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To evaluate AI biases and errors in estimating bone age (BA) by comparing AI and radiologists' clinical determinations of BA.We established three deep learning models from a Chinese private dataset (CHNm), an American public dataset (USAm), and a joint dataset combining the above two datasets (JOIm). The test data CHNt (n = 1246) were labeled by ten senior pediatric radiologists. The effects of data site differences, interpretation bias, and interobserver variability on BA assessment were evaluated. The differences between the AI models' and radiologists' clinical determinations of BA (normal, advanced, and delayed BA groups by using the Brush data) were evaluated by the chi-square test and Kappa values. The heatmaps of CHNm-CHNt were generated by using Grad-CAM.We obtained an MAD value of 0.42 years on CHNm-CHNt; this result indicated an appropriate accuracy for the whole group but did not indicate an accurate estimation of individual BA because with a kappa value of 0.714, the agreement between AI and human clinical determinations of BA was significantly different. The features of the heatmaps were not fully consistent with the human vision on the X-ray films. Variable performance in BA estimation by different AI models and the disagreement between AI and radiologists' clinical determinations of BA may be caused by data biases, including patients' sex and age, institutions, and radiologists.The deep learning models outperform external validation in predicting BA on both internal and joint datasets. However, the biases and errors in the models' clinical determinations of child development should be carefully considered.• With a kappa value of 0.714, clinical determinations of bone age by using AI did not accord well with clinical determinations by radiologists. • Several biases, including patients' sex and age, institutions, and radiologists, may cause variable performance by AI bone age models and disagreement between AI and radiologists' clinical determinations of bone age. • AI heatmaps of bone age were not fully consistent with human vision on X-ray films.

The effect law of deformation and failure of a jointed rock mass is essential for underground engineering safety and stability evaluation. In order to study the evolution mechanism and precursory characteristics of instability and failure of jointed rock masses, uniaxial compression and acoustic emission (AE) tests are conducted on sandstones with different joint dip angles. To simulate the mechanical behavior of the rock, a jointed rock mass damage constitutive model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on damage mechanics theory and taking into account the effect of rock mass structure and load coupling. To quantify the mechanism of rock instability, a cusp catastrophe model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on catastrophe theory. The results indicate that when the joint dip angle increases from 0° to 90°, the failure mechanism of sandstone shifts from tensile to shear, with 45° being the critical failure mode. Sandstone's compressive strength reduces initially and subsequently increases, resulting in a U-shaped distribution. The developed damage constitutive model's theoretical curve closely matches the test curve, indicating that the model can reasonably describe the damage evolution of sandstone. The cusp catastrophe model has a high forecast accuracy, and when combined with the damage constitutive model, the prediction accuracy can be increased further. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the safety and stability evaluation of underground engineering.

The design of MOF-based micromotors (MOFtors) is still challenging and with limited approaches, especially for the MOF nanoparticles (NPs). Herein, we report a universal and straightforward strategy to efficiently self-assembly MOF NPs into robust MOFtors for enhanced organic- or heavy-metal-ion-contaminants remediation without mechanical stirring. Based on the transient Pickering emulsion method, Fe

BACKGROUND: Acute bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus is the worst consequence of brain damage caused by the elevation of total unbound serum bilirubin (TSB) in neonates. The present study aimed to visualize the characteristic brain regions of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (HB) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and to measure the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study, which included newborns with HB who were hospitalized at the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University. The control group included neonates admitted with neonatal simple wet lung or pneumonia without neurological disease or brain injury. Newborns were divided into a severe hyperbilirubinemia group (SHB), moderate HB group, and control group based on TSB levels. The newborns completed routine MRI combined with fMRI scans and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) during their hospitalization. RESULTS: A total of 251 newborns were included in this study. There were 45 patients in the SHB group, 65 in the HB group, and 141 in the control group. The average ALFF value in the basal ganglia region in the SHB group was the highest, which was greater than that in the HB and control groups (P

