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What has to be stressed is the need to be cautious with such individuals and to broaden our differentials to include P. vivax as a possible cause of severe malaria. Patients who are aggressively handled and treated can have a better outcome.To study the clinical profile and outcome of malaria in adults at Government General Hospital in our local area. A Cross-sectional, observational study done in Department of general medicine in Fifty smear positive malaria patients admitted to the medical wards and intensive care units are included in the study. Study done for a period of 1 Year . Patients of either gender, above 18 years of age and below 60 years of age, diagnosed with malaria on peripheral smear were included in study.: A total number of 50 smear positive malaria patients were included in the study. Majority of the patients belongs to the age group of 18-30 years [36%] CNS findings: Altered Sensorium was seen in 20% patients and convulsions were seen in 20% patients. Complicated malaria was present in 76% patients and uncomplicated malaria was present in 24% patients. Complicated falciparum malaria was present in 30% patients and Complicated Vivax malaria was present in 46% patients. Uncomplicated falciparum malaria was present in 4% patients and Uncomplicated Vivax malaria was present in 20% patients. Mortality was seen in 6% patients. Mortality was seen in the age group of 41- 50 years [66.7%] and 31-40 years [33.3%]. : Malaria complications can be reduced by studying the clinical profile of the disease and using proper antimalarial medication treatment. This aids in the reduction of malaria morbidity and death, as well as the country's long-term economic prosperity.

ObjectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with incompletely understood etiology, has a strong genetic component. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed multiple SLE susceptibility loci and associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the precise causal variants, target genes, cell types, tissues, and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown.MethodsHere, we report a comprehensive post-GWAS analysis using extensive annotation, molecular modeling, and integrative functional genomic and epigenomic analyses to optimize fine-mapping. We compile and cross-reference immune cell-specific expression quantitative trait loci (cis- andtrans-eQTLs) with promoter capture Hi-C, allele-specific chromatin accessibility, and massively parallel reporter assay data to define predisposing variants and target genes. To assess our predictions, we experimentally validate a locus using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, qPCR, and Western blot.ResultsAnchoring on 452 index SNPs, we selected 9,931 high-linkage disequilibrium (r2>0.8) SNPs and defined 182 independent non-HLA SLE loci. 3,746 SNPs from 143 loci were identified as regulating 564 unique genes. Target genes are enriched in lupus-related tissues and associated with other autoimmune diseases. Of these, 329 SNPs (106 loci) showed significant allele-specific chromatin accessibility or enhancer activity, indicating regulatory potential. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we validated rs57668933 as a functional variant regulating multiple targets, including SLE risk geneELF1, in B-cells.ConclusionWe demonstrate and validate post-GWAS strategies for utilizing multi-dimensional data to prioritize likely causal variants with cognate gene targets underlying SLE pathogenesis. Our results provide a catalog of significantly SLE-associated SNPs and loci, target genes, and likely biochemical mechanisms, to guide experimental characterization.

Introduction:This clinical study presents the short-term results of the Pilon fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation through an anterolateral approach and further re-analyse the different complication rates and outcome percentages during surgical treatment through an anterolateral approach. Materials And Methods:The presentstudy is a prospective descriptive study involving 22 patients with Pilon fracture treated by ORIF through an anterolateral approach at the Department of Orthopaedics, Narayana Medical College and hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh from June 2021 to May 2022. Results:In our study, among 22 cases, the majority of patients were male (77%). The mean age group of our patients has been 40 -60 years. Right-sided injury and left-sided injury are almost equal. Functional outcome was measured using Mazur criteria. According to these, we found that 12 patients (54.54%) had excellent functional outcome, 8 patients (36.36%) had good functional outcome and 2 patients had fair functional outcome following ORIF with anterolateral plate for tibial pilon fractures and are comparable with other studies in the literature review. Discussion:In our study functional outcome was measured using Mazur ankle score. According to these we found 12 patients (54.54%) had excellent functional outcome and 8 patients (36.36%) had good functional outcome and 2 patients (9.1%) had fair functional outcome following open reduction and internal fixation with anterolateral for tibial pilon fracture. &nbsp

