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27. Comparison of risk in organic, integrated and conventional cropping systems in eastern Norway

Author

Lien, Gudbrand, Flaten, Ola, Korsaeth, Audun, Schumann, Keith D, Richardson, James D, Eltun, Ragnar, and Hardaker, J B

Subjects
Cereals, pulses and oilseeds, Systems research and participatory research, Farm economics
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare risk of organic, integrated and conventional cropping systems. Experimental cropping system data (1991-1999) from eastern Norway were combined with farm budget data. Empirical distributions of net farm income for different cropping systems were estimated with a simulation model. The results show that the organic system had the greatest net farm income variability, but both the existing payment system and organic price premiums make it the most economically viable alternative.

Published
2006

28. Economic sustainability and risk efficiency of organic versus conventional cropping systems

Author

Lein, G, Hardaker, J B, Flaten, O, Atkinson, C, Ball, B, Davies, D H K, Rees, R, Russell, G, Stockdale, E A, Watson, C A, Walker, R, and Younie, D

Subjects
Environmental aspects, Social aspects, Farm economics
Abstract

Environmental, social and economic attributes are important for the sustainability of a farming system. Resilience is also important yet has seldom been directly considered in evaluations of economic sustainability. In economic terms, resilience has to do with the capacity of the farm business to survive various risks and other shocks. A whole-farm stochastic simulation model over a six-year planning horizon was used to analyse organic and conventional cropping systems using a model of a representative farm in Eastern Norway. The relative economic sustainability of alternative systems under changing assumptions about future technology and price regimes was examined in terms of financial survival to the end of the planning period. The same alternatives were also compared in terms of stochastic efficiency. The results illustrate possible confl icts between pursuit of risk efficiency and sustainability. The model developed could be useful in supporting farmers’ choices between farming systems as well as in helping policy makers to develop more sharply targeted policies.

Published
2006

29. Economic sustainability and risk efficiency of organic versus conventional cropping systems

Author

Atkinson, C, Ball, B, Davies, D H K, Rees, R, Russell, G, Stockdale, E A, Watson, C A, Walker, R, Younie, D, Lein, G, Hardaker, J B, Flaten, O, Atkinson, C, Ball, B, Davies, D H K, Rees, R, Russell, G, Stockdale, E A, Watson, C A, Walker, R, Younie, D, Lein, G, Hardaker, J B, and Flaten, O

Abstract

Environmental, social and economic attributes are important for the sustainability of a farming system. Resilience is also important yet has seldom been directly considered in evaluations of economic sustainability. In economic terms, resilience has to do with the capacity of the farm business to survive various risks and other shocks. A whole-farm stochastic simulation model over a six-year planning horizon was used to analyse organic and conventional cropping systems using a model of a representative farm in Eastern Norway. The relative economic sustainability of alternative systems under changing assumptions about future technology and price regimes was examined in terms of financial survival to the end of the planning period. The same alternatives were also compared in terms of stochastic efficiency. The results illustrate possible confl icts between pursuit of risk efficiency and sustainability. The model developed could be useful in supporting farmers’ choices between farming systems as well as in helping policy makers to develop more sharply targeted policies.

Published
2006

45. Book reviews

Author

Thornton, Robert, Meaney, N. K., Clark, Ian, Greville, P. J., Ryan, Paul, Hardaker, J. B., Burtt, D. K., Cranston, Frank, May, R. J., Hewison, Kevin, Lawrie, G. G., O'Malley, William, Blomberg, Charlotta, Schak, David, Verrier, J. R., Mediansky, F. A., Doyle, Ursula, Nation, John, and Aitkin, Don