The Co3O4@CdS double-layered hollow spheres were first prepared by the template-removal method with the assistance of the ZIF-67 material; the structure has been proved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Co3O4@CdS hollow spheres calcinated at 400 °C exhibited the highest photodegradation activity. Nearly 90% phenol was degraded after 2 h of visible-light irradiation. More than 80% rhodamine-B (RhB) was degraded within the first 30 min and nearly eliminated after 1 h of irradiation. The mechanism of the photodegradation reaction was investigated. Based on the analysis of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra and radical trapping test, it was found that superoxide radicals are the major oxidative species for dye degradation and holes and hydroxyl radicals are the major oxidative species for phenol degradation. These results may be used in industrial wastewater treatment. The reaction obeys first-order reaction kinetics, and the rate constant of the Co3O4@CdS hollow sphere in dye degradation is 0.05 min–1 and that in phenol degradation is 0.02 min–1, which is three times higher than that of CdS nanoparticles. These results indicated the high oxidizing ability of the samples.

BACKGROUND: The manipulation of aeration and biofilm thickness remain two key factors for membrane aerated biofilm. A composite membrane aerated biofilm (CMAB) reactor coated with microorganisms embedded in hydrogel was developed to quantitatively control the biofilm thickness by introducing the microbial immobilization technique. RESULTS: Results show that the thin gel film exhibited high dispersion coefficients of oxygen and substrates, and the crosslinking solution of sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) contributed to the highest specific ammonium‐nitrogen (NH₄⁺‐N) removal rate of 615.33 mg/(gVSS d) with respect to partial nitrification. Correspondingly, the microbial activity of this thin gel film was also the strongest. Therefore, with the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, the gel thickness and air pressure co‐determined its efficiency. The optimum biofilm thickness and air pressure was 0.1 mm and 1 kPa, respectively, achieving the nitrogen removal rate of 1594.95 mg/(gVSS d). Furthermore, two abundant denitrifiers of Rhizobium and Thauera dominated the bacterial community of all four samples, and their proportion varied according to the aeration condition. Nitrosomonas tended to enrich in the thin CMAB under low air pressure and few Nitrospira existed. CONCLUSION: The thickness of developed CMAB can be quantitatively controlled, and the precise regulation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification might be achieved by adjusting the gel film thickness and air pressure. The CMAB is supposed to greatly facilitate the application of membrane aerated biofilm for nitrogen removal. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

A little nicotine in tobacco leaf is non-ionized, which is also known as free-base nicotine (FBN). The dynamic equation existed between FBN and ionized nicotine can easily change with water content, temperature and pH value. In this study, a method of the direct quantitative analysis for FBN in tobacco leaf by using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction, combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, was developed. The optimum conditions for analysis method, including sample forms, SPME fiber type, pre-equilibrium temperature, pre-equilibrium time, extraction temperature and extraction time, were investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of the method was 1 mg/mL–100 mg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9977 and a detection limit of 0.84 μg/g, the repeatability (expressed as relative standard deviation) was 3.35 %, and the recovery of this method was between 99.56 % and 99.80 %. The uncertainty budget was finally done according to the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement,” and the relative expanded uncertainty was 7.1 % with coverage factor k = 2. This method may be reliable and convenient for tobacco control.

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is a process for patterning functional materials based on the digital 3D model. A bioink that contains cells, growth factors, and biomaterials are utilized for assisting cells to develop into tissues and organs. As a promising technique in regenerative medicine, many kinds of bioprinting platforms have been utilized, including extrusion-based bioprinting, inkjet bioprinting, and laser-based bioprinting. Laser-based bioprinting, a kind of bioprinting technology using the laser as the energy source, has advantages over other methods. Compared with inkjet bioprinting and extrusion-based bioprinting, laser-based bioprinting is nozzle-free, which makes it a valid tool that can adapt to the viscosity of the bioink; the cell viability is also improved because of elimination of nozzle, which could cause cell damage when the bioinks flow through a nozzle. Accurate tuning of the laser source and bioink may provide a higher resolution for reconstruction of tissue that may be transplanted used as an in vitro disease model. Here, we introduce the mechanism of this technology and the essential factors in the process of laser-based bioprinting. Then, the most potential applications are listed, including tissue engineering and cancer models. Finally, we present the challenges and opportunities faced by laser-based bioprinting.