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which leads to mental deterioration due to aberrant accretion of misfolded proteins in the brain. According to mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction is majorly involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Many drugs targeting mitochondria to treat and prevent AD are in different phases of clinical trials for the evaluation of safety and efficacy as mitochondria are involved in various cellular and neuronal functions. Mitochondrial dynamics is regulated by fission and fusion processes mediated by dynamin-related protein (Drp1). Inner membrane fusion takes place by OPA1 and outer membrane fusion is facilitated by mitofusin1 and mitofusin2 (Mfn1/2). Excessive calcium release also impairs mitochondrial functions; to overcome this, calcium channel blockers like nilvadipine are used. Another process acting as a regulator of mitochondrial function is mitophagy which is involved in the removal of damaged and non-functional mitochondria however this process is also altered in AD due to mutations in Presenilin1 (PS1) and Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) gene. Mitochondrial dynamics is altered in AD which led to the discovery of various fission protein (like Drp1) inhibitors and drugs that promote fusion. Modulations in AMPK, SIRT1 and Akt pathways can also come out to be better therapeutic strategies as these pathways regulate functions of mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation is major generator of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) leading to mitochondrial damage; therefore reduction in production of ROS by using antioxidants like MitoQ, Curcumin and Vitamin Eis quiteeffective.

Aims: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) mouthwashes in reducing the microbial load in saliva. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Afzalgunj, Hyderabad, between January and March 2020. Methods and Materials: 60 Patients with gingivitis were included in the study. Ultrasonic scaling was done and saliva samples of the participants were collected and transferred onto blood agar plates. These plates were sent for the microbial count. Later they were given the mouthwash (Chlorhexidine or Chlorine dioxide or Distilled water by random selection) which they used for four weeks. Each group of participants was instructed to rinse 10 ml of 0.2% CHX for one minute twice per day. (Group A) 10 ml of ClO2 (Freshclor) for one minute twice per day. (Group B) 10 ml of Distilled water for one minute twice per day. (Group C) After four weeks of usage of prescribed mouthwashes, the participants were recalled and salivary samples were again collected and sent for the microbial count. Results: The intergroup comparison of CFU between the groups after four weeks showed significant reduction of CFU Groups A and B when compared to Group C. When compared to Group A (CHX), Group B (ClO2) witnessed statistically significant reduction of CFU in with a mean difference of 0.26±0.09 (p

BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of Triphala as a preprocedural mouth rinse & comparing the efficacy with chlorhexidine and betadine in reducing the viable microbial load in dental aerosols. METHODS 32 patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly allocated into 4 groups (A, B, C & D) of 8 patients each who received 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX), 6 % Triphala (TRP), 2 % betadine and water respectively as a pre-procedural mouth rinse. Blood agar plates were placed on the operator’s chest area and the patient’s chest area for collecting the aerosols. The agar plates were then incubated at 370C for 48 hours and colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted. RESULTS CFU was significantly reduced in groups A, B & C compared to group D. Intergroup comparison showed no significant difference in the efficacy of 0.2 % CHX and 6 % TRP with P-value 0.058 in the operator’s area and with a significant difference of Pvalue 0.014 in the patient’s area. 2 % betadine was found to be least effective among the 3 test groups. The number of CFUs was greater at the patient’s chest area than that of the operator. CONCLUSIONS This study reinforces the importance of preprocedural mouth rinse. Triphala showed near equal efficacy to CHX, which is considered the gold standard in aerosol reduction and also better than 2 % betadine. Therefore, it can be considered as an alternative to CHX as a preprocedural mouth rinse. KEY WORDS Triphala, Chlorhexidine, Betadine, Aerosols, Colony Forming Units (CFUs)

