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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics significantly affect teaching and learning. Especially physical education teaching that emphasizes practice in the field or large space. On the other hand, physical education classes must do online teaching, which leads to students not being interested in learning. This reason affects the teacher's motivation, making most teachers bored to teach without motivation. Specifically, in the pre-service physical educators who have low experience in teaching and leads to unenjoyed in their class. Consequently, pre-service physical educators need to find new strategies to teach students to be of greater interest. Thus, this study examined the relationship between teachers' motivation (intrinsic and external motivation) towards teaching strategies among pre-service physical educators. The instruments were regarding teachers' motivation in terms of intrinsic and external motivation and teaching strategies. The respondents were 157 pre-service physical educators in five universities in the border provinces of Southern Thailand. The result showed that there is a relationship between intrinsic and external motivation towards teaching strategies among the participants. These results provide guidelines for pre-service physical educators to improve their teaching and enhance students' achievement in the future through online physical education classes.

This study was determining the link between professional learning community (PLC) practice and teacher motivation in secondary schools in the Jeli District, Malaysia. The cross-sectional research method was chosen, and the research instrument were the Professional Learning Community Assessment-Revised (PLCA-R) and the Assessment of Teacher Motivation Questionnaire (ATMQ). The sample were used 171 from a population of 306 individuals. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 was used to analyze the study data. The result demonstrated that instructors in remote regions are working hard to guarantee that the professional learning community program is beneficial to them while also increasing their teaching motivation. The study’s implications have demonstrated the importance of cultivating the practice of professional learning communities in schools. Thus, the school can make continuous improvements to improve student performance as well as be a catalyst to motivate teachers to work harder to improve the quality of teaching and learning.

Studies on students' engagement in the academic field seem to be widely explored. Similar investigations at the primary education level remain at its infancy stage. Especially in Thailand where the literacy level is low. To achieve the study objectives, teachers at primary schools in Nakhon Si Thammarat province of Thailand were randomly selected and surveyed. The data retrieved were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The result reveals an insignificant relationship between teaching perspective and students’ engagement. However, the teaching perspective inventory has a negative significant moderating effect. The research implication to education policymakers was extensively discussed.

Accomplished physical education (PE) teachers recognize teachers’ motivation, lesson implementation as well as the application of PE contents. This is because these affect teaching effectiveness in PE class. However, a previous study from Koonsri (2016) found that the teachers lacked motivation and focused on extra money or bonus from their teaching. In addition, because the pre-service PE teachers had poor experiences in teaching and controlling the classes, these issues affected the implementation and integration of the PE contents (Claypan, 2014; Kanchana, 2010). Thus, this study examines the relationship between teachers’ motivation, lesson implementation, and application of PE contents among pre-service PE teachers in Southern Thailand. The instruments regarding teachers’ motivation in terms of intrinsic and external motivation, lesson implementation, and application of PE contents were adopted from Tulyakul (2019). The respondents were 157 pre-service PE teachers in five universities in the border provinces of Southern Thailand. The result shows that there is a relationship between intrinsic and external motivation towards lesson implementation and the application of PE contents among the participants. Finally, there are proposed guidelines for the pre-service PE teachers to adjust and develop their teaching performance to enhance students' achievement in the future

Circular Letter No 3/1987 issued by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia makes it clear that the supervision of teaching and learning in the classroom is the responsibility of the principal or headmaster to fulfill his role as supervisor. However, school administrators are still not emphasizing this dimension of teaching and teaching supervision, as a result, there may be shortcomings in the pedagogical skills and the quality of the teaching material of teachers. Recognizing the importance of supervisory processes to enhance teacher professionalism, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between teaching and learning supervision skills and teacher self-efficacy, as well as to examine the influence of teaching and learning supervision dimensions on teaching effectiveness. This study was conducted among 211 teachers who participated in the teaching and learning supervision process in 13 primary schools selected by the Jeli District Education Office, Kelantan. The questionnaire was used to collect data and information. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between supervisory skills and teacher self-efficacy (r=0.44, p=0.00), while regression analysis to examine the influence of teaching and learning supervision showed that the technical dimension was moderate (r=0.43, r2=0.185, p