Due to their high spatial resolution, thin-section magnetic resonance (MR) images serve as ideal medical images for brain structure investigation and brain surgery navigation. However, compared with the clinically widely used thick-section MR images, thin-section MR images are less available due to the imaging cost. Thin-section MR images of infants are even scarcer but are quite valuable for the study of human brain development. Therefore, we propose a method for the reconstruction of thin-section MR images from thick-section images. A two-stage reconstruction framework based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to reconstruct thin-section MR images from thick-section images in the axial and sagittal planes. A 3D-Y-Net-GAN is first proposed to fuse MR images from the axial and sagittal planes and to achieve the first-stage thin-section reconstruction. A 3D-DenseU-Net followed by a stack of enhanced residual blocks is then proposed to provide further detail recalibrations and structural corrections in the sagittal plane. In this method, a comprehensive loss function is also proposed to help the networks capture more structural details. The reconstruction performance of the proposed method is compared with bicubic interpolation, sparse representation, and 3D-SRU-Net. Cross-validation based on 35 cases and independent testing based on two datasets with totally 114 cases reveal that, compared with the other three methods, the proposed method provides an average 23.5% improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), 90.5% improvement in structural similarity (SSIM), and 21.5% improvement in normalized mutual information (NMI). The quantitative evaluation and visual inspection demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms those methods by reconstructing more realistic results with better structural details.

According to quantum size effect and interface defects theory, the phase-modificate defects engineering photocatalyst MoS2/CdS-1/CdS-2 with smaller lattice mismatch degree was successfully designed...

Objective To introduce the application of robot-assisted frameless stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) based on multimodal image fusion technology in pediatric refractory epilepsy in a pediatric center from a developing country. Methods We retrospectively evaluated pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent SEEG monitoring at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from July 2014 to August 2017. Application of multimodal image fusion technology in SEEG was described in detail. Seizure outcomes were assessed according to the International League Against Epilepsy classification. Results A total of 208 patients were initially eligible and underwent a rigorous phase I evaluation. SEEG explorations were performed in 20 patients who entered phase II assessment (11 male and 9 female patients) with a median age of 7.99 ± 4.07 years. In total, 181 electrodes were implanted (9 per implantation), among which 16 implantations were unilateral (6 left and 10 right) and 4 were bilateral. The mean operating time was 3 hours and no obvious hemorrhage occurred. Electrode displacement and pneumocephalus were observed in 1 and 2 patients, respectively. Thirteen and 7 patients underwent tailored resection and radiofrequency thermocoagulation, respectively. Among resection cases, focal cortical dysplasia was the predominant pathologic type. The overall seizure outcome after a mean follow-up of 2.65 years was International League Against Epilepsy class 1 in 13, class 2 in 2, class 3 in 3, class 4 in 1, and class 5 in 1 patient, respectively. Conclusions The combination of multimodal image fusion and frameless robot-assisted SEEG is demonstrated to be safe and effective on children with refractory epilepsy in developing countries.