Objectives: To compare radiographic and clinical midterm outcomes of posterior malleolar fractures treated with anterior to posterior lag screw versus posterior buttress plating fixation. Patients: Between June 2017 and June 2021, patients with posterior malleolar fractures were identified by the Current Procedural Terminology code and their charts were reviewed for eligibility. Intervention: Posterior malleolar fixation using either anterior to posterior (AP) lag screws or posterior buttress plating. Main Outcome Measurements: Demographic data, length of follow-up, range of motion, and postoperative Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) scores were the main outcome measurements. Immediate postoperative radiographs for residual gap/step-off and final follow-up radiographs for the degree of arthritis that developed were evaluated.Results: 37 patients were eligible for the study, and 27 choose to participate. 16 patients underwent posterior buttress plating, and 11 underwent AP screw fixation with mean follow-up times of 26 and 20 months, respectively. Demographic data were similar between groups. The posterolateral plating group demonstrated superior postoperative SMFA scores compared with the AP screw group with statistically significant differences in the SMFA bother index (26.7 vs. 9.2, P = 0.03) and trends toward improvement in the mobility (28.3 vs. 12.9, P = 0.08) and functional indices (20.2 vs. 9.4, P = 0.08). There were no significant differences in the range of motion or the development of ankle arthritis over time. Conclusions: Patients with trimalleolar ankle fractures in whom the posterior malleolus was treated with posterolateral buttress plating had superior clinical outcomes at follow-up compared with those treated with AP screws.

Background: A basicervical femoral neck fracture, which is located at the junction between the femoral neck and intertrochanteric region, is a rare type of fracture. (1) Despite several randomized trials and comparative studies treatment of unstable basicervical fractures in elderly patients is still controversial, which we want to investigate. Methods: A prospective cohort analysis of 44 patients, of which 22 each were operated with cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BPA) and proximal femur nail (PFN) between January 2018 till July 2021 was done. Primary outcome was assessed in both groups using Harris hip score( HHS) at 4weeks, 6 weeks, 12weeks, 6months and 1 year on outpatient basis. The secondary outcome measures were intraoperative blood loss, surgical time, functional outcome, range of motion limb length discrepancy at final follow up. All complications were noted at follow up.Results: The HHS was significantly higher for BPA group at all follow ups, at 4 weeks of follow up was 79.81 for BPA and 73.18 for PFN (p-value = 0.001) and at 1 year of follow up was 88.55 for BPA and 79.03 for PFN (p-value = 0.001). Statistically significant differences were found between BPA and PFN groups with reference to intraoperative blood loss, surgical time, functional outcome, range of motion, limb length discrepancy at final follow up.Conclusion: The bipolar hemiarthroplasty group had fewer complications and earlier mobilization with better Harris hip score at all follow ups, which indicate bipolar hemiarthroplasty is a better option in the treatment of unstable basicervical fractures in elderly patients.

Genome-wide association studies have identified 2p13.1 as a prominent susceptibility locus for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)—a complex, multisystem autoimmune disease. However, the identity of underlying causal variant (s) and molecular mechanisms for increasing disease susceptibility are poorly understood. Using meta-analysis (cases = 10,252, controls = 21,604) followed by conditional analysis, bioinformatic annotation, and eQTL and 3D-chromatin interaction analyses, we computationally prioritized potential functional variants and subsequently experimentally validated their effects. Ethnicity-specific meta-analysis revealed striking allele frequency differences between Asian and European ancestries, but with similar odds ratios. We identified 20 genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10−8) variants, and conditional analysis pinpointed two potential functional variants, rs6705628 and rs2272165, likely to explain the association. The two SNPs are near DGUOK, mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase, and its associated antisense RNA DGUOK-AS1. Using luciferase reporter gene assays, we found significant cell type- and allele-specific promoter activity at rs6705628 and enhancer activity at rs2272165. This is supported by ChIP-qPCR showing allele-specific binding with three histone marks (H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H3K4me1), RNA polymerase II (Pol II), transcriptional coactivator p300, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), and transcription factor ARID3A. Transcriptome data across 28 immune cell types from Asians showed both SNPs are cell-type-specific but only in B-cells. Splicing QTLs showed strong regulation of DGUOK-AS1. Genotype-specific DGOUK protein levels are supported by Western blots. Promoter capture Hi-C data revealed long-range chromatin interactions between rs2272165 and several nearby promoters, including DGUOK. Taken together, we provide mechanistic insights into how two noncoding variants underlie SLE risk at the 2p13.1 locus.