Education for sustainable development allows each modern humans being to obtain the information, skills, attitudes and principles necessary to shape a sustainable future. The word Geo derives from the Greek word meaning "earth" which can also be interpreted in the sense of land, global or Earth-related. The purpose of this study is to analyze expert consensus for the new educational module, Geo-Education. The objective of this study is to obtain from 12 expert views to build the questionnaire of Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) in 10 points Likert scale and consensus on Primer; Natural Ecosystem; Issues and Problems; Sustainable Lifestyle; and Cross-Curricular. The methodology of this research used quantitative fuzzy Delphi analysis. The instrument consists of five sections covering 25 review items for expert consensus. The findings show that experts have consensus agree on all 25 items exceeds 75%, and all defuzzification values for each item exceeds the value of α-cut = 0.5. That means all those items are accepted by the experts. Fuzzy Delphi Method enhanced the accuracy of the questionnaire about Geo-Education module. This study has provided preliminary information on Geo-Education module aspects that need to be focused on Primary; Natural Ecosystem; Issues and Problems; Sustainable Lifestyle; and Cross-Curricular in the process of developing effective teaching and learning modules. The implication concludes that the Geo-Education Module can be used as guidance to the Ministry of Education Malaysia to supplement the teaching materials to teachers training institutes.

This study aims to identify critical success factors of sustainable leadership success. A total of 629 teachers were involved in answering the questionnaires that were distributed. Meanwhile, 4 school principals and 8 teachers were involved in semi-structured interviews to support quantitative findings. The findings showed that all factors of sustainable leadership namely; Focus on Pupils, Lateral Capacity Building Through Networks, Sustain Work Positive Environment, Deep Learning, Intelligent Accountability and Vertical Relationships, and Commitment to Changing Context at All Levels, were practiced at high levels in the schools. Meanwhile, the qualitative findings support three critical success factors in sustainable leadership which are Sustain Work Positive Environment, Commitment to Changing Context at All Levels and Deep Learning. Thus, this study provides information to stakeholders and contribution to the academic research field.

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives., National Science Center, Poland [2019/33/N/HS6/00054]; Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University); Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF; FCT [UID/PSI/03125/2021, SFRH/BD/126304/2016]; UTAR Research Centre Excellence Award; Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman [2019 -CAP (6401/0019)], This work is the result of the research project funded by the National Science Center, Poland (2019/33/N/HS6/00054). Dmitry Grigoryev was supported by the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).; Dmitrii Dubrov was supported by the Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF.; Patricia Arriaga was supported by the FCT through funds from the research center UID/PSI/03125/2021. Anabela C. Santos was supported by the FCT through funds from a PhD grant SFRH/BD/126304/2016. Kavitha Nalla Muthu and Chee-Seng Tan were supported by the UTAR Research Centre Excellence Award 2019 -CAP (6401/0019) from the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world, and concerns about psychological, social, and economic consequences are growing rapidly. Individuals’ empathy-based reactions towards others may be an important resilience factor in the face of COVID-19. Self-report data from 15,375 participants across 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this study examined different facets of empathy—Perspective-Taking, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress, and their association with cross-cultural ratings on Individualism, Power Distance, The Human Development Index, Social Support Ranking, and the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index, as well as the currently confirmed number of cases of COVID-19 at the time of data collection. The highest ratings on Perspective-Taking were obtained for USA, Brazil, Italy, Croatia, and Armenia (from maximum to minimum), on Empathetic Concern, for the USA, Brazil, Hungary, Italy, and Indonesia, and on Personal Distress, from Brazil, Turkey, Italy, Armenia, Indonesia. Results also present associations between demographic factors and empathy across countries. Limitations and future directions are presented.