Abstract

W. J. Hudson, Australia and the League of Nations. Sydney University Press in association with the Australian Institute of International Affairs, Sydney, 1980, pp. 224. $22.50.H. Kenway, H. J. W. Stokes and P. G. Edwards (eds), Documents on Australian Foreign Policy 1937-1949. Volume III, "January-June 1940". Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1979, pp. lvii + 579. $26.00.J. D. B. Miller, The World of States: Connected Essays. Croom Helm, London, 1981, pp. 179. £12.50.Robert O'Neill, Australia in the Korean War: Volume I: Strategy and Diplomacy. Australian War Memorial and Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1981, pp. xxi + 548. $27.50.Ian Downs, The Australian Trusteeship Papua New Guinea 1945-75. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1980, pp. xxiv + 587. $28.00.Kym Anderson and Aurelia George (eds), Australian Agriculture and Newly Industrializing Asia: Issues for Research. Australia-Japan Research Centre, Canberra, 1980, pp. xii + 462. $7.00.R. and A. Burnett (eds), Australia-New Zealand Economic Relations - Issues for the 1980s. ANU Press, Canberra, 1981, pp. 183. $12.00.T. B. Millar, The East-West Strategic Balance. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1981, pp. 199. $19.95 (cloth), $11.95 (paper).Karl W. Deutsch (ed.), Ecosocial Systems and Ecopolitics. A reader on human and social implications of environmental management in developing countries. UNESCO, Paris, 1977, pp. 368. No price given.Allan Schnaiberg, The Environment. From Surplus to Scarcity. Oxford University Press, New York, 1980, pp.464. $14.95.Gerald Foley with Charlotte Nassim, The Energy Question. Second edition. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1981, pp. 327. $6.95.R. M. M'Gonigle and Mark W. Zacher, Pollution, Politics, and International Law. Tankers at Sea. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1979, pp. xviii + 394. $22.50.J. E. S. Fawcett and Audrey Parry, Law and International Resource Conflicts. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981, pp. xiv + 254. £20.00.John L. S. Girling, Thailand, Society and Politics. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1981, pp. 306. $US24.50.Leung Chi-keung, J. W. Cushman, Wang Gungwu (eds), Hong Kong: Dilemmas of Growth. Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University and the Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1980, pp. 665. $12.Adam Malik, In the Service of the Republic. Gunung Agung, Singapore, 1980, pp.326. $S18.00.Donald L. Horowitz, Coup Theories and Officers Motives. Sri Lanka in Comparative Perspective. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1980, pp. xv + 240. $US21.00 (cloth), $US9.25 (paper).J. Bruce Jacobs, Local Politics in a Rural Chinese Cultural Setting: A Field Study of Mazu Township, Taiwan. Contemporary China Centre, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, 1980, pp. 247. $6.00.Frank Hardie and Irwin Herrman, Britain and Zion: The Fateful Entanglement. Blackstaff Press, Belfast, 1980, pp.x + 118. $7.95.L. G. Churchward, Australia And America 1788-1972: An Alternative History. Alternative Publishing Cooperative Limited, Sydney, 1979, pp.261.Angelika Volle, Aus - und Forthildung fur Internationale Tatigkeiten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Europa Union Verlag GMBH, Bonn, 1980, pp. 188. No price given.O. G. Roeder and Mahiddin Mahmud, compilers, Who's Who in Indonesia. Gunung Agung, Singapore, 1980, pp.428. $S30.00.Deryck Scarr, Viceroy of the Pacific. Pacific Research Monograph No. 4, Australian National University, Canberra, 1980, pp. 334. $9.00.Stein Rokkan (ed.), Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 12, 1977. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo; Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, pp. 288 $US22.00.

Published
1982
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47. BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF DEEP AND SHALLOW TUBEWELL PROJECTS IN THE TANGAIL DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH

Author

Miah, M. T. H. and Hardaker, J. B.

Subjects
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Abstract

This study examines the profitability of deep tubewell (DM and shallow tubewell (STW) projects in the Tangail District in Bangladesh from the viewpoints of participating farmers, managers and society. The appraisal is based on the actual rather than planned levels of utilisation. Only the direct/tangible benefits and costs of these projects are taken into account. Secondary and intangible benefits and costs together with flow-on effects are ignored. The general findings are that the DTW and STW projects are profitable from the viewpoints of participating farmers and managers, but unprofitable from the viewpoint of society. The results of sensitivity analyses reveal that the profitability of these projects is positively related to command areas.

Published
1988

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