Recently, shale gas resource has been developed beneficially on a large scale in China. More than 400 shale gas horizontal wells have been drilled in south Sichuan since 2014. However, with the increasing buried depth of target stratum and the extension of horizontal intervals of shale-gas horizontal wells, the development of Chinese shale gas is becoming more and more difficult. Over the past four years, some wellbore instability related issues–stuck pipe and rotary steering system fish downhole occured during drilling the shale gas wells. The reason is particularly analyzed based on the drilling performance data of these horizontal wells, which will offer the establishment of general practice guidelines and recognition of opportunities for improvement in south Sichuan shale drilling. Oil-based drilling fluid (OBM) is a typical drilling fluid type currently used in the south Sichuan shale play. However, water-based mud (WBM) has also been used in more than 60 wells since 2015. It is analyzed the drilling performances of over four hundred horizontal south Sichuan shale wells drilled by 14 operators from 2014 to 2018, including overall drilling days, well depth, lateral length, as well as fish rotary steering systems. A comparative analysis is also made among different drilling fluid types of different operators to assess their performances and to identify the key challenges when drilling south Sichuan shale. The analyses contained formation characteristics, mud chemistry, mud rheological property, plugging property, solid content, stability, density and chloride and so on. Then, lots of experiments are carried out to solve the problems of borehole stability and hole cleaning. The analysis shows that the drilled well depth and the horizontal length are getting bigger and bigger. The overall performance of WBMs lags behind that of OBMs in south Sichuan shale drilling. Most fish RSS happened when the operations of back reaming, pick up stands and trip-out were carried out. The lost circulation nearly covered all the well sections. These issues lead to excessive amounts of time spent on costly fishing, sidetracking, plugging operations and the long drilling days. The performances of oil-based drilling fluids of different operating companies were quite different. Lab test results show that shale formation is more complex than before. With the increase of well depth, the clay minerals decreased and brittle minerals raised. The natural fractured formation increases and the drillable "sweet" layer thins. The main mechanics of shale instable is the strong capillarity on amphiphilic shale surface causes the invasion of fluid into formation, then leads the fracturing and de-lamination along the bedding planes and enlargement of natural fractures. It is effective to control the harmful low-density solid for improving the performance of OBM. The suitableφ6 value of OBM and a big delivery capacity will work in hole cleaning while drilling lateral sections. A nanoscale polymer was developed in lab to improve the plugging effect significantly after adding in OBM. An amphiphobic material was used to transform the wettability of shale, which was favorable for borehole stability. The analyses and results of this study on drilling performance data provide lessons learned and general guidelines for current drilling practices such as drilling fluid selections and mud property control in the south Sichuan shale gas of China.

Thin-section magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide higher resolution anatomical structures and more precise clinical information than thick-section images. However, thin-section MRI is not always available due to the imaging cost issue. In multicenter retrospective studies, a large number of data are often in thick-section manner with different section thickness. The lack of thin-section data and the difference in section thickness bring considerable difficulties in the study based on the image big data. In this article, we introduce DeepVolume, a two-step deep learning architecture to address the challenge of accurate thin-section MR image reconstruction. The first stage is the brain structure-aware network, in which the thick-section MR images in axial and sagittal planes are fused by a multitask 3-D U-net with prior knowledge of brain volume segmentation, which encourages the reconstruction result to have correct brain structure. The second stage is the spatial connection-aware network, in which the preliminary reconstruction results are adjusted slice-by-slice by a recurrent convolutional network embedding convolutional long short-term memory (LSTM) block, which enhances the precision of the reconstruction by utilizing the previously unassessed sagittal information. We used 305 paired brain MRI samples with thickness of 1.0 mm and 6.5 mm in this article. Extensive experiments illustrate that DeepVolume can produce the state-of-the-art reconstruction results by embedding more anatomical knowledge. Furthermore, considering DeepVolume as an intermediate step, the practical and clinical value of our method is validated by applying the brain volume estimation and voxel-based morphometry. The results show that DeepVolume can provide much more reliable brain volume estimation in the normalized space based on the thick-section MR images compared with the traditional solutions.