Targeted drug delivery remains an active area of investigation in hematologic cancers. We have previously reported on a novel nanoparticle formulation (D1X) that can encapsulate drugs within a liposome whose lipid bilayer contains dexamethasone, which serves as a targeting ligand for drug delivery to tumor cells that express glucocorticoid receptors. We tested the activity of D1X-encapsulated bortezomib (D1XB) in combination with D1X-encapsulated nutlin (D1XN) in B-lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) cells. WM cells treated with D1XB + D1XN experienced cell cycle arrest, ER stress and apoptosis. In mice xenografted with bortezomib-resistant WM cells, D1XB + D1XN treatment resulted in significantly lower tumor burden compared to vehicle or nonliposomal parent drugs.

We report a morphometric evaluation of α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) pig heart and kidney ( n = 9) at the end of one, three and seven months. Organs parameters gradually increased with the age ( p

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is considered one of the most common causes of dementia worldwide, accounting for about 80 % of all dementia cases. AD is manifested by the extraneuronal deposition of senile plaques of amyloid beta (Aβ) and intraneuronal accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles of phosphorylated tau. The impaired proteostasis of these filamentous Aβ and tau is significantly regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-induced oxidative stress (OS) is the cardinal cause behind neuroinflammation-triggered neurodegeneration during AD. Besides ROS-induced neuro-inflammation, AD is also associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction, where platelet primarily plays a significant role in blood-vessel integrity and tissue repair. Though platelets are the circulatory cell fragments that play predominant roles in thrombosis and hemostasis, their contributions to other physiological functions are also being elucidated. Surprisingly, platelets contribute about 90 % of the circulatory Aβ and share striking similarities with neurons in several aspects, including different neurotransmitters and their cognate receptors, thus considering platelets as potential peripheral models for AD. Interestingly, platelet structural and functional dysfunctions are evident in AD, where ROS production is associated with platelet hyperactivity. Although activated platelet carries several vital enzymes and immunomodulatory molecules, which can potentially exacerbate OS-mediated neuronal damage, and neurodegeneration, their mechanism of action and mode of progression, are still obscure. Therefore, in this review, we have described the detailed role of OS and platelet in AD, addressing the therapeutic approach and molecular mechanism of platelet-mediated ROS generation as a contributing factor in aggravating the disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major contributor of dementia leading to the degeneration of neurons in the brain with major symptoms like loss of memory and learning. Many evidences suggest the involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathology of AD. Cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6 are also found increasing the BACE1 activity and expression of NFκB resulting in generation of Aβ in AD brain. Following the interaction of Aβ with microglia and astrocytes, other inflammatory molecules also get translocated to the site of inflammation by chemotaxis and exaggerate neuroinflammation. Various pathways like NFκB, p38 MAPK, Akt/mTOR, caspase, nitric oxide and COX trigger microglia to release inflammatory cytokines. PPARγ agonists like pioglitazone increases the phagocytosis of Aβ and reduces inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Celecoxib and roficoxib like selective COX-2 inhibitors also ameliorate neuroinflammation. Non-selective COX inhibitor indomethacin is also potent inhibitor of inflammatory mediators released from microglia. Mitophagy process is considered quite helpful in reducing inflammation due to microglia as it promotes the phagocytosis of over activated microglial cells and other inflammatory cells. Mitophagy induction is also beneficial in the removal of damaged mitochondria and reduction of infiltration of inflammatory molecules at the site of accumulation of the damaged mitochondria. Targeting these pathways and eventually ameliorating the activation of microglia can mitigate neuroinflammation and come out as a better therapeutic option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, videos are very important to the billions of people staying and working at home. Two-pass video encoding allows for a refinement of parameters based on statistics obtained from the first pass. Given the variety of characteristics in user-generated content, there is opportunity to make this refinement optimal for this type of content. We show how we can replace the traditional models used for rate control in video coding with better prediction models with linear and nonlinear model functions. Moreover, we can utilize these first-pass statistics to further refine the traditional encoding recipes that are typically used for all input video sequences. Our work can provide much-needed bitrate savings for many different encoders, and we highlight it by testing on typical Facebook video content. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play a crucial role in cell cycle progression and are validated targets of cancer therapy. Pyrazolopyrimidines are versatile scaffolds, which have been exploited for developing potential anticancer agents. We herein report the synthesis and in vitro CDK2/cyclin E kinase inhibitory activity of 34 novel 4,6-disubstituted pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidines (9a-9s, 13a-13h, 14a-14d, 15a-15c). The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that compounds with thiopentane/thiophenethyl group at C-6 and heteroatom-containing bicyclic moiety (benzofuran) at C-4 exhibited good CDK2 inhibitory activity. Further, the binding energies obtained for the active compounds from in silico molecular docking studies with CDK2 were found to be in consonance with the observed SAR and experimental results. In addition, some of the synthesized compounds showed anti-proliferative activity against K-562 (chronic myelogenous leukaemia) and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines in micromolar ranges. Further, the cytotoxicity studies on CHO cell line revealed that all the compounds are non-toxic to normal cells and are safe. Thus, the research findings revealed the anticancer potential of 4,6-disubstituted pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives which could be further considered for lead optimization.

