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The purpose of this research is to compare the flow and heat transfer properties of water within a straight circular pipe with circular protruded twisted-tape inserts to those inserted by traditional twisted tapes. The investigation was conducted for a laminar flow in a three-dimensional constant heat flux-wall tube. The effects of circular protruded twisted-tape geometries were studied using a twist ratio of y/w = 3. The maximal thermal enhancement factor (TEF) is approximately 1.5 times greater than that provided by traditional twisted tape. Nusselt number and friction factor versus Reynolds number simulation findings for CPTT tube is 15–24% and 12 to 22% higher, respectively, than for PTT tube. The use of the inserts further increased the pressure drop along the pipe. For CPTT tube, an empirical correlation was developed to match numerical data with an 11% variance in the Nusselt number and an 8.5% variation in the friction factor. At lower Reynolds numbers, using a twisted tube combined with a protrusion is viable in terms of energy savings. The current study may optimize energy usage by designing a compact heat exchanger.

Abstract In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a statistical model based on Internet of Things (IoT) for water quality analysis of river Krishna using different water quality parameters such as pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and conductivity. These parameters are very important to assess the water quality of the river. The water quality data were collected from six stations of river Krishna in the state of Karnataka. River Krishna is the fourth largest river in India with approximately 1400 km of length and flows from its origin toward Bay of Bengal. In our study, we have considered only stretch of river Krishna flowing in state of Karnataka, i.e., length of about 483 km. In recent years, the mineral-rich river basin is subjected to rapid industrialization, thus polluting the river basin. The river water is bound to get polluted from various pollutants such as the urban waste water, agricultural waste and industrial waste, thus making it unusable for anthropogenic activities. The traditional manual technique that is under use is a very slow process. It requires staff to collect the water samples from the site and take them to the laboratory and then perform the analysis on various water parameters which is costly and time-consuming process. The timely information about water quality is thus unavailable to the people in the river basin area. This creates a perfect opportunity for swift real-time water quality check through analysis of water samples collected from the river Krishna. IoT is one of the ways with which real-time monitoring of water quality of river Krishna can be done in quick time. In this paper, we have emphasized on IoT-based water quality monitoring by applying the statistical analysis for the data collected from the river Krishna. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-way ANOVA were applied for the data collected, and found that one-way ANOVA was more effective in carrying out water quality analysis. The hypotheses that are drawn using ANOVA were used for water quality analysis. Further, these analyses can be used to train the IoT system so that it can take the decision whenever there is abnormal change in the reading of any of the water quality parameters.

Outdoor, hands-on and experiential learning, as opposed to instruction-based learning in classroom, increases student satisfaction and motivation leading to a deeper understanding of the subject. However, the use of outdoor exercises in undergraduate biology courses is declining due to a variety of constraints. Thus, the goal of this paper is to describe a convenient, no-cost and flexible exercise using an on-campus botanical tour for strengthening specific knowledge areas of major plant groups. Its assessment on conduct and coverage, and student-perceived and actual knowledge gain is also described. Data presented derived from traditional biology undergraduates in sophomore year over nine fall and three spring semesters. Conduct and coverage was assessed using a summative survey including open-ended questions administered to 198 students. A pre- and post-exercise survey addressing 10 knowledge categories was administered to 139 students to evaluate student-perceived knowledge gain. Quiz grades from the on-campus tour exercise were compared with average quiz grades from two in-class plant-related labs of 234 students to assess actual knowledge gain. Each student reporting on the conduct and coverage indicated either one or a combination of outcomes of the exercise as positive engagement, experiential learning, or of interest. Student-perceived improvement was evident in all ten knowledge categories with a greater improvement in categories learned anew during exercise compared to subjects reviewed. Quiz grades from the exercise were >11% greater than quiz grades from the two in-class plant-related labs. Active learning with interest likely contributed to the increased perceived and actual knowledge gains. Suggestions for adoption of the exercise in different settings are presented based on both student comments and instructor’s experience.

Outdoor, hands-on and experiential learning, as opposed to instruction-based learning in classroom, increases student satisfaction and motivation leading to a deeper understanding of the subject. However, the use of outdoor exercises in undergraduate biology courses is declining due to a variety of constraints. Thus, the goal of this paper is to describe a convenient, no-cost and flexible exercise using an on-campus botanical tour for strengthening specific knowledge areas of major plant groups. Its assessment on conduct and coverage, and student-perceived and actual knowledge gain is also described. Data presented derived from traditional biology undergraduates in sophomore year over nine fall and three spring semesters. Conduct and coverage was assessed using a summative survey including open-ended questions administered to 198 students. A pre- and post-exercise survey addressing 10 knowledge categories was administered to 139 students to evaluate student-perceived knowledge gain. Quiz grades from the on-campus tour exercise were compared with average quiz grades from two in-class plant-related labs of 234 students to assess actual knowledge gain. Each student reporting on the conduct and coverage indicated either one or a combination of outcomes of the exercise as positive engagement, experiential learning, or of interest. Student-perceived improvement was evident in all ten knowledge categories with a greater improvement in categories learned anew during exercise compared to subjects reviewed. Quiz grades from the exercise were >11% greater than quiz grades from the two in-class plant-related labs. Active learning with interest likely contributed to the increased perceived and actual knowledge gains. Suggestions for adoption of the exercise in different settings are presented based on both student comments and instructor's experience.