The purification of tellurium (Te) has received considerable attention as the cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic modules have become one of the lowest-cost products of solar electricity. An optimum tellurium (Te) purification process consists impurity separation, electrodeposition, and ultrasonic cleaning was proposed first time for preparing 99.99% (4N) purity of Te from alkaline leaching solution which contains high level impurities. The main metallic impurities copper (Cu), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and bismuth (Bi) were effectively separated from the solution by adding appropriate quantity of sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S·9H2O) before electrodeposition. The impurities arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) were further removed by ultrasonic cleaning. Under the optimum process, 4N-Te powder was prepared, meanwhile, the impurity contents of Cu, Se, As, Pb, Fe, Bi, magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in the Te product all met the 4N-Te standard, along with the impurity contents of As and Se in the Te product were lower than 2 ppm after ultrasonic cleaning. The chemical composition of the Te product was identified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of Te on the titanium (Ti) plate in the alkaline leaching solution was studied by linear sweep voltammogram (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry (CP). The morphology, structure and purity of Te product were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-rays (EDX). 4N-Te product with hexagonal single crystal structure was obtained by the optimum Te purification process based on electrodeposition method.

Objective: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common form of autoimmune encephalitis in pediatric patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis in China. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of children (age range: 0-18 years) with anti-NMDAR encephalitis treated at Children's Hospital of Fudan University between July 2015 and November 2018. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed. Results: Thirty-four patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were enrolled (age range: 5 months to 14 years; median age: 7 years; female: 18). The median follow- up duration was 20 months (range: 6-39 months). Eighteen (52.9%) patients initially presented with seizures and 10 (29.4%) with abnormal (psychiatric) behaviors or cognitive dysfunction. Thirty (88.2%) patients exhibited more than two symptoms during the disease course. No neoplasms were detected. Twelve (35.2%) patients had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, including leukocytosis, and increased protein concentration. Eighteen (52.9%) patients exhibited normal brain MRI findings. Electroencephalography revealed abnormal background activity in 27 (79.4%) patients, and epileptiform discharges in 16 (47.0%) patients prior to immunotherapy. All patients received first-line immunotherapy, with 30 (88.2%) and four (11.8%) patients achieving good (Modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0-2) and poor outcomes (mRS score of 3-5), respectively. Initial mRS scores differed significantly between the good and poor outcome groups. Fourteen out of 18 patients (77.7%) with seizures accepted anti-epileptic drug (AED) administration, and seizure freedom was achieved in 12 out of 14 (85.7%) patients at the last follow-up. Ten of these 12 (83.3%) patients withdrew from AED treatment within 1 year. Conclusions: Most patients achieved seizure freedom, so long-term use of AEDs may not be necessary for pediatric patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Among our patients, 83.3% were sensitive to first-line immunotherapy and achieved good outcomes. Higher mRS scores before immunotherapy predicted poor outcomes, highlighting the need for a comprehensive assessment of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

In study, we proposed a simple yet fast optical sensing motif based on thimbleful of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) infiltrated photonic crystal (PC), which allows for high efficiency in vapor sensing through changes in their inter-layer space. Linear response to a broad dynamic range of vapor concentration was realized. Ultrafast response time (

The nano-on-micro heterostructure photocatalyst BiOI-MoS2/CdS was synthesized through facile in-situ hydrothermal and solvothermal growth methods. The heterostructures formed between BiOI, MoS2 and CdS realized a step-wise electron transfer process, thus reducing the charge recombination effectively. The light absorption range of the composite was expanded with the incorporation of BiOI. The specimen acts out a state-of-the-art hydrogen evolution of 14000 μmol/g/h under visible light (λ > 420 nm), which was far exceeding MoS2/CdS (460 μmol/g/h) by a factor of 30. BiOI is firstly applied to promote photocatalytic water splitting into hydrogen. What's more, the cost of photocatalytic water splitting into hydrogen will be greatly reduced by replacing noble metal cocatalyst with MoS2. The opportunities for developing low-cost efficient photocatalysts for water splitting may be opened because of this discovery.