This study was conducted to identify the influence of teaching and learning supervision on the attitude of teachers towards the supervision in secondary schools in Kubang Pasu District, Kedah. The supervisory model developed by Glickman, Gordon and Ross-Gordon (2004) and the research instrument involves a set of questionnaires containing 23 items. Respondents of the study involved 372 teachers in secondary schools in Kubang Pasu District, Kedah. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using Statistical Packages of Social Sciences and inferential statistics using the Partial Least Squares software through the SMART PLS 3.0 software. The result shows that there is a significant influence between the dimensions of knowledge and the technical skills with the teachers’ attitude towards supervision while the dimensions of interpersonal skills do not have a significant influence on teachers' attitudes. The findings can be used as guidance to the Ministry of Education, to overcome all the shortcomings and weaknesses in the existing teaching supervision practices based on the established supervisory regulation

The main influence on physical education (PE) teachers is motivation involves the methods of preventing misbehavior. The respondents comprise the teacher who are teach PE classes in primary school at Southern Thailand amount 298 teachers. The instrument includes three questionnaires namely; The Autonomous Motivation for Teaching Questionnaire (AMTQ) was employed to collect data in terms of teacher motivation, in part of lesson implementation used the Self-Evaluation of Teacher Effectiveness Questionnaire in Physical Education (SETEQ-PE) to collect data, and classroom management strategies questionnaire was employed for collect data in preventive strategies aspect. There are two statistical software utilized for analysis data, namely; Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 used for preliminary data analysis. While, the Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) version 3 used for analytical the structural equation model. The finding found that there is a significant relationship between intrinsic motivation, preventive strategies, and lesson implementation. Meanwhile, there is no significant relationship between external motivation toward preventive strategies and lesson implementation among primary school teachers in Southern Thailand. The implication of this result as an evident empirical study to assist the importance of teacher motivation and lesson implementation and contributed the teacher to enhance motivation for teaching to improve the higher effective PE instruction.

Prior and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have resulted in substantial changes to everyday life. The pandemic and measures of its control affect mental health negatively. Self-reported data from 15,375 participants from 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two questionnaires measuring anxiety level were used in this study-the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The associations between a set of social indicators on anxiety during COVID-19 (e.g., sex, age, country, live alone) were tested as well. Self-reported anxiety during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic varied across countries, with the maximum levels reported for Brazil, Canada, Italy, Iraq and the USA. Sex differences of anxiety levels during COVID-19 were also examined, and results showed women reported higher levels of anxiety compared to men. Overall, our results demonstrated that the self-reported symptoms of anxiety were higher compared to those reported in general before pandemic. We conclude that such cultural dimensions as individualism/collectivism, power distance and looseness/tightness may function as protective adaptive mechanisms against the development of anxiety disorders in a pandemic situation. Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [075-15-2020-910]; Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud UniversityKing Saud University; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA) [K125437] In Russia (V.N.B., M.L.B., J.F.), this article was prepared in the framework of a research grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant ID: 075-15-2020-910). The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through Support to Ahmad M. Alghraibeh (Saudi Arabia). Data collection in Hungary was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) awarded to the twenty-seventh author (K125437). WOS:000638899900001 2-s2.0-85104184486