In recent days, people must deal with stress brought on by the demands of modern living, which constantly presents new obstacles. Stress, a state of mental tension triggered by challenging circumstances, has become a global risk factor impacting individual well-being. Understanding variations in stress resilience is crucial for tailoring treatment strategies. Previous studies have explored stress prediction using measures like electroencephalography (EEG), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and interventions such as Kriya Yoga and mindfulness meditation. The experimentation is done on the data collected from people who practice heartfulness meditation regularly. The research employs machine learning (ML) algorithms alongside physiological parameters such as EEG, BP, HR, and psychological parameters, perceived stress scale (PSS), to precisely classify, measure, and predict stress levels. The investigations are done using K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and kernel-support vector machine (k-SVM). An accuracy of 98.27% accuracy was achieved with the RF algorithm in classifying stressed and non-stressed individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is all about using e-books by scientists in research institutes in India. To identify gender-wise usage of e-books by scientists, to understand the purchase and usage of e-books and e-resources, to observe the way of access and usage to e-books, to understand the frequency of the usage of e-books, to detect the type of problems faced by scientists while accessing e-books and to know the reasons for not attending the training program/orientation on using e-resources. The questionnaire method was used to gather the data. An entire 860 questionnaires were distributed, and 700 filled questionnaires were received, with a response rate of 81.39%. The study results show that the maximum number of respondents are male (59.15%) scientists, and 65.7% of RRI scientists use to purchase and use e-books. A maximum number of scientists access e-books purchased by their research institute. 52.8% of scientists feel that many e-books could be more beneficial for their research. More than 50% of scientists feel they need no training to access e-books. It is very clear from the study that research institute libraries must subscribe to e-books useful to their scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of different feed additives in TMR on in vitro total gas production and methane production. Total mixed ration was prepared by mixing of bajra straw, maize hay and concentrate in the ratio of 30:30:40. Feed additives included in TMR on DM basis were Monensin 30 mg/kg (T1), cellulase (10,00,000 IU/g) 0.5% (T2), xylanase (1,50,000 IU/g) 0.5% (T3), chitosan 1% (T4), sodium bicarbonate 1% (T5), magnesium oxide 1% (T6), combination of sodium bicarbonate + magnesium oxide 0.5% each (T7) and combination of cellulase + xylanase 0.5% each (T8). Rumen liquor was collected from two adult Surti goats each 2 h post-feeding of TMR with above additives. Result revealed that in vitro total gas production (mL/200 mg) was significantly (p<0.01) increased in TMRs supplemented with cellulase (28.39±0.51), xylanase (27.33±0.54) and its combination (32.92±0.62) as well as chitosan (26.82±0.99) as compared to control (22.08±0.56). In vitro methane production (%) was significantly (p<0.01) increased in TMRs supplemented with magnesium oxide (18.15±1.02) and its combination with sodium bicarbonate (17.91±0.15) as compared to control (16.59±0.19). Whereas, in vitro methane production (mL/200 mg & mL/100 mg) was significantly (p<0.05) increased in TMR supplemented with combination of cellulase and xylanase (5.13±0.13 & 2.56±0.06) as compared to control (3.66±0.05 & 1.83±0.02). While, ratios of in vitro methane production to fermentation parameters were significantly (p<0.01) improved in combination of cellulase and xylanase as compared to control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the following study was to examine the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Science classrooms of students with Learning Disabilities. Teachers were positive about the learning benefits and design of the Science curriculum. Students were more critical but still positive about these features. Learning Science has both Cognitive and affective implications for students with LD. From a constructivist perspective, the process of learning is viewed as an active construction of knowledge rather than a passive reception of information. ICT provides cognitively engaging and motivating instructional tools for individualizing the mode of delivery , developing special tutors, using metaphors as instructions, Cross curricular Connections in science, reducing the cognitive load on working memory and motivating the students to stay on the same task.

Students want to discuss each and everything related to the subject as well as the personal matters with their teacher. This shows that they trust their teachers so much than anyone else. So it is the duty of the teacher to teach the subject with more and more concrete examples and connections with the day to day life. They should connect the subject with all disciplines so that rather than opening the new memory location the information will store on the location which was already created on the brain. In the light of the above discussion researcher (authors) decided to carry out a research (article) on Cross Curricular Connections. Cross Curricular Connections to science instruction can result in rich and meaningful experience for students. The article that follows describes Cross-Curricular or interdisciplinary connections and their values to learners. Then, it lists specific considerations a Science teacher, or any other teacher, should consider before setting aside instructional time to make Cross Curricular Connections.