A biological is a substance which either comprises, contains, or is derived from human cells or human tissues. The use of biological products is associated with the risk of infection transmission, allergic reactions, and other adverse events (AEs). The science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of AEs or any other problems related to biological products (blood, cells, tissues, organs, and vaccine in international perspective) are termed as biovigilance. With more and more biologicals being marketed and the rapid revolutionary changes in transplant-related services, the importance of biovigilance is increasing day by day. Although specific types of vigilance systems (pharmacovigilance and materiovigilance) exist, activities related to “biovigilance” are still in an infancy stage. Many developed countries such as the USA, Europe, and Australia have implemented nationwide biovigilance programs. In India, the National Institute of Biologicals, in collaboration with the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, has launched the Biovigilance Programme of India. In this article, the biovigilance systems of different countries across the globe have been reviewed along with highlights of the current biovigilance needs.

Porcine heart xenotransplantation is a potential treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure. To understand molecular mechanisms of graft rejection after heart transplantation, we transplanted a 31-day-old alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) porcine heart to a five-year-old cynomolgus monkey. Histological and transcriptome analyses were conducted on xenografted cardiac tissue at rejection (nine days after transplantation). The recipient monkey&rsquo, s blood parameters were analyzed on days &minus, 7, &minus, 3, 1, 4, and 7. Validation was conducted by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with selected genes. A non-transplanted GTKO porcine heart from an age-matched litter was used as a control. The recipient monkey showed systemic inflammatory responses, and the rejected cardiac graft indicated myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrosis. The transplanted heart exhibited a total of 3748 differentially expressed genes compared to the non-transplanted heart transcriptome, with 2443 upregulated and 1305 downregulated genes. Key biological pathways involved at the terminal stage of graft rejection were cardiomyopathies, extracellular interactions, and ion channel activities. The results of qPCR evaluation were in agreement with the transcriptome data. Transcriptome analysis of porcine cardiac tissue at graft rejection reveals dysregulation of the key molecules and signaling pathways, which play relevant roles on structural and functional integrities of the heart.

