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Background Means-based analysis of maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) has traditionally been used as the exercise response indicator to assess the efficacy of endurance (END), high intensity interval (HIIT) and resistance exercise training (RET) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and whole-body health. However, considerable heterogeneity exists in the interindividual variability response to the same or different training modalities.Objectives We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate exercise response rates in the context of VO2max: (1) in each training modality (END, HIIT and RET) versus controls, (2) in END versus either HIIT or RET and (3) exercise response rates as measured by VO2max versus other indicators of positive exercise response in each exercise modality.Methods Three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL) and additional sources were searched. Both individual response rate and population average data were incorporated through continuous data, respectively. Of 3268 identified manuscripts, a total of 29 studies were suitable for qualitative synthesis and a further 22 for quantitative. Stratification based on intervention duration (less than 12 weeks; more than or equal to 12 weeks) was undertaken.Results A total of 62 data points were procured. Both END and HIIT training exhibited differential improvements in VO2max based on intervention duration. VO2max did not adequately differentiate between END and HIIT, irrespective of intervention length. Although none of the other exercise response indicators achieved statistical significance, LT and HRrest demonstrated common trajectories in pooled and separate analyses between modalities. RET data were highly limited. Heterogeneity was ubiquitous across all analyses.Conclusions The potential for LT and HRrest as indicators of exercise response requires further elucidation, in addition to the exploration of interventional and intrinsic sources of heterogeneity.

Abstract Background Outcome measures are crucial to support a treat-to-target approach to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) care, yet their integration into clinical practice remains inconsistent. We developed an Electronic Heath Record-integrated, patient-facing side-car application to display RA outcomes (disease activity, functional status, pain scores), medications, and lab results during clinical visits (“RA PRO Dashboard”). The study aimed to evaluate patient perceptions and attitudes towards the implementation of a novel patient-facing dashboard during clinical visits using a mixed-methods approach. Methods RA patients whose clinicians used the dashboard at least once during their clinical visit were invited to complete a survey regarding its usefulness in care. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with a subset of patients to assess their perceptions of the dashboard. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using deductive and inductive techniques. Emerging themes and subthemes were organized into four domains of the Ecological Model of Health. Results Out of 173 survey respondents, 79% were interested in seeing the dashboard again at a future visit, 71% felt it improved their understanding of their disease, and 65% believed it helped with decision-making about their RA care. Many patients reported that the dashboard helped them discuss their RA symptoms (76%) and medications (72%) with their clinician. Interviews with 29 RA patients revealed 10 key themes: the dashboard was perceived as a valuable visual tool that improved patients’ understanding of RA outcome measures, enhanced their involvement in care, and increased their trust in clinicians and the clinic. Common reported limitations included concerns about reliability of RA outcome questionnaires for some RA patients and inconsistent collection and explanation of these measures by clinicians. Conclusions In both the quantitative and qualitative components of the study, patients reported that the dashboard improved their understanding of their RA, enhanced patient-clinician communication, supported shared decision-making, and increased patient engagement in care. These findings support the use of dashboards or similar data visualization tools in RA care and can be used in future interventions to address challenges in data collection and patient education.

There are still products in the process of issuing halal certificates, even though numerous goods circulating in society promise halalness until 2024. Consequently, comprehensive provisions are required to cover goods and services. This follows the regulations explicitly regulated in Law Number 6 of 2023, Law Number 33 of 2014, and Article 4 of Law Number 8 of 1999 about consumer protection. This writing employs normative juridical legal and field research methods to observe and collect data from real-world societal situations to obtain the necessary facts. The study's findings show that the halal certification program has been effectively implemented in Indonesia's national legal framework, as outlined in Law Number 6 of 2023, Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Guarantee Products, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The government's efforts to enhance the halal certification program are demonstrated by the self-declare program and halal certification assistance in socialization and data collection for halal certification registration, facilitating business actors to obtain halal certificates that enhance consumer comfort.

