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Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a major stabilizer of the knee and so it is constantly injured . Purpose of this study was to evaluate concomitant injuries associated with ACL tear with respect to age, sex and duration since injury. This is a Materials and Methods: hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in 70 ACL injured patients of age group 19-50 years. Clinical tests to detect ACL and other soft tissue injuries of knee joint were carried out and positive ndings are further evaluated and conrmed with MRI. 64.29% cases of ACL Results: injury were associated with other concomitant soft tissue injuries. The most common concomitant injury was medial meniscus tear which was associated with 45.71% cases and second commonest was lateral meniscus injury accounting for 37.14% cases. The prevelance of medial meniscus injury increases with increasing duration since trauma and this association was found to be statistically signicant . Concomitant injuries were more frequent in patients who presented late after trauma and in older age groups and these associations were found to be statistically signicant. Conclusion: The high prevalence of concomitant injuries to the ACL found in this study points to the necessity for further investigation of injury to adjacent soft tissues in ACL injured patients so that more appropriate therapeutic practices can be implemented before and after the surgery

Introduction: Indralupta is a type of Kapalagata Roga, it occurs when Pitta along with Vata affecting the hair follicles to become thin and fall, later on, due to vitiation of Kapha and Rakta it blocks the regrowth of hairs. It can be correlated to Alopecia. Alopecia areata is one of its types and it is also known as spot baldness. It may be regarded as immune-mediated hair loss and it is the commonest cause of patchy hair loss. Materials and methods: A 20-year-old female patient approached Shalakya Tantra OPD of SJIIM, Bengaluru complaining of patchy hair loss in the parietal region for 6 months, the subject was systemically reviewed and diagnosed as alopecia areata, were administered with Snehapana, Virechana, internal medication and lepa for 2 months. Result: The subject showed marked improvement in assessment criteria’s as we can see in the photo- graphs taken in the different stages of the treatment. Discussion: Usually Indralupta is treated with more bahya Prayogas like prachanna, here in this study we have concentrated more on the root cause of the disease and treating the underlying cause by Internal medications, thus we got a positive result for the same. Keywords: Alopecia areata, Indralupta, Virechana, Ayurveda.

Cellulitis is a clinical condition which is characterised by reddishness, soreness, localized pain, erythema, swelling and formation of abscess in the leg, pyrexia and an increase in the heartbeat. It is the infection of the sub-cutaneous tissue and dermal layer usually found complicating a wound or ulcer. It is considered an infectious disease as it causes morbidity and mortality. It is also called skin diseases, as the skin is involved and lacks sharp demarcation from uninvolved skin. Cellulitis spreads rapidly and is pyogenic in nature and is frequently associated with lymphangitis and fever. Streptococci (streptococci pyogenes) and staphylococcus aureus are the two species which causes cellulitis. Five types of cellulitis can be classified they are facial cellulitis, periorbital cellulitis, breast cellulitis, perianal cellulitis. Diagnosis of cellulitis is based on morphological features of the lesion and a CT scan is required for determining cellulitis. By the visual inspection, the cellulitis is spotted. The common risk factor for cellulitis is oedema. If the cellulitis patient has Diabetes Mellitus or injury in the skin or any inflammation in the liver, they are considered to be in a dangerous state. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs are prescribed to decrease the clinical features. Clindamycin, Dicloxacillin are antibiotics that are administered to cure cellulitis. This review discusses the general information regarding cellulitis, its clinical indications, pathophysiology, microbiology and its treatment.

Here, we compare the electrochemical oxidation potential of 15 nm diameter citrate-stabilized Au NPs aggregated by acid (low pH) to those aggregated by tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC). For acid-induced aggregation, the solution changes to a blue-violet color, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band of Au NPs at 520 nm decreases along with an increase in absorbance at higher wavelengths (600-800 nm), and the peak oxidation potential (Ep) in anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) obtained in bromide has a positive shift by as large as 200 mV. For THPC-induced aggregation (Au/THPC mole ratio = 62.5), the solution changes to a blue color as the LSPR band at 520 nm decreases and a new distinct peak at 700 nm appears, but the Ep does not exhibit a positive shift. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images reveal that acid-induced aggregates are three-dimensional with strongly fused Au NP-Au NP contacts, while THPC-induced aggregates are linear or two-dimensional with ∼1 nm separation between Au NPs. The surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/V) decreases for acid-aggregated Au NPs due to strong Au NP-Au NP contacts, which leads to lower surface free energy and a higher Ep. The SA/V does not change for THPC-aggregated Au NPs since space remains between them and their SA is fully accessible. These findings show that metal NP oxidative stability, as determined by ASV, is highly sensitive to the details of the aggregate structure.

