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1. Chapter 5 Impacts and Environmental Risks of Oil Spills on Marine Invertebrates, Algae and Seagrass

Author

Keesing, John K., Gartner, Adam, Westera, Mark, Edgar, Graham J., Myers, Joanne, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., and Bailey, Mark

Subjects
oil spills, marine life, marine invertebrates, algae, seagrass, ocean toxicity, marine habitats, Australian marine life, oil spill Australia, bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology, bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology & the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas), bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WN Natural history::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures, bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology
Abstract

Marine invertebrates and macrophytes are sensitive to the toxic effects of oil. Depending on the intensity, duration and circumstances of the exposure, they can suffer high levels of initial mortality together with prolonged sublethal effects that can act at individual, population and community levels. Under some circumstances, recovery from these impacts can take years to decades. However, effects are variable because some taxa are less sensitive than others, and many factors can mitigate the degree of exposure, meaning that impacts are moderate in many cases, and recovery occurs within a few years. Exposure is affected by a myriad of factors including: type and amount of oil, extent of weathering, persistence of exposure, application of dispersants or other clean-up measures, habitat type, temperature and depth, species present and their stage of development or maturity, and processes of recolonisation, particularly recruitment. Almost every oil spill is unique in terms of its impact because of differing levels of exposure and the type of habitats, communities and species assemblages in the receiving environment. Between 1970 and February 2017, there were 51 significant oil spills in Australia. Five occurred offshore with negligible likely or expected impacts. Of the others, only 24 of the spills were studied in detail, while 19 had only cursory or no assessment despite the potential for oil spills to impact the marine environment. The majority were limited to temperate waters, although 10 of the 14 spills since 2000 were in tropical coastal or offshore areas, seven were in north Queensland in areas close to the Great Barrier Reef. All four spills that have occurred from offshore petroleum industry infrastructure have occurred since 2009. In Australia, as elsewhere, a prespill need exists to assess the risk of a spill, establish environmental baselines, determine the likely exposure of the receiving environment, and test the toxicity of the oil against key animal and plant species in the area of potential impact. Subsequent to any spill, the baseline provides a reference for targeted impact monitoring.

Published
2018

18. Obtaining Phytoplankton Diversity from Ocean Color: A Scientific Roadmap for Future Development

Author

Bracher, Astrid, Bouman, Heather A., Brewin, Robert J.W., Bricaud, Annick, Brotas, Vanda, Ciotti, Aurea M., Clementson, Lesley, Devred, Emmanuel, Di Cicco, Annalisa, Dutkiewicz, Stephanie, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Hickman, Anna E., Hieronymi, Martin, Hirata, Takafumi, Losa, Svetlana N., Mouw, Colleen B, Organelli, Emanuele, Raitsos, Dionysios E., Uitz, Julia, Vogt, Meike, Wolanin, Aleksandra, Bracher, Astrid, Bouman, Heather A., Brewin, Robert J.W., Bricaud, Annick, Brotas, Vanda, Ciotti, Aurea M., Clementson, Lesley, Devred, Emmanuel, Di Cicco, Annalisa, Dutkiewicz, Stephanie, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Hickman, Anna E., Hieronymi, Martin, Hirata, Takafumi, Losa, Svetlana N., Mouw, Colleen B, Organelli, Emanuele, Raitsos, Dionysios E., Uitz, Julia, Vogt, Meike, and Wolanin, Aleksandra

Abstract

To improve our understanding of the role of phytoplankton for marine ecosystems and global biogeochemical cycles, information on the global distribution of major phytoplankton groups is essential. Although algorithms have been developed to assess phytoplankton diversity from space for over two decades, so far the application of these data sets has been limited. This scientific roadmap identifies user needs, summarizes the current state of the art, and pinpoints major gaps in long-term objectives to deliver space-derived phytoplankton diversity data that meets the user requirements. These major gaps in using ocean color to estimate phytoplankton community structure were identified as: (a) the mismatch between satellite, in situ and model data on phytoplankton composition, (b) the lack of quantitative uncertainty estimates provided with satellite data, (c) the spectral limitation of current sensors to enable the full exploitation of backscattered sunlight, and (d) the very limited applicability of satellite algorithms determining phytoplankton composition for regional, especially coastal or inland, waters. Recommendation for actions include but are not limited to: (i) an increased communication and round-robin exercises among and within the related expert groups, (ii) the launching of higher spectrally and spatially resolved sensors, (iii) the development of algorithms that exploit hyperspectral information, and of (iv) techniques to merge and synergistically use the various streams of continuous information on phytoplankton diversity from various satellite sensors' and in situ data to ensure long-term monitoring of phytoplankton composition.