Apple-derived porous carbon (denoted as APC) is successfully prepared and analyzed as a potential carbon material by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis, which exhibits a high specific surface area and porous structure. Furthermore, nickel–cobalt double hydroxide (Ni–Co DH) is synthesized by design of hybrid nanowires on APC for supercapacitors via a simple hydrothermal process. The fabricated electrode produces a capacitance of 1519 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and 90.2% of the capacitance is retained after 2000 cycles at a high current density. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is assembled using the Ni–Co DH@APC as the positive electrode and active carbon as the negative electrode. The ASC exhibits a prominent energy density of 61.2 Wh kg−1 and high power density of 14,400 W kg−1 at 5 A g−1. The desirable electrochemical performance can be attributed to the suitability of APC as a support and the Ni–Co nanostructure constructed on the surface of APC as an effective active material for high-energy and long-life cycling supercapacitor applications. The fabricated composite provides a potential design of low-cost functional carbon materials that can be produced in large scale by using biomass as starting materials.

A three-dimensional (3D) inverse opal with periodic and porous structures has shown great potential for applications not only in optics and optoelectronics, but also in functional membranes. In this work, the benzaldehyde group was initially introduced into a 3D nanoporous inverse opal, serving as a platform for fabricating functional membranes. By employing the dynamic covalent approach, a highly controllable gating system was facilely fabricated to achieve modulable and reversible transport features. It was found that the physical/chemical properties and pore size of the gating system could easily be regulated through post-modification with amines. As a demonstration, the gated nanopores were modified with three kinds of amines to control the wettability, surface charge and nanopore size which in turn was exploited to achieve selective mass transport, including hydrophobic molecules, cations and anions, and the transport with respect to the physical steric hindrance. In particular, the gating system showed extraordinary reversibility and could recover to its pristine state by simply changing pH values. Due to the unlimited variety provided by the Schiff base reaction, the inverse opal described here exhibits a significant extendibility and could be easily post-modified with stimuli-responsive molecules for special purposes. Furthermore, this work can be extended to employ other dynamic covalent routes, for example Diels-Alder, ester exchange and disulfide exchange-based routes.

A novel three-dimensional (3D) electrocatalyst composite was successfully prepared through a facile hydrothermal method, consisting of tungsten nitride nanosheets with flower-like morphology (WN FNs) and nitrogen-doped carbon black (N–C). Highly crystalline WN FNs were observed to be uniformly distributed in N–C, and remarkably promoted the catalytic activities toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of the N–C. Moreover, the electrochemical results proved that, WN FNs/N–C composite shows a significantly higher ORR activity with a 4-electron transfer pathway and limiting current density of 5.8 mA cm−2 in alkaline solutions. The stability test of the nanocomposite showed less degradation after 5 h and its methanol tolerance also was enhanced compared with Pt/C. The improved performance of the WN FNs/N–C composite can be attributed to its unique configuration and the increased exposure of active sites, which suggests that it could serve as an ideal candidate for developing high performance ORR catalysts.

SHANK3 deficiency represents one of the most replicated monogenic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and SHANK3 caused ASD presents a unique opportunity to understand the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of ASD. In this study, genetic tests, comprehensive clinical and neurobehavioral evaluations, as well as multimodal structural MRI using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were conducted in SHANK3 group (N = 14 with SHANK3 defects), ASD controls (N = 26 with idiopathic ASD without SHANK3 defects) and typically developing (TD) controls (N = 32). Phenotypically, we reported several new features in Chinese SHANK3 deficient children including anteverted nares, sensory stimulation seeking, dental abnormalities and hematological problems. In SHANK3 group, VBM revealed decreased grey matter volumes mainly in dorsal striatum, amygdala, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus; TBSS demonstrated decreased fractional anisotropy in multiple tracts involving projection, association and commissural fibers, including middle cerebral peduncle, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, corona radiata, external and internal capsule, and posterior thalamic radiation, etc. We report that the disrupted striatum centered brain structures are associated with SHANK3 deficient children. Study of subjects with monogenic cause offer specific insights into the neuroimaging studies of ASD. The discovery may support a path for future functional connectivity studies to allow for more in-depth understandings of the abnormal neural circuits and the underlying neuropathological mechanisms for ASD.

