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Sonochemistry under controlled conditions has proven effective in medicinal chemistry and drug development. It can substantially shorten reaction timelines from days or hours to minutes. A convenient one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives catalyzed by PTSA and benzenesulfonic acid in ethanol as solvent, under ultrasonic irradiation and without ultrasound irradiation at 50° C has been achieved successfully. These 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives synthesis were also accomplished using different solvents viz., Methanol, Ethanol, DCM, DMF, Acetonitrile and THF and PTSA as the catalyst. This method yielded the highest % synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives with PTSA as the catalyst in solvent ethanol. These reactions were also optimized for % of PTSA catalyst required to obtain the maximum yield of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives with and without ultrasound irradiation at 50° C. Synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted Imidazole derivatives reaction follows first-order rate kinetics while that of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted Imidazole derivatives reaction follows the second-order rate kinetics. Furthermore, sonochemistry has higher yields, lower cost, easier workups, and higher purity than conventional thermal organic synthesis, which has lower yields, tedious workups, longer reaction periods, lower purity, and numerous byproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing D6-Molnupiravir as a reference standard, a simple, rapid, accurate, effective, and repeatable LC-MS/MS approach was devised for the quantitative measurement of molnupiravir (MNR). The paper reviewed the latest developments in bioanalytical LC-MS/MS techniques employing a 150 x 4.6 mm, 3.5 column used for isocratic elution at ambient temperature. Methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN) were employed as the mobile phase at a ratio of 60:40 with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The insertion rate was 10 µl with a runtime of 4 minutes. MNR's retention time was 2.026, and the overall runtime for the separation process was 4.0 min. For MNR, the technique has been tested above a dynamically specified range of 12.50-100 ng/mL with a regression coefficient of 0.999. Outcomes for accuracy, recovery, stability, precision, matrix effect and recovery were reported to fall within acceptable limits. A quick and effective approach for observing the examined sample in bodily fluids was created in pharmacokinetic investigations. The approach indicates that every system suitability parameter, including accuracy, specificity, and linearity, is successfully utilized for pharmacokinetics research in rats and is in excellent accordance with USFDA requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed with an aim to develop and optimize naproxen proniosomes (NAPRNs) using Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The formulation was optimized using three independent variables [maltodextrin (X1), surfactant concentration (X2) and drug concentration (X3)] at three different levels (low, medium and high). The prepared fifteen formulations were evaluated for drug entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and transdermal flux to select the optimized naproxen niosomes (NAPRNopt). The developed NAPRNs formulations showed the nano-size vesicle (218–417 nm) and high encapsulation efficiency (60.48–92.48%) with high flux value (23.17–27.37 µg/cm2/h). The formulation NAPRNopt has shown the vesicle size of 376.12 ± 4.12 nm with entrapment efficiency 86.43 ± 3.63% and transdermal flux of 27.56 ± 1.43 µg/cm2/h. The SEM study revealed the formulation NAPRNopt showed irregular surface morphology of niosomes. The formulation NAPRNopt gel showed biphasic release behaviour as an initial fast release and later slower release with the Higuchi release mechanism. The anti-inflammatory study results showed a better effect than the standard NAP gel in the rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous reviews of the works on magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia induced treatment concentrated mostly on magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) employing monometallic/metal oxide nanocomposites. In the literature, the word "hyperthermia" was also limited to the use of heat for medicinal purposes. A number of publications have recently been published demonstrating that magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia may produce restricted high temperatures, resulting in the release of medicines that are either connected to the magnetic nanoparticles or encased in polymer matrices. In this debate, we propose broadening the concept of "hyperthermia" to encompass temperature-based treatment as well as magnetically controlled medication delivery. The review also addresses core-shell magnetic nanomaterials, particularly nanoshells made by stacked assembly, for the use of hyperthermia-based treatment and precise administration of drugs. The primary objective of this review article is to demonstrate how the combination of hyperthermia-induced therapy and 'on demand' drug release models may lead to effective applications in personalized medicine., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)