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2. Test and Calibration of RF Circuits Using Built-in Non-intrusive Sensors

Author

Haralampos-S. Stratigopoulos, Martin Andraud, Emmanuel Simeu, Athanasios Dimakos, Salvador Mir, Louay Abdallah, Techniques de l'Informatique et de la Microélectronique pour l'Architecture des systèmes intégrés (TIMA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Torella, Lucie

Subjects
Very-large-scale integration, Engineering, business.industry, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Process (computing), Electrical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, RF probe, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Test (assessment), PACS 85.42, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Calibration, System on a chip, Radio frequency, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electronic circuit
Abstract

Testing the RF functions of mixed-signal Systems-on-Chip is responsible for a very large fraction of the overall test cost. In addition, RF circuits, when designed in the most advanced technologies (e.g. 65nm and beyond), typically require some calibration mechanisms so as to guarantee a high yield. Built-in test structures is a promising approach to facilitate test and calibration of RF circuits. However, tapping into RF signal paths may seriously degrade the performances and certainly necessitates co-designing the RF circuit together with the built-in test circuitry to meet the desired performance trade-off. This challenge finds the designers rather reluctant to adopt a built-in test approach. In this work, we develop a non-intrusive built-in test approach based on sensors that are totally transparent to the RF circuit. In particular, we show how performance deviations can be implicitly predicted by sensors that monitor process variations (e.g. Variation-aware sensors) and how defects can be detected by temperature sensors. In addition, we show that the variation-aware sensors can be used for calibrating the RF circuit in one-shot, that is, without requiring a test/calibration loop.

Published
2015

3. Multidrug resistance proteins and topoisomerase IIα expression in colon cancer: association with metastatic potential

Author

Panagiotis Davaris, Efstratios Patsouris, Haralampos S. Zorzos, Andreas C. Lazaris, Sofia Tseleni-Balafouta, Nikolaos V. Tsavaris, Penelope Korkolopoulou, and Nikolaos Kavantzas

Subjects
Adenoma, Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Topoisomerase iiα, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Colorectal cancer, medicine.medical_treatment, Perineural invasion, Adenocarcinoma, Biology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Antigens, Neoplasm, Internal medicine, Multidrug Resistance Proteins, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Stage (cooking), Aged, P-glycoprotein, Chemotherapy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Drug Resistance, Multiple, DNA-Binding Proteins, DNA Topoisomerases, Type II, Lymphatic Metastasis, Colonic Neoplasms, biology.protein, Immunohistochemistry, Female, Lymph Nodes, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins
Abstract

Summary Aims To investigate the role of multidrug resistance proteins and topoisomerase II α in colon cancer. Methods Tissue sections from 89 Dukes' stage B–D colon cancer patients were selected. The expression of multidrug resistance proteins and topoisomerase IIα in primary tumour cells was assessed by standard immunohistochemistry. The extent of their expression was measured by image analysis and was correlated with clinicopathological features of the patients. Results P-glycoprotein was associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis ( P =0.005), vessel invasion ( P =0.0001) and perineural invasion ( P =0.020). Conclusions P-glycoprotein is probably involved in the processes of local invasion and metastatic dissemination.

Published
2003

5. Center of Pressure Feedback Modulates the Entrainment of Voluntary Sway to the Motion of a Visual Target

Author

Haralampos Sotirakis, Vassilia Hatzitaki, Victor Munoz-Martel, Lida Mademli, and Adamantios Arampatzis

Subjects
posture, balance, weight shifting, target predictability, coherence, dynamic stability, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Visually guided weight shifting is widely employed in balance rehabilitation, but the underlying visuo-motor integration process leading to balance improvement is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of center of pressure (CoP) feedback on the entrainment of active voluntary sway to a moving visual target and on sway’s dynamic stability as a function of target predictability. Fifteen young and healthy adult volunteers (height 175 ± 7 cm, body mass 69 ± 12 kg, age 32 ± 5 years) tracked a vertically moving visual target by shifting their body weight antero-posteriorly under two target motion and feedback conditions, namely, predictable and less predictable target motion, with or without visual CoP feedback. Results revealed lower coherence, less gain, and longer phase lag when tracking the less predictable compared to the predictable target motion. Feedback did not affect CoP-target coherence, but feedback removal resulted in greater target overshooting and a shorter phase lag when tracking the less predictable target. These adaptations did not affect the dynamic stability of voluntary sway. It was concluded that CoP feedback improves spatial perception at the cost of time delays, particularly when tracking a less predictable moving target.

Published
2019
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7. Development of mucoadhesive 3D-printed Carbopol/Eudragit/SNAC tablets for the oral delivery of enoxaparin: In vitro and ex vivo evaluation.

Author

Chatzitaki AT, Patila M, Haralampos S, Vizirianakis IS, Rekka EA, Tzetzis D, Spyros A, Zacharis CK, Ritzoulis C, and Fatouros DG

Subjects
Caco-2 Cells, Humans, Administration, Oral, Acrylic Resins chemistry, Animals, Polymethacrylic Acids chemistry, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Male, Drug Delivery Systems methods, Adhesiveness, Permeability, Polyvinyls chemistry, Anticoagulants administration & dosage, Anticoagulants pharmacokinetics, Anticoagulants chemistry, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Drug Liberation, Tablets, Enoxaparin administration & dosage, Enoxaparin pharmacokinetics, Enoxaparin chemistry
Abstract

3D-printed dosage forms comprised of Carbopol and Eudragit were fabricated through semi-solid extrusion, combining Enoxaparin (Enox) and the permeation enhancer SNAC in a single-step process without subsequent post-processing. Inks were characterized using rheology and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The stability of Enox in the fabricated dosage forms was assessed by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) analysis. In vitro release studies revealed the release of Enox in a sustained manner, whereas ex vivo experiments demonstrated the mucoadhesive properties of the 3D-printed dosage forms and their ability to enhance Enox permeability across intestinal mucosa. Cellular assays (CCK-8 assay) revealed a dose- and time-dependent response following incubation with the 3D-printed dosage forms. The encapsulation of SNAC in the 3D-printed dosage forms demonstrated their capacity to increase the transcellularly transport of macromolecule across Caco-2 monolayer in a reversible manner, as confirmed by Transepithelial Resistance (TEER) measurements., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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