Empty and partially filled grain (EPFG) from rice milling factories is usually discarded to landfill. Converting EPFG to valuable products could increase the waste value, improve Malaysia’s rice milling waste management, and prevent environmental problems. Utilising the existing and accessible technology in rice mills factories, the optimal waste management practices involving EPFG were investigated. The options were option 1 as biochar, option 2 as compost, and option 3 as bioethanol. Data was obtained from a previous study based on the current Malaysian scenario. A methodology integrating MFA and LCA was applied to observe the environmental performance of these options, which was performed using STAN2 and SimaPro 9.0 software. The best environmental performance was found for the conversion of EPFG to compost (option 2) since less input was used and fewer emissions were released. A total of 3,550 kg CO2 eq. per ton of EPFG used was obtained while avoiding fertiliser products. Therefore, converting EPFG to compost as an easily applied technology can be suggested to rice mill factories to improve their waste management. When deployed in agricultural waste management systems, the integration MFA-LCA model could be referred to as a useful source when implementing policies and industrial uptake.

The role and significance of Mathematics in human life is very important and holds a special place in development of contemporary society. Creativity in Mathematics teaching largely depends on Mathematics teacher. Teacher is the one who creates emotional environment in the classroom and it is expected from him/her to create with the students a relationship of trust and mutual responsibility for the success of conducting the teaching process. Students need to be interested and activated to individually solve tasks and find solutions to set Mathematical problems, to solve tasks in different ways using various methods, so that everybody can find a way of coming to a solution. This is easy to say. In any case, creativity as a competence holds a significant place in the set of key life competencies. Only teachers can answer questions whether Mathematics classes are creative, interesting, or acceptable for students. This paper will contain certain theoretical viewpoints about creativity in general, creative Mathematics teaching, relation towards creativity at school and outside. Research has shown that examinees (teachers of class and subject teaching in elementary and secondary schools) believe that they did not receive a good background during their university studies for strengthening teaching creativity. It transpired that creativity, as opposed to student and teacher, is appreciated less at the school and education system levels. Teachers (of all levels) have shown high level of agreement regarding the need for turnover in relation to creativity in Mathematics teaching, which would guarantee increase of interest of students for Mathematics.

This study aims to find out how efforts to instill character values are conducted by Persik Kediri cyberxtreme football supporters through the web and social media. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type of research. Data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The character values instilled in supporters’ activities are religious, integrity, nationalist, cooperation, and independence with clarity in their activities conducted during matches as well as activities outside the match or not related to football. Activities conducted include social service, breaking fast together, distributing takjil, making pictures or writing with calligraphy, making t-shirts and merchandise to sell. Cultivating character through various activities and using social media has been quite successful in changing supporter behavior in a more positive direction. Social media is a means for conveying information and discussions between members and administrators

Creating an environment for more efficient university education is closely related to effective planning, conducting and continuous improvement of realization of professional orientation program for students in elementary and secondary schools. The lack of personal vision of professional development for students in elementary and secondary schools, even several months before applying at university is defeating for the inputs in the process of higher education. The aim of this research was to evaluate the opinion of examinees – secondary school graduates (comprehensive schools, technical schools and those affine) – on issues regarding their intentions and decisions about continuing education, and to determine how these decisions were made. The analysis of gathered data revealed that the continuing of their education is not in sufficient accordance with their choice of secondary school. The results showed that the choice of current school and professional orientation program for students in elementary and secondary schools is not in accordance with their decision-making regarding continuing education at the university.

We are witnessing the emergence of private universities “like mushrooms after rain”. It is more than clear that they are not well met by state universities. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a very fertile ground for setting this palette of problems in the educational focus of interest of the public, because there are no competent ministries of education at the state level. There isframework lawon the state level but nothing exists anywhere along the vertical axis. This produced distortion of the quality and reputation of higher education. In this paper a survey among teachers and students of private and stateuniversitywas conducted and has shownthat there are differencesin opinionsof respondentsin some respectsregarding the quality of work. The solution would be replacing the stereotypical opinions about the differences between private and public universities and entirely rotating them toward a new, living approach to ensuring quality of education.