A disorder with estrogen dependency comprising of inflammatory lesions outside the uterus, causing pain and inflammation in pelvis and affecting women of reproductive age with infertility and post reproductive age is endometriosis. Endometriosis is viewed as public health issue with a major impact on quality of life of women. Medically advanced computational and chemical treatments are available to treat the progression of the disease by diagnostic imaging, clinical examinations, imaging and laparoscopy often leading to immediate surgery. A warrantable rethinking on the diagnosis and management of endometriosis is to be assessed and medical treatments should be considered as first-line option for therapeutic relief for endometriosis by suppressing the systemic estrogen levels providing desirable efficacy and safety, prior to performing endometriosis surgery. The aim of this review is to describe natural products, hormonal and non-hormonal compounds that suppress the progression of endometriosis. Various herbal, conventional and traditional therapies are investigated to treat gynecological disease, endometriosis. The information in this paper include various studies assessing the use of novel treatments in addition to the herbal and hormonal products in the endometriosis therapy. Most of the studies involved were in scrutinizing the pharmacological activity profiles of various sources of drugs in endometriosis treatment, hormonal drugs involved suppression and regulation of various hormones along with various factors like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive, immunomodulatory, and estrogen modulating activity. However, novel drugs and medicinal plants are also reviewed here to draw attention to the molecules of drugs that target at multiple points for rational therapeutic treatment of endometriosis.

Skin is the vital organ of the human system; however, due to its high exposure to the external environment, it was susceptible to various traumatic conditions. During the time of trauma human body played a significant role in the activation of various biological processes for enhancing the wound healing activity in case of damaged tissues. However, in case of skin tissue defects, to enhance the angiogenesis minimal scar formation, several pharmaceutical products were paving their way into the market. Now a days there was a rising worldwide utilization of several bioactive compounds obtained from terpenoids. Terpenoids are 5-carbon compound isoprene with oxygen-containing functional groups were isolated from several plants demonstrates a wide range of activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity. Furthermore, due to their excellent cytoprotective activity, terpenoids based products had played a significant role in wound healing activity. Moreover, in our study, because of their excellent wound healing capability, we reviewed about the few drug molecules such as Tocopherol, Farnesol, Betulin, Retenoic acid, Coenzyme Q10. However, now a day's terpenoids were utilized in several wound-healing formulations because of their excellent anti-inflammatory, re-vascularization and re-epithelization characteristics. Finally, this review focuses on the role of a few drug products obtained from terpenoids as an ideal topical wound healing agent in modern medicine.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder. It generates joint inflammation and synovitis. Which influence more or less 20 % of the population in India. The arthritis symptoms are created step by step. The major symptom of RA is a pain in the joint. The high level of rheumatoid factor ( RF ) in the blood is most often associated with autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis & sjogren's syndrome. The Normal range of RF is from 0-20 IU / ml. The anti-arthritis activity evaluation can be studied by using an animal model. The anti-arthritis activity can be done using pithecellobium dulce leaves. The pithecellobium dulce is also called Manila tamarind. PD leaves are also used as astringent to treat antidiabetic activity. The phytoconstituent is existing in leaves are alkaloids, phenol, afezilin, glycoside, saponin, telephenoid, quericitin, dulcitol and laempferol. The fresh leaves are collected and dried to prepared the extract. The dried leaves were ground by using a blender has fine powder. In pithecellobium dulce leaf extract, various methods of extraction like methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extract used for many activities such as CNS depressant, Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal, Anti-inflammatory and Anti arthritis activity. The ethanol extract of pithecellobium dulce has a significant Anti arthritis activity.

Multiple sclerosis is a popular autoimmune disease attack mainly the Central nervous system. It attacks the age group of people from 20-50, mostly women are attacked than men. During multiple sclerosis, demyelination takes place along with axon damage and paralytic effect. Various symptoms of multiple sclerosis include muscle weakness, weak reflexes, muscle spasm, movement difficulty. Moreover, treatment of multiple sclerosis vai drugs includes various side effects. Medicinal plants possess many phytochemicals of greater therapeutic value and many of the possess effective to treat multiple sclerosis, Chemical constituents exhibit its effect over multiple sclerosis by inhibiting many proteins involved in demyelination. Molecular docking is a computational design approach which facilitates the best molecule from a group which may bind with the highest affinity with the intended target by providing a biological system. This process enables on the basis of the specific algorithm and involves a scoring function in order to rank molecules that fit the target. The study has been made to investigate the potential of phytochemicals from clitoria ternatea -inositol and quercetin as inhibitors of glutamate receptors. Drug likeness property determined based on molinspiration.com. The affinities of those selected chemical constituents over various glutamate receptor were studied for scoring function. Receptors with PDB code 1EQ8,4E0W,3KR2 were chosen to dock against the chemical constituent Inositol richest chemical constituent in Clitoria ternatea and scoring function was found to be -3.45,-4.56, -5.67kcal/mol.