A Z-scheme BiVO4/CdS hollow sphere was prepared by a simple yet effective design. According to the morphology of the composite, the photo-generated carriers were spatially separated due to the well-designed structure and bandgap alignment. The highest HER activity reached 4.2 mmol·g−1·h−1 which is 105 and 1.75 folds of CdS nanoparticles and CdS/Pt nnanoparticles, respectively. The samples were investigated by TEM, XRD, XPS, UV–vis spectrum and BET. The band structure of BiVO4/CdS heterojunction was discussed.

In this paper, a programmable dynamic simulation interface (PDSI)-based online fault configuration approach of network simulation is proposed to dynamically set link fault as well as route fault in the case of joint power grid simulation. The proposed approach allows the user to dynamically configure the fault situations of communication network via a graphical user interface (GUI) during the simulation process. When QualNet receives the configuration messages from GUI, it will parse the messages and push the corresponding events into the event queue to close the link port or rewriting the routing tables, which is utilized to formulate the link fault or the route fault. Experiment results demonstrate that based on the proposed approach the fault configuration of communication network can be successfully performed with an acceptable compromise at interface interaction delay.

The iodine doped α-Fe2O3 hollow spheres combined with Co3O4 were firstly prepared by a two-step method. The catalysts with the structure of p-Co3O4/n-I-Fe2O3 HS exhibited excellent photo-degradation activity under visible irradiation. More than 94% RhB was degraded within 10 min, the reaction rate constant was calculated to 0.303 min−1 which was 10.7 times higher than pure Fe2O3 particles. The iodine doping decreased the surface electron impedance and enhanced the separation of photo-induced carriers. The formation of hollow spheres increased the specific surface area of the catalysts as expected. The p-n junction further promoted carriers separation and the Fenton reaction.

Anode slime and its processing residue contains a variety of valuable elements, which are the main source of tellurium and bismuth. A systematic study on the extraction of tellurium and bismuth from processing residue of zinc anode slime and electrodeposition to obtain high purity bismuth was carried out. Sulfation roasting thermodynamics, leaching thermodynamics, and reduction potential involved in the extraction were calculated and used as theoretical guidance for the experiment. In the process of extracting tellurium and bismuth: the minimum amount of sulfuric acid and the appropriate low temperature of sulfation roasting conditions for processing residue of zinc anode slime are explained that the ratio of sulfuric acid to anode slime was 0.54:1, and the temperature was 435 °C. The leaching process of the roasting product was optimized. The optimal water leaching conditions were a liquid to solid ratio of 6:1 and a reaction time of 0.5 h at 25 °C. The optimal alkali leaching condition is 10% NaOH liquid to solid ratio of 6:1 and reaction time of 0.5 h at 25 °C. Tellurium and bismuth were separated, and tellurium was enriched from a low content of anode slime raw materials. The recovery rate of tellurium and bismuth were 84.9% and 97.1%, respectively. The reduced deposition process of bismuth ions on the cathode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry in the nitric acid. In the stable deposition state, electrodeposition overpotential of the bismuth ion on the titanium plate was 0.1068 V. Tributyl phosphate (TBP) was used as extraction solvent and nitric acid solution was used as stripping solution to purify the impurities in the basic bismuth sulfate. After extraction process, the removal rates of tellurium (Te), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and antimony (Sb) were 96.5%, 93.3%, 99.1% and 100%, respectively. The content of other impurity elements also reduced greatly. The electrical separation process further reduced the content of impurities in the electrolyte, in which the concentration of tellurium was reduced to less than 1 ppm. A standard-compliant high purity elemental bismuth was obtained by electrodeposition from purified electrolyte.