The progression of prosthetic technology, enabling precise thumb control and movement, has reached a stage where noninvasive techniques for capturing bioelectrical signals from muscle activity are preferred over alternative methods. While electromyography's applications extend beyond just interfacing with prostheses, this initial investigation delves into evaluating various classifiers' accuracy in identifying rest and contraction states of the thumb muscles using extrinsic forearm readings. Employing a High-Density Surface Electromyogram (HD-sEMG) device, bioelectrical signals generated by muscle activity, detectable from the skin's surface, were transformed into contours. A training system for the thumb induced muscle activity in four postures: 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. The collection of HD-sEMG signals originating from both the anterior and posterior forearms of seventeen participants has been proficiently classified using a neural network with 100% accuracy and a mean square error (MSE) of 1.4923 x 10-5 based on the testing dataset. This accomplishment in classification was realized by employing the Bayesian regularization backpropagation (trainbr) training technique, integrating seven concealed layers, and adopting a training-validation-testing proportion of 70-15-15. In the realm of future research, an avenue worth exploring involves the potential integration of real-time feedback mechanisms predicated on the recognition of thumb muscle contraction states. This integration could offer an enhanced interaction experience between users and prosthetic devices. ABSTRAK: Perkembangan teknologi prostetik mengguna pakai kaedah selamat iaitu isyarat bioelektrikal yang diperoleh dari pergerakan otot lebih digemari digunakan berbanding kaedah alternatif. Ini membolehkan kawalan dan pergerakan ibu jari dengan tepat. Sementara aplikasi elektromiografi telah melangkah jauh melebihi antara muka prostesis. Kajian awal ini mengkaji pelbagai ketepatan klasifikasi dalam mengenal pasti keadaan rehat dan kontraksi otot ibu jari menggunakan bacaan lengan bawah ekstrinsik. Dengan menggunakan peranti Elektromiogram Permukaan Kepadatan-Tinggi (HD-sEMG), isyarat bioelektrikal yang terhasil dari pergerakan otot, boleh ditanggalkan dari permukaan kulit, di ubah kepada kontur. Sistem latihan pada ibu jari menghasilkan pergerakan otot dalam empat postur iaitu: 0°, 30°, 60°, dan 90°. Isyarat terkumpul dari HD-sEMG berasal dari kedua-dua lengan tangan anterior dan posterior dari 17 peserta telah diklasifikasi dengan cekap menggunakan rangkaian neural dengan ketepatan 100% dan min kuasa dua ralat (MSE) sebanyak 1.4923 x 10-5 berdasarkan setdata yang diuji. Klasifikasi sempurna ini dicapai dengan menggunakan teknik latihan aturan rambatan-belakang Bayesian (trainbr), mengguna pakai tujuh lapisan tersembunyi dengan gabungan latihan-validasi-ujian mengikut kadar 70-15-15. Pada masa hadapan, pengkaji boleh menerokai potensi integrasi mekanisme tindak balas nyata dalam meramal dan mengenali kontraksi otot ibu jari. Integrasi ini mungkin membolehkan pengalaman interaksi antara peranti prostetik dan pengguna.

Background and aimsEndovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the current standard of care for large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, up to two-thirds of EVT patients have poor functional outcomes despite successful reperfusion. Many radiological markers have been studied as predictive biomarkers for patient outcomes in AIS. This study seeks to determine which clinico-radiological factors are associated with outcomes of interest to aid selection of patients for EVT for LVO AIS.MethodsA retrospective study of patients who underwent EVT from 2016 to 2020 was performed. Data on various radiological variables, such as anatomical parameters, clot characteristics, collateral status, and infarct size, were collected alongside traditional demographic and clinical variables. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed for the primary outcomes of functional independence at 3 months post-stroke (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) and secondary outcomes of in-hospital mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 325 consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO AIS (54.5% male) with a median age of 68 years (interquartile range 57–76). The median NIHSS was 19. Age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Alberta mCTA score, ASPECTS, clot length, thrombus HU and mTICI score and the angle between ICA and CCA were associated with functional outcomes at 3 months on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, age, Alberta mCTA collaterals and NIHSS were significantly associated with functional outcomes, while ASPECTS approached significance.ConclusionAmong the many proposed radiological markers for patients in the hyperacute setting undergoing EVT, the existing well-validated clinico-radiological measures remain strongly associated with functional status.

