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The phagocyte oxidase 47 (P47Phox) is produced by the NCF1 gene which is located on chromosome 7. The P47 Phox forms an important component of the NADPH oxidase complex enzyme which leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NCF1 gene exists in two versions, one is a wild type gene with GTGT at the start of exon 2. The other is a pseudogene and it has its GT deletion at the start of exon2 which leads to passive production of ROS. The role of ROS in malaria was studied through the restriction enzymeGeobacillus stearothermophilus GR75 (BsrG1) found in the NCF1 gene. This enzyme digests only the pseudogene and has no impact on the wild type gene. The comparison of 88 malarial patients with 100 healthy individuals proves that there was no association of NCF1 gene with malaria because the P value was greater than 0.05. Background: Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease which is caused by a eukaryotic protist of the genus Plasmodium. The most fatal form of the disease is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1), also known as p47 phox, is an important subunit of NADPH oxidase which plays a role in the production of ROS. The forming of ROS is a pivotal component of innate immunity against parasitic and bacterial infection. Aim: The aim of study was to find out that whether the NCF1 gene and ROS had a role in malaria. Method: Samples from 88 malarial patients and 100 healthy individuals were processed with the restriction enzyme BsrGI. Conclusion: It was found that the NCF1 gene and ROS have no association with malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effect of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on healing of chronic wounds. Design: Prospective open study. Setting: 1 cancer hospital and 2 University hospitals, Pakistan. Subjects: 35 patients with chronic wounds (duration 3 months or longer) that had not responded to standard treatment. Patients with malignant ulcers were excluded. Intervention: GM-CSF 10 μg/cm[sup 2] was injected subcutaneously along the edges and base of the wound. The treatment was given only once and patients were followed weekly for a minimum of six weeks. Main outcome measures: Changes in size, shape, depth, edges and base of the wound, amount and quality of the granulation tissue, and type of discharge. Results: Six patients were excluded from the analysis, 4 who died early of underlying disease and were not evaluable, and 2 who were excluded when histological examination of the wound showed that it was malignant. Although various types of wounds were studied, most (n = 10, 34%) were postoperative. 23 of the wounds were over 2 cm in diameter (mean 4.8 × 4.6 cm) with thin granulation tissue, and almost half were infected. Nine of the 29 wounds healed completely within six weeks while another 11 decreased in size by more than 50%; 7 patients responded slightly. Only two wounds showed no evidence of healing during the observation period. More than half of the 20 wounds that responded had healed by three weeks. Response did not correlate with any clinical variable including the presence of infection. Toxicity was negligible. Conclusions: We conclude that subcutaneous injection of a single dose of GM-CSF may induce healing in refractory chronic wounds. Trials are necessary to validate these initial observations and to decide the optimal dose and route, and whether any additional benefit may be derived from repeated injections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ran-binding protein in the microtubule-organizing center (RanBPM) is an evolutionarily conserved, nucleocytoplasmic scaffolding protein involved in various cellular processes and several signal transduction pathways. RanBPM has a crucial role in mediating disease pathology by interacting with diverse proteins to regulate their functions. Previously, we compiled diverse cellular functions of RanBPM. Since then the functions of RanBPM have increased exponentially. In this article, we have updated the functions of RanBPM through its manifold interactions that have been investigated to date, according to their roles in protein stability, transcriptional activity, cellular development, neurobiology, and the cell cycle. Our review provides a complete guide on RanBPM interactors, the physiological role of RanBPM in cellular functions, and potential applications in disease therapeutics.