Annals of surgical treatment and research 100(3), 127-136 (2021). doi:10.4174/astr.2021.100.3.127, Published by Korean Surgical Society, Seoul

Cancer informatics 19, 117693512096969 (2020). doi:10.1177/1176935120969696, Published by Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA

We report a morphometric evaluation of

BACKGROUND: Intestinal organoids have evolved as potential molecular tools that could be used to study host-microbiome interactions, nutrient uptake, and drug screening. Gut epithelial barrier functions play a crucial role in health and diseases, especially in autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), because they disrupt the epithelial mucosa and impair barrier function. METHODS: In this study, we generated an in vitro IBD model based on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and intestinal organoids that could potentially be used to assess barrier integrity. Intestinal organoids were long-term cultivated and characterized with several specific markers, and the key functionality of paracellular permeability was determined using FITC-dextran 4 kDa. Intestinal organoids that had been treated with 2 µM DSS for 3 h were developed and the intestinal epithelial barrier function was sequentially evaluated. RESULTS: The results indicated that the paracellular permeability represented epithelial characteristics and their barrier function had declined when they were exposed to FITC-dextran 4 kDa after DSS treatment. In addition, we analyzed the endogenous mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their downstream effector genes. The results demonstrated that the inflammatory cytokines genes significantly increased in inflamed organoids compared to the control, leading to epithelial barrier damage and dysfunction. CONCLUSION: The collective results showed that in vitro 3D organoids mimic in vivo tissue topology and functionality with minor limitations, and hence are helpful for testing disease models. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13770-020-00278-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Phytocompounds are gaining popularity, due to lesser toxicity, greater bioavailability and high chemodiversity. Phytocompounds are evolving as new leads for the development of a novel drug. Phytocompounds exhibit a wide range of biological properties, and are being used as antioxidants, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, cardiovascular, and anticancer drugs. However, their identification is still relatively limited. The major hurdle in the discovery of an efficient phytocompound is a complete dependence on time-consuming in vitro and in vivo screening systems. Alternatively, the computational drug discovery approach of using an online database and bioinformatics tools would be a cost-effective and time-saving option. Recent advancements in computational and structural biology have attributed the three-dimensional (3D) structure to many natural drug-like compounds and disease-related target macromolecules, and have been stored into renowned databases like Protein Data Bank (RCSB-PDB), DrugBank, and ZINC. The drug discovery filed is swiftly advancing with bioinformatics applications, and the availability of digitalized molecular data is paving new avenues in Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) area. Virtual library screening (VLS), a widely recognized technique due to it being cost-effective, time-saving, and less laborious, evaluates drug candidates using computational tools, such as AutoDock Vina, GOLD, and Glide. This chapter provides comprehensive information about the available biological databases and bioinformatics tools that are useful for the analysis of plant-derived bioactive compounds and their molecular interactions in diseases. Applications of advanced bioinformatics tools and methods for designing, optimization, and high-throughput screening of phytocompounds are detailed. In addition, it emphasizes the advantages, limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the computational approaches in analyzing phytocompound interactions.

Diseases of bowl wall mucosa stemming from sudden mutation lead to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by the transformation of normal epithelial cells into neoplastic lesions. CRC is considered to be a global burden; hence, its incidence rate is expeditiously increased up to ten-fold higher, worldwide. The epidemiological report pinpointed CRC as the utmost third common malignancy in men and second in women. Because of greater efficacy, the synthetic drugs are unsatisfactory due to higher toxic effects to the normal cells, and a chance of developing multidrug resistance by tumor cells. Therefore, dietary flavonoids with potent anticarcinogenic effects have been focused on recent investigations. Pelargonidin (PD), a bioactive molecule classified under anthocyanidin is present in red and pink pigmented berries. PD efficiently modulates intercellular antioxidant status, thereby reducing oxidative DNA damage, cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and reverse drug resistance of metastatic cells, and potentially induces cell cycle arrest, thereby interfering in colorectal carcinogenesis. PD scavenges and normalizes the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in gene mutation and induction of colon carcinogenesis. Therefore, the proliferation of tumor cells would be affected or blocked potentially due to disturbance in cell cycle protein by these ROS. Considering the wide pharmacological benefits of PD, this chapter deliberately reviews the cumulative research data from in vitro human colon cancer cell line studies on chemoprotective property of PD against CRC, and also summarizes the underlying mechanism in experimental models.