Recently, the promotion of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education has become the highlight due to the shortage in the STEM workforce. Surprisingly, the enrolment rates in STEM degrees are still low in many countries. Social media has been identified as one of the main platforms that can help to increase prospective students' interest in STEM and also Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) subjects. However, very little research has been done for the higher education institutions in Malaysia in leveraging social media and social media analytics effectively to increase the students' interests and awareness of STEM and TVET disciplines. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a framework to increase prospective students' interest in STEM and TVET using social media and big data analytics. The objectives of this study are to explore various social media applications in education and study these applications towards increasing students' interests and propose a suitable framework for Malaysian higher education institutions. The framework is proposed by following the theory synthesis methodology. Four main components of the framework have been proposed, namely social media, role model or mentoring, massive open online courses and big data analytics. Each component is significant and requires a considerable amount of time to develop. The suggested framework is anticipated to benefit higher education institutions with a significant gain of the number of students, revenues and positive reputations.

We report the first record of Gymnothorax longinquus (Whitley, 1948), Long Moray, (Anguilliformes, Muraenidae), from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A single specimen was collected during a bottom-trawl survey in the exclusive economic zone off Malaysia in the South China Sea. Gymnothorax longinquus was previously recorded from populations in Australia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam. We present detailed morphometric and meristic data, along with brief diagnostic characters.

Abstract This study explores utilizing pineapple peel (PP) hydrolysate as a promising carbon source for xylitol production, covering scopes from the pre-treatment to the fermentation process. The highest xylose concentration achieved was around 20 g/L via mild acid hydrolysis (5% nitric acid, 105 °C, 20-min residence time) with a solid loading of 10%. Two sets fermentability experiments were carried out of varying pH levels in synthetic media that includes acetic acid as the main inhibitors and hydrolysate supplemented with diverse nitrogen source. The results revealed that pH 7 exhibited the highest xylitol production, yielding 0.35 g/g. Furthermore, urea was found to be a highly promising and cost-effective substitute for yeast extract, as it yielded a comparable xylitol production of 0.31 g/g with marginal difference of only 0.01 g/g compared to yeast extract further highlights the viability of urea as the preferred option for reducing xylitol production cost. The absence of a significant difference between the synthetic media and hydrolysate, with only a marginal variance of 0.35 to 0.32 g/g, implies that acetic acid is indeed the primary constraint in xylitol production using PP hydrolysate. The study sheds light on PP biomass's potential for xylitol production, aligning economic benefits with environmental sustainability and waste management.

Internet of Drones (IoD) has been deployed in numerous military and civilian domains to offer services such as target surveillance, traffic monitoring, disaster handling and environmental monitoring. However, message exchanges among the drones and ground station servers are via insecure wireless channels. In addition, drones may be deployed in hostile and unattended locations. This renders the IoD susceptible to numerous privacy and security threats such as drone capture and cloning. Therefore, many security solutions have been developed based on techniques such as blockchain and public key infrastructure. However, majority of these schemes are still susceptible to many attacks while some of them are inefficient for the resource-limited IoD devices. In this paper, a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) challenge-response and biometric based robust authentication protocol is presented. Its formal security is carried out using the Real or Random (RoR) model, which demonstrates the robustness of the negotiated session key. In addition, its semantic analysis shows that it can withstand typical IoD attacks such as impersonation, replay, de-synchronization and spoofing. In terms of performance, it is shown to incur lower computation, energy and communication costs.