with thyroid disorder and ATA positivity showed deficiency of vitamin B12 (hypothyroidism 63.3% hyperthyroidism, 51.8%).All patients with thyroid dysfunction should be screened for vitamin B12 status and treated accordingly.

Parotid infection/abscess leading to facial nerve palsy is a rare presentation. Normally, malignant parotid masses are associated with facial nerve palsy. We present a case of parotitis which was complicated by facial nerve dysfunction and recovered well with conservative treatment.

Haemangioma is a benign vascular soft tissue tumor which is compressible and nonpulsatile mass it may be non-blanching at times (as in the present case). Such benign vascular lesions frequently occur in the head and neck, approximately 80% are found in these areas. But they are very rare to be found on pinna. In our case, it was excised surgically on histolopathological examination only the diagnosis was made.

The typical ceramic method was used to synthesize the composition of M-type hexagonal ferrite Ba0.5Sr0.5CoxLaxFe12-2xO19 by substituting Co2+ and La3+-doping ions (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 with steps of x = 0.2). The phase-related information of composition was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microwave absorption of composed material was examined related to doping, thickness, and frequency from (8.2–12.4) GHz by using standard testing instrument. Mechanisms of impedance matching along with quarter wavelength matching have been used for calculation of microwave absorption of composed material. Enhanced microwave absorption of 97% was obtained with x = 0.2 at frequency of 10.75 GHz and thickness 1.9 mm. Also, absorption bandwidth of 0.07 GHz (− 10 dB ≤ RL ≤ − 20 dB) and 0.2 GHz (RL ≥ − 20 dB) was observed.

Tuberculosis of the parotid gland is uncommon in ENT practice. If not associated with sinus/abscess formation, it becomes difficult to differentiate it from neoplasm of the gland. In cases where it involves only the gland (Primary Tuberculosis), then the diagnosis mainly depends on high index of suspicion of the treating physician. Radiological support, FNAC or HPE are the other helping modes to arrive on a diagnosis. FNAC is a simple process with less morbidity for the patient. We treated a patient successfully with medical treatment after FNAC. Keywords: Parotid gland, Tuberculosis, FNAC.

An experimental study of microstrip patch antenna designed and fabricated on FR4 epoxy substrate is presented. Further a performance comparison of designed antenna is made with proposed design using Gallium doped Ba-Sr hexagonal ferrite substrate. Microstrip feed line is used for inputting the signal to antenna. The whole simulation is done on HFSS simulator (version 13.0).The center frequency for proposed antenna is 10GHz and is optimized for significant performance parameters viz return loss, bandwidth, VSWR and gain. It was observed that the designed antenna provides better results with ferrite substrate as compared to FR4 epoxy substrate showing -10db broad bandwidth of 4.2GHz in the frequency region 8.2GHz to 12.4GHz. Although, the results of other parameters like return loss, VSWR and gain are found to be optimum with FR4 substrate as compared to mentioned ferrite substrate. The prototype of proposed antenna with FR4 epoxy substrate is fabricated and tested to attain the experimental results. The measured results are found to be better than simulated results. Thus the proposed antenna structure can be considered suitable for microwave communication application in X-band.

This paper analyzes and compares the performance of a proposed cross-shaped fractal antenna design with two different substrate materials FR4 epoxy and lanthanum doped Ba-Sr hexagonal ferrite in X-band, where the lanthanum doped Ba-Sr hexagonal ferrite substrate is synthesized based on solid-state reaction method. The proposed antenna design is simulated using HFSS (High frequency structure simulator) version 15. The antenna is intended to work at 10 GHz frequency and involves four iterations. The antenna design is optimized for significant performance parameters viz. return loss, bandwidth, and gain. It provides better results with ferrite substrate as compared to FR4 epoxy substrate and provides − 10 dB broad bandwidth in three frequency regions 6.2969-6.4 GHz, 7.8702-9.44 GHz, and 9.68-9.7746 GHz. The prototype of proposed antenna with FR4 epoxy substrate is fabricated and tested to attain experimental results. The measured results are in good liaison with simulated results. This antenna structure can be considered suitable for RADAR, satellite, microwave communication, and weather forecasting applications in X-Band.