The rapid growth and change in education has forced teachers to find up to date knowledge to improve their teaching pedagogy in the classroom. Whats more, the latest development is to produce students who are capable of thinking at a high level thinking skills (HOTS). Therefore, teachers should need guidance in realizing Ministry of Education aspirations. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the influence of dimensions of knowledge and interpersonal skills within SISC + officer on improving teacher teaching competency. The method of the study was to use a quantitative method of questionnaire containing five points of likert scale. The instrument of the study was taken from a questionnaire developed by Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Kluang (2015) for coaching of SISC + (16 questions). Whereas teacher teaching competency instrument (22 questions) is a questionnaire adapted from Spencer and Spencer (1992). A total of 186 teachers from six Jelis district secondary schools were involved in the study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 to find mean values, standard deviations, Pearson correlations and Stepwise regression. The findings show that the level of SISC + coaching and teacher teaching competency are at a high moderate level. This shows that the teachers are accepting the SISC+ coaching program but with modification. Furthermore, the study shows that there is a positive but significantly weak relationship between SISC + coaching and teacher teaching competency. Therefore, SISC + officers need to continue to guide teachers to meet their needs as efficient instructors and follow the guidelines set for more positive relationship. Moreover, the regression statistic showed that SISC+ knowledge dimension do influences but only 6.3% towards teacher teaching competency, whereas interpersonal dimension was not significant. Further study by longitudinal study and interview should be conducted to find the causes of weak relationship and almost not influencing between SISC + coaching and teaching competencies (Knowledge and Interpersonal).

The study examine the psychometric properties of Attitudes towards Mathematics Inventory (ATMI) in the Thai context. To achieve the objective set by the authors, 259 students from 10 different primary schools in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand were selected. Furthermore, a forty items ATMI questionnaire having four scales that is, 15 items measuring self-confidence, 10 items measuring value, 10 items measuring enjoyment, and 5 items measuring motivation from the study of Khine and Afari (2014) was adapted. The questionnaire adapted was translated to Thai language by expert English Thai lecturer. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were carried out to ascertain the factorability of the correlation matrix. That ATMI can be a viable scale to measure students’ attitudes toward mathematics in Thai context.

The study was conducted to examine the students’ mathematic achievement and retention when a cooperative learning method of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) is used in a Thailand primary school. The research design selected for this study was quasi-experimental. A total of 72 students took part in the study and they were selected by fishbowl random sampling technique that divided them into two groups equally (control and treatment group). The 50-items are School-Based Test is formatted in the multiple-choice pattern to examine the equivalence of the academic ability of the participants of 6th grade students in 6 topics: area/perimeter, geometry, algebra, graphing, data management and probability. Overall, the participants of this study had undergone 3 tests: pretest, post-test 1 and post-test 2. ANOVA Repeated Measure was used in analysing the data. The result showed that the cooperative learning by STAD technique is most positive effective in the students’ mathematic achievement and retention. This study argues that the cooperative learning of STAD technique can facilitate students’ achievement and retention in Mathematics. Consequently, this cooperative learning technique is recommended in learning and teaching Mathematics.

Rangsit Journal of Educational Studies, 5, 2, 52-63

Study aims to investigate about conflict management style and the job satisfaction among private Islamic school teachers. The data consisted of 136 samples from private secondary school teachers at Alor Setar district in Kedah. For acquiring the conflict management style, Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory (ROCI-II) had been used and to gain the job satisfaction datum, the Teaching Satisfaction Scale (TSS) developed by Ho and Au in 2006 was used. The findings of this research revealed that style of compromising (r = 0.299, p < .01), obliging (r = 0.244, p < .05) and integrating (r = 0.208, p < .05) have a significant relationship with job satisfaction. All these styles give positive outcomes for both parties that lead to positive school outcomes and also to maintain the good relationship with the other parties. When school administrator implemented these three styles will keeps teachers happy and satisfied without any kinds of negative impact on their relations at school. Thus, school administrator must be knowledgeable and aware about the best style of conflict at school to lead more satisfaction because teachers like to be more compromise when handling conflict. This finding suggests that the conflict management affects job satisfaction but excessive and wrong in handling it is associated with diminishing job satisfaction.

Thailand government noted that mathematics is one of the basic subjects needed in all sphere of endeavor. With this, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between students’ attitude towards mathematics and their achievements. This study fulfills that by experimenting 100 students from Songkla province in Thailand using correlation analysis. It was found that there is positive relationship between students’ attitude towards learning mathematics and their achievement. In addition to this, further analysis using t-test presents that there is no difference between gender attitude and their achievement in mathematics. The result of this study implies that both male and female students has almost the same achievement in statistics because there is no significant difference in their achievement grade