The present study was carried out on semen of six Jaffarabadi buffalo bulls, aged 6-8 years, under twice weekly semen collection schedule. In all 36 semen ejaculates (6/bull) were evaluated for routine physical characteristics including sperm quality and oxidative stress parameters at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages of cryopreservation and fertility using different Sericin concentrations in AndroMed® extender. All bulls donated milky-white semen with identical mean mass motility score, while ejaculate volume and sperm concentration differed significantly among bulls. The values of sperm progressive motility (%), viability (%), abnormality (%), HOST reactivity (%), acrosome integrity (%), lipid peroxidation (MDA µM) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC µM) of pre-freeze (on dilution) and post-thawed semen averaged 84.24 ±0.24 & 53.42±0.32, 82.43±0.26 & 57.38±0.49, 6.14±0.12 & 13.56±0.22, 72.84±0.31 & 45.65±0.48, 81.56±0.35 & 49.73 ±0.52, 7.71±0.04 & 8.35±0.05, and 315.80±5.99 & 292.89±7.40, respectively. The overall first service conception rate achieved was 36.73 (551/1500) %, and it varied from 28.00 to 44.66% between levels of Sericin. Pearson's correlations amongst the pre-freeze as well as post-thawed semen parameters, and of pre-freeze with post-thawed semen parameters including CRs of frozen-thawed semen worked out using bull-wise and additive-wise 30 mean values revealed significant positive associations among sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, HOST reactive sperm, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and first service CR, and all these had negative correlations with abnormal sperm and the lipid peroxidation (MDA) status in both pre-freeze and post-thawed semen. Further, the post-thawed sperm quality and fertility could be predicted well with highly significant positive correlations of pre-freeze sperm quality parameters and TAC in Jaffarabadi buffalo bulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the uniqueness of certain types of differential polynomials generated by two meromorphic functions sharing one value with finite weight. We obtain some results which extend and generalize some recent results due to Rajeshwari S, Husna V, and Nagarjun V. [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of assisted reproduction relies on functional competence of frozen-thawed semen. Heat stress affects protein folding leading to aggregation of mis-folded proteins. Hence, a total of 384 (32 ejaculates/bull/season) ejaculates from six matured Gir bulls were used to evaluate physico-morphological parameters, the expression of HSPs (70 and 90) and fertility of frozen-thawed semen. The mean percent individual motility, viability and membrane integrity were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in winter compared to summer. Out of 1200 Gir cows inseminated, 626 confirmed pregnant and the mean conception rate of winter (55.04 ± 0.35) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than summer (49.33 ± 0.32). A significant (p < 0.01) difference in concentration of HSP70 (ng/mg of protein) but not HSP90was observed between the two seasons. The HSP70 expression in pre-freeze semen of Gir bulls had significant positive correlation with motility (p < 0.01, r = 0.463), viability (p < 0.01, r = 0.565), acrosome integrity (p < 0.05, r = 0.330) and conception rate (p < 0.01, r = 0.431). In conclusion, the season influences physico-morphological parameters and expression of HSP70 but not HSP90 in Gir bull semen. The HSP70 expression is positively correlated with motility, viability, acrosome integrity and fertility of semen. The semen expression of HSP70 may be utilized as biomarker for thermo-tolerance, semen quality and fertilizing capacity of Gir bull semen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1959, the plant community and abiotic environment of three 2.2-ha Chihuahuan Desert plots were studied in Big Bend National Park, Texas. In 2019 and 2020, we continued the study of these plots using the same methods with the goal of evaluating the long-term trends in the perennial plant communities of 3 different habitats within the park. Our study assessed species composition, density, and ground cover, which were compared with the same parameters reported from 1959. At a rocky site in the foothills of the Chisos Mountains, plant density decreased during the 61 years of the study (1959–2020) but remained high compared with the other sites. Many of the perennial plant species persisted, but the relative proportions of some species had changed over time. Another study plot was situated on a gently sloping alluvial fan at Panther Junction. Plant density and ground cover increased substantially on this desert pavement habitat. Much of the increased density can be attributed to grasses, particularly Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), an exotic invasive species likely introduced as a result of human activity surrounding the nearby park headquarters at Panther Junction. A third plot was a level sandy habitat on Tornillo Flat. The density and species composition of the plant community at Tornillo Flat were remarkably stable between the 1959 and 2019 surveys. Factors likely affecting the plant community at the 3 plots include periodic drought, invasive species, fire, climate change, and secondary succession following past overgrazing of livestock that ended with the establishment of the national park in 1944. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]