Synthesization of M-type hexaferrite with composition Ba0.5Sr0.5CoxGaxFe12-2xO19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) has been performed at temperature 1100 °C for 15 h by adopting conventional ceramic method. For analyzing the structure of synthesized material, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method has been used. Besides that its properties are observed by using different characterization techniques like VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra and VNA (Vector network analyzer), SEM (scanning Electron Microscopy), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Microwave absorption property has been investigated using quarter wavelength and impedance matching mechanism in the X-Band range (8.2–12.4 GHz). From the results obtained, it was being observed that microwave absorption was best at doping concentration x = 0.4 i.e. −33.36 dB reflection loss at thickness 2.0 mm and frequency 9.62 GHz. The synthesized samples can be used for different possible applications in X-Band as narrowband & broadband absorbers and EMI shielding devices. The main applications are Electromagnetic Compatibility, microwave filters, network switches, Radar cross-section reduction (RCS) in the military, electronic enclosures and antenna applications.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the infection of global health concern. The management of TB is a 6-month course of anti-TB drugs. Compliance is crucial for curing TB. Adverse effects often affect the compliance negatively. One of the adverse effects affecting TB treatment outcome is anti-TB drug induced hepatotoxicity (DIH). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of anti-TB DIH and its associated factors among newly diagnosed TB patients.Methods: A single centre prospective study was conducted from January-December 2020. All patients who were newly-diagnosed for TB, started anti-TB medication and diagnosed with drug-induced liver injury during anti-tubercular treatment included in the study.Results: Total of four hundred and ninety-two (492) TB patients taking anti-TB drugs were involved in this study with male predominance and maximum in the age group of 30-45 years. Smear-positive pulmonary TB accounted for 66.9% of all cases. During the study period, 9.3% TB patients developed anti-TB DIH. Among the cases of anti-TB DIH, female patients account for 52%. Patients with extra-pulmonary TB (n=23), low BMI (n=16), alcohol consumption (n=21) had developed anti-TB DIH. The time interval from the initiation of treatment to the onset of hepatotoxicity was 16-45 days.Conclusion: The chances of hepatotoxicity among TB patients taking anti-TB drugs are always there. Thus, it is necessary to monitor liver function in patients receiving anti-TB drugs routinely.

A prospective study on 50 cases of chronic dacryocystitis was done to see outcome of management by endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in Indian population and to look for its advantages or disadvantages over external-DCR. Effect of mitomycin-C was also evaluated in endoscopic DCR cases. Dacryocystitis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination by doing regurgitation test and lacrimal syringing. These patients were divided into two groups: group I consisted of those 25 subjects who were planned for endonasal endoscopic DCR and group II of those 25 subjects who underwent external-DCR in ophthalmology department. Of all the cases, maximum number of cases was in the age group of 21 to 35 years, 27 (54%) cases, 88% were females and 12% were males. External-DCR required a relatively longer surgical duration of an average 65 minutes as compared to 35 minutes for endonasal DCR. Average hospital stay for patient in group I was 3 days and it was 7 days in group II. There were minimal intraoperative complications in endoscopic procedure as compared to external-DCR group. Average follow-up was 6 months. Primary success rate was 96% in both the groups. Thus, it was concluded that both the procedures represent good alternatives for the treatment of primary nasolacrimal sac or duct obstruction or chronic dacryocystitis, endoscopic DCR having advantage of less complications and less traumatic. Mitomycin-C was found to be helpful in reducing fibrosis. How to cite this article Singh H, Mohindroo NK. Comparative Study of Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy and External Dacryocystorhinostomy. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):1-4.

Cervical neuroblastoma is relatively uncommon. It present, most often as a firm mass in the lateral neck. Primary neuroblastomas of the neck usually arise in the cervical sympathetic ganglia. They are the sixth most common head and neck extracranial neoplasms. Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy in children under 1 year of age. No known cause of Neuroblastoma has been reported.