Published
2017

19. A Consumer's Guide to Satellite Remote Sensing of Multiple Phytoplankton Groups in the Global Ocean

Author

Mouw, Colleen B, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Alvain, Séverine, Bracher, Astrid, Brewin, Robert J.W., Bricaud, Annick, Ciotti, Aurea M., Devred, Emmanuel, Fujiwara, Amane, Hirata, Takafumi, Hirawake, Toru, Kostadinov, Tihomir S., Roy, Shovonlal, Uitz, Julia, Mouw, Colleen B, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Alvain, Séverine, Bracher, Astrid, Brewin, Robert J.W., Bricaud, Annick, Ciotti, Aurea M., Devred, Emmanuel, Fujiwara, Amane, Hirata, Takafumi, Hirawake, Toru, Kostadinov, Tihomir S., Roy, Shovonlal, and Uitz, Julia

Abstract

Phytoplankton are composed of diverse taxonomical groups, which are manifested as distinct morphology, size, and pigment composition. These characteristics, modulated by their physiological state, impact their light absorption and scattering, allowing them to be detected with ocean color satellite radiometry. There is a growing volume of literature describing satellite algorithms to retrieve information on phytoplankton composition in the ocean. This synthesis provides a review of current methods and a simplified comparison of approaches. The aim is to provide an easily comprehensible resource for non-algorithm developers, who desire to use these products, thereby raising the level of awareness and use of these products and reducing the boundary of expert knowledge needed to make a pragmatic selection of output products with confidence. The satellite input and output products, their associated validation metrics, as well as assumptions, strengths, and limitations of the various algorithm types are described, providing a framework for algorithm organization to assist users and inspire new aspects of algorithm development capable of exploiting the higher spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions from the next generation of ocean color satellites.

Published
2017

20. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl M., Cosca, Catherine E., Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik H., Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph F., Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley B., Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joseph E., Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric, school of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Équipe CO2 (E-CO2), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), University of Exeter, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Departamento de Oceanografia, Servicio de Hidrografía Naval, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science (CIMAS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Departmento de Engenharia de Produção, Centro de Estudos e Ensaios em Risco e Modelagem Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware [Newark], The Third Institute of Oceanography SOA, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg (GU), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Ocean Systems and Climate Group, CSIR, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire (UNH), IRD Lago Sul, Brazil, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, University of the Aegean, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Department of Ocean Sciences, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Research Institute for Fisheries Science,Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory (OPAL), Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Weathertop consulting LLC, International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, WCRP Joint planning staff, World Meteorological Organization (WCRP), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), AirSea Laboratory, School of Physics and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of Leeds, College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], Met Eireann, CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Centre de résonance magnétique des systèmes biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Department of Chemistry, Computer Science Department (UBC-Computer Science), University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire de Biophysique et Dynamique des Systèmes Intégrés (BDSI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship (CSIRO), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco [Recife], University of California, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Berkeley] (CEE), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of Wisconsin Whitewater, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Department of Computer Science [Royal Holloway], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, School of Physics [NUI Galway], School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:Geology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], lcsh:QE1-996.5, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.

Published
2016
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22. Obtaining Phytoplankton Diversity from Ocean Color: A Scientific Roadmap for Future Development

Author

Bracher, Astrid, primary, Bouman, Heather A., additional, Brewin, Robert J. W., additional, Bricaud, Annick, additional, Brotas, Vanda, additional, Ciotti, Aurea M., additional, Clementson, Lesley, additional, Devred, Emmanuel, additional, Di Cicco, Annalisa, additional, Dutkiewicz, Stephanie, additional, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., additional, Hickman, Anna E., additional, Hieronymi, Martin, additional, Hirata, Takafumi, additional, Losa, Svetlana N., additional, Mouw, Colleen B., additional, Organelli, Emanuele, additional, Raitsos, Dionysios E., additional, Uitz, Julia, additional, Vogt, Meike, additional, and Wolanin, Aleksandra, additional

