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Capital flight can cause challenges regarding the domestic availability of financial resources in sustaining domestic investment in Nigeria. The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between capital flight components and domestic investment in Nigeria. The study employed the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) to analyze the time series data for Nigeria spanning from 1981 to 2018. The study found that changes in external debt, current account balance, and foreign direct investments have a negative effect on domestic investments in the short run and long run. Furthermore, the results obtained show that the intercept has a positive effect on domestic investment. The long-run coefficient of current account balance has a positive effect, while the other components of capital flight – foreign direct investment, external reserves and external debt – have a negative effect on domestic investment. The error correction coefficient is significant and conforms to the a priori expectation. Hence, the study concludes that growth in domestic investment can be achieved by regulating the components of capital flight within the desirable limits. The study recommends that emphasis should be placed on the components of capital flight to stimulate domestic investment for economic growth.

A 75-year-old woman underwent L4-L5 lateral interbody fusion for L4-5 foraminal stenosis with the use of percutaneous pedicle screws. On the day after the surgery, she was in shock. Emergency contrast-enhanced CT showed active extravasation from the 4th lumbar artery with a transverse process fracture. A radiologist performed a successful transarterial embolization, and the patient then began walking training on the 4th day post-surgery. Close attention should be paid to the insertion of a percutaneous pedicle screw, as it may cause a lumbar artery injury; in such a case, transarterial embolization is the preferred treatment.

The importance of flexible working hours has become a common factor for employees and organizations, at a time when organizations adoption on human resources to do its competitive at the national level and global level, and the associated positive effects to support this attitude . flexible working hours and conditions as a key driver as to whether they choose to work for a company or not. This trait is particularly significant in Millennials who crave flexibility. Having a clear, open and honest flexible working policy can attract some great talent to your business. The aim of this study was to The extent of employees trend to benefit from flexible working hours in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic. studies carried out over the last 5 years show the opposite. They resoundingly point to flexible working hours as the indicator for increased productivity and motivation in the workplace.

Introduction: The majority of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the elbow occurs in the humeral capitellum in adolescence while OCD in the humeral trochlea is relatively rare. We report a rare case of OCD in the humeral trochlea, which underwent mosaic-type osteochondral autologous transplantation. Case Report: A 24-year-old man, who was a gymnastic athlete, complained of severe right elbow pain for 9 years. Image findings revealed a trochlear osteochondral defect with intra-articular loose body. Due to the large defect and duration of the disease, autologous osteochondral transplantation form femoral condyle was performed. Two years after surgery, the range of elbow motion was 0° in extension and 120° in flexion. He had no pain on his elbow. Conclusion: OCD in the humeral trochlea was treated with mosaic-type osteochondral autologous transplantation form femoral condyle. Despite the large trochlear defect, osteochondral transplantation yielded a satisfactory result and this treatment might be an option for treatment of trochlear OCD.

Internal fixation with intramedullary nails has gained popularity for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures, which are common injuries in older individuals. The most common complications are lag screws cut-out from the femoral head and femoral fracture at the distal tip of the nail. Herein, we report a rare complication of postoperative medial pelvic migration of the lag screw with no trauma. The patient was subsequently treated by lag screw removal via laparoscopy. This case suggests that optimal fracture reduction, adequate position of the lag screw, and careful attention to set screw insertion are important to prevent complications. Additionally, laparoscopic surgery might be able to remove the lag screw more safely than removal from the femoral side.

Objectives/Interrogation: The technical instruction leaflet for Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum (CCH) injection recommends a "2-3mm depth" of injection, however, there is little supporting evidence. We consider that CCH injection into the middle of the cord is optimal to avoid the[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)

This study propose a synergy of behavioral relationships in line with researchers observation that application of marketing theories in education services needs more strategic exploration. The cognitive behavior which is rational, the affective behavior which is often irrational and the action behavior that increases business performances through enhanced profits and reductions in marketing communications cost is the perspective of this conceptual study. These linkages will not only increase the influx of international students to a study destination but will also raise switching barrier and make the preferred destination unique in a competitive international education environment. The proposal is to make emerging education destination countries to gain competitive advantages through identification and differentiation of unique services for continuous survival. The model is based on relationship marketing targeted at steady and long term contractual involvement build on satisfaction and commitment.

The encroachment of marketing theories in to education services through up some research challenges resulted in different models. However, previous focuses were more on student’s satisfaction, leaving out retention which has been adjourned to save cost, energy and time than recruitment. Therefore, this study conceptualized an integrated frame work for loyalty study in international higher education from marketing perspective. The objective is to integrate variables applicable to situation of developing country sourcing international students from developing countries. The liberalization of education sector encouraged by globalization resulting from reduced government finances and economic gains attached to international education services gave rise to emerging education destinations. This study contributes to theory by proposing an integrated model for loyalty behavior in international education. Also contributes to practice by identifying variables that will encourage students to continue their study, re-enroll for next degree, recommend the country and speak well of the destination. Malaysia stands to gain from the prepositions and variables in this study. The study is limited by its very nature of being a conceptual study, thus empirical study is recommended.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X13021517, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 443(3), 2014, p.1014-1020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from various tissues and used for elucidating the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. In our previous in vitro study, we showed the existence of MSCs in human spinal ligaments and hypothesized that these MSCs contributed to the pathogenesis of ossification of spinal ligaments. The purpose of this study was to use immunohistochemical techniques to analyze the localization of MSCs in ossified human spinal ligaments in situ. Ossified (OLF) or non-ossified ligamentum flavum (non-OLF) samples from the thoracic vertebra were obtained from patients who had undergone posterior spinal surgery. Serial sections were prepared from paraffin-embedded samples, and double immunofluorescence staining was performed using antibodies against markers for MSCs (CD73, CD90 and CD105), endothelial cells (CD31), pericytes (α-smooth muscle actin), and chondrocytes (S100). Immunolocalization of MSCs was observed in the perivascular area and collagenous matrix in spinal ligaments. Markers for MSCs and pericytes were co-expressed in the perivascular area. Compared with non-OLF, OLF had a large amount of neovascularization in the fragmented ligament matrix, and a high accumulation of MSCs around blood vessels. The prevalence of MSCs in OLF within collagenous matrix was significantly higher than that in non-OLF. Chondrocytes near the ossification front in OLF also presented expression of MSC markers. MSCs may contribute to the ectopic ossification process of OLF through endochondral ossification., Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 436(4), 2013, p.698-704