Published
2017
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23. A Consumer's Guide to Satellite Remote Sensing of Multiple Phytoplankton Groups in the Global Ocean

Author

Mouw, Colleen B., primary, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., additional, Alvain, Séverine, additional, Bracher, Astrid, additional, Brewin, Robert J. W., additional, Bricaud, Annick, additional, Ciotti, Aurea M., additional, Devred, Emmanuel, additional, Fujiwara, Amane, additional, Hirata, Takafumi, additional, Hirawake, Toru, additional, Kostadinov, Tihomir S., additional, Roy, Shovonlal, additional, and Uitz, Julia, additional

Published
2017
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24. A multi-decade record of high-quality <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., primary, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Landa, Camilla S., additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, O'Brien, Kevin M., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Smith, Karl, additional, Cosca, Cathy, additional, Harasawa, Sumiko, additional, Jones, Stephen D., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, additional, Nojiri, Yukihiro, additional, Schuster, Ute, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takahashi, Taro, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Balestrini, Carlos F., additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Bianchi, Alejandro A., additional, Bonou, Frédéric, additional, Boutin, Jacqueline, additional, Bozec, Yann, additional, Burger, Eugene F., additional, Cai, Wei-Jun, additional, Castle, Robert D., additional, Chen, Liqi, additional, Chierici, Melissa, additional, Currie, Kim, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Featherstone, Charles, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fransson, Agneta, additional, Goyet, Catherine, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Hankin, Steven, additional, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., additional, Harlay, Jérôme, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Hunt, Christopher W., additional, Huss, Betty, additional, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., additional, Johannessen, Truls, additional, Keeling, Ralph, additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, additional, Kuwata, Akira, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Manke, Ansley, additional, Mathis, Jeremy T., additional, Merlivat, Liliane, additional, Millero, Frank J., additional, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Newberger, Timothy, additional, Omar, Abdirahman M., additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Paterson, Kristina, additional, Pearce, David, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Robbins, Lisa L., additional, Saito, Shu, additional, Salisbury, Joe, additional, Schlitzer, Reiner, additional, Schneider, Bernd, additional, Schweitzer, Roland, additional, Sieger, Rainer, additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Sullivan, Kevin F., additional, Sutherland, Stewart C., additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Tadokoro, Kazuaki, additional, Telszewski, Maciej, additional, Tuma, Matthias, additional, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, Doug, additional, Ward, Brian, additional, Watson, Andrew J., additional, and Xu, Suqing, additional

Published
2016
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25. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO<sub>2</sub> data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., primary, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Landa, Camilla S., additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, O'Brien, Kevin M., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Smith, Karl, additional, Cosca, Cathy, additional, Harasawa, Sumiko, additional, Jones, Stephen D., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, additional, Nojiri, Yukihiro, additional, Schuster, Ute, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takahashi, Taro, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Balestrini, Carlos F., additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Bianchi, Alejandro A., additional, Bonou, Frédéric, additional, Boutin, Jacqueline, additional, Bozec, Yann, additional, Burger, Eugene F., additional, Cai, Wei-Jun, additional, Castle, Robert D., additional, Chen, Liqi, additional, Chierici, Melissa, additional, Currie, Kim, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Featherstone, Charles, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fransson, Agneta, additional, Goyet, Catherine, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Hankin, Steven, additional, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., additional, Harlay, Jérôme, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Hunt, Christopher W., additional, Huss, Betty, additional, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., additional, Johannessen, Truls, additional, Keeling, Ralph, additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, additional, Kuwata, Akira, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Manke, Ansley, additional, Mathis, Jeremy T., additional, Merlivat, Liliane, additional, Millero, Frank J., additional, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Newberger, Timothy, additional, Omar, Abdirahman M., additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Paterson, Kristina, additional, Pearce, David, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Robbins, Lisa L., additional, Saito, Shu, additional, Salisbury, Joe, additional, Schlitzer, Reiner, additional, Schneider, Bernd, additional, Schweitzer, Roland, additional, Sieger, Rainer, additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Sullivan, Kevin F., additional, Sutherland, Stewart C., additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Tadokoro, Kazuaki, additional, Telszewski, Maciej, additional, Tuma, Matthias, additional, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, Doug, additional, Ward, Brian, additional, Watson, Andrew J., additional, and Xu, Suqing, additional

Published
2016
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27. An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Smith, Karl M., Hankin, Steven, Olsen, Are, Alin, Simone R., Cosca, Catherine E., Harasawa, Sumiko, Kozyr, Alex, Nojiri, Yukihiro, O'Brien, Kevin M., Schuster, Ute, Telszewski, Maciej, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Akl, J., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Boutin, Jacqueline, Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chavez, Francisco P., Chen, Lin, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, de Baar, Hein J. W., Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Gao, Z., Hales, Burke, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.-J., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, Truls, Jones, E. M., Jones, Stephen D., Jutterström, Sara, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Manke, Ansley B., Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Metzl, Nicolas, Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Ono, Tsuneo, Park, G.-H., Paterson, Kristina, Pierrot, Denis, Ríos, Aida F., Sabine, Christopher L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joseph E., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sun, H., Sutton, Adrienne J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tjiputra, Jerry, Tsurushima, N., van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Vlahos, P., Wallace, Douglas W. R., Wanninkhof, Rik H., Watson, Andrew J., Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Norwich] (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)-University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center [Oak Ridge] (CDIAC), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Ocean Acidification Research Center [Fairbanks] (OARC), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology (LMVI), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ocean Research Group, School of Marine Science and Technology, Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of chemistry and Biochemistry (DCB), Brigham Young University (BYU), Met Eireann, Forschungsbereich Marine Biogeochemie, Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), European Project: 264879,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,CARBOCHANGE(2011), European Project: 283080,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,GEOCARBON(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is an effort by the international marine carbon research community. It aims to improve access to carbon dioxide measurements in the surface oceans by regular releases of quality controlled and fully documented synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products. SOCAT version 2 presented here extends the data set for the global oceans and coastal seas by four years and has 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values from 2660 cruises between 1968 and 2011. The procedures for creating version 2 have been comparable to those for version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) provides access to the individual cruise data files, as well as to the synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Scientific users can also retrieve the data as downloadable files or via Ocean Data View. Version 2 enables carbon specialists to expand their studies until 2011. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longer-term variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled-climate carbon models.

Published
2013
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28. Impact of eddies on surface chlorophyll in the South Indian Ocean

Author

Dufois, Francois, Hardman-mountford, Nick J., Greenwood, Jim, Richardson, Anthony J., Feng, Ming, Herbette, Steven, Matear, Richard, Dufois, Francois, Hardman-mountford, Nick J., Greenwood, Jim, Richardson, Anthony J., Feng, Ming, Herbette, Steven, and Matear, Richard

Abstract

A unique feature of the subtropical South Indian Ocean is the existence of anticyclonic eddies that have higher chlorophyll concentrations than cyclonic eddies. Off Western Australia, this anomalous behavior is related to the seeding of anticyclonic eddies with shelf water enriched in phytoplankton biomass and nutrients. Further off-shore, two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the eddy/chlorophyll relationship: (i) eddies originating from the Australian coast maintain their chlorophyll anomaly while propagating westward; and (ii) eddy-induced Ekman upwelling (downwelling) enhances (dampens) nutrient supply in anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies. Here we describe the relationship between eddies and surface chlorophyll within the South Indian Ocean, and discuss possible mechanisms to explain the anomalous behavior in light of new analyses performed using satellite chlorophyll data. We show that anticyclonic eddies exhibit higher surface chlorophyll concentration than cyclonic eddies across the entire South Indian Ocean basin (from 20 to 28°S), particularly in winter. Using Self Organizing Maps we analyze the chlorophyll patterns within anticyclonic eddies and cyclonic eddies and highlight their complexity. Our analysis suggests that multiple mechanisms may underlie the observed eddy/chlorophyll relationship. Based on Argo float data, we postulate the relationship may be partly related to seasonal adjustment of the mixed layer depth within eddies. Deeper mixing in anticyclonic eddies is expected to enhance nutrient supply to the mixed layer, while shallower mixing in cyclonic eddies is expected to reduce it. This could explain why the observed winter surface chlorophyll bloom is stronger in anticyclonic eddies than in cyclonic eddies.

Published
2014
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