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Objective: To analyze the clinical and laboratory features of patients with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) and its differential diagnosis with acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Methods: From January 2009 to December 2018, patients with ATIN or ATN confirmed by renal biopsy in the Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital ，Shanghai Jiao Tong Universtiy School of Medicine were included. The clinical manifestations and laboratory examination data were collected and analyzed comparatively. Results: During the period, there were 5 537 patients receiving renal biopsy,inclu-ding 135 ATIN cases [2.4% (135/5 537)] and 109 ATN [2.0%(109/5 537)].ATIN accounted for 21.4% (135/630) of the acute kidney disease (AKD) patients. The median age of ATIN patients was 53 years old and the female proportion was 57.0%. Main clinical manifestations of ATIN included fever, rash and arthralgia. Infection, and medicine use and toxic exposure were common inducements of ATIN. Compared with the ATN group, ATIN patients had higher female proportion (57.0% vs 33.9%) and lower BMI (22.9±3.6 vs 24.6±3.9, P

Mulberry is the fruit of Morus alba L, family Moraceae. The dried fruit spikes of Morus alba L, is a widely used herbal medicine with a variety of bioactive substances, including polyphenols such as anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and other compounds. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the vasoprotective properties of mulberry and its extracts in relation to cardiovascular disease and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. In previous studies, the antioxidant effects of mulberry in vivo and in vitro have been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses; regulate lipid metabolism, prevent lipid accumulation, inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation and foam cell formation; regulate metabolism to exert a hypoglycemic effect, ameliorate endothelial cell senescence by increasing the level of nitric oxide (NO); exert diastolic and hypotensive effects and inhibit the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. In the clinical aspect, mulberry can effectively reduce serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and triglyceride (TG) levels, and has a good effect on diabetic patients. Thus, mulberry, as a medicinal plant rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds with a variety of pharmacological properties, appears to be a low-risk, low-cost complementary therapy for cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straw return with chemical fertilizers is integral to improving soil quality and the sustainability of agricultural production. However, little is known about how straw return with chemical fertilizer application affects CO2 emissions and carbon pools from the perspective of nutrient stoichiometry. We conducted a 2‐year (2020–2021) field experiment in a wheat–maize rotation system in silty clay loam to study the effects of straw return and fertilizer application on CO2 emissions, soil carbon pools and yields by applying stoichiometry. A split‐plot experimental design was used (straw was main treatment, and fertilizer was the split‐plot treatment). The treatments were no straw return + no fertilizer (S0W), no straw return + mineral nitrogen fertilizer (S0N), no straw return + mineral nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (S0NP), straw return + no fertilizer (SW), straw return + mineral nitrogen fertilizer (SN) and straw return + mineral nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (SNP). The results indicated that, compared with S0W, the SNP treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) storage by 17% and 13% in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil horizons, respectively. Additionally, compared with S0W, the SNP and SN treatments significantly increased the annual cumulative CO2 emissions by 85% and 41%, respectively. Furthermore, the SNP and SN treatments significantly increased the annual yield by 61% and 38%, respectively, compared with S0W. Our results indicated that straw and fertilizer inputs reduced the C:Nimbalance in the topsoil (0–20 cm), with fertilizer inputs showing a more pronounced effect. However, straw incorporation increased the C:Nimbalance in subsoil (20–40 cm). Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation models (SEM) suggested that 0–20 cm carbon‐phosphorus ratio (C:P) and nitrogen‐phosphorus ratio (N:P) could be significant predictors of annual yield and CO2 emissions. In conclusion, straw and fertilizers enhanced soil nutrient effectiveness and reduced carbon mineralization in favour of SOC storage. However, the input of exogenous materials (straw and fertilizers) disrupted the soil ecological stoichiometric balance and stimulated microbial activity, leading to increased CO2 emissions. Overall, this study provides theoretical guidance and scientific support for the green development of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In greenhouse vegetable production, reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) effectively mitigates soil-borne diseases, yet its impact on the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) has not been adequately examined. This study investigated the distribution of soil aggregates and the organic carbon retention mechanism following intensive RSD treatment. Greenhouse experiments, including control (CK), wheat straw (RSD), and wheat straw with chemical fertilizer (RSD + NP) treatments, indicated augmentation in the formation of macro-aggregates (>2 mm and 0.25–2 mm) under RSD, particularly in the RSD + NP treatment. Silty clay particles transform into macro- and micro-aggregates. Fourier infrared spectroscopy highlighted the augmentation of carbon-containing functional groups in SOC, with aliphatic carbon accumulating in macro-aggregates and aromatic carbon in silt clay. Laboratory culture experiments employing different C/N ratios (RSD1 with wheat straw, RSD2 with kiwifruit branches) underscored the beneficial impact of low C/N ratio organic matter on coarse and fine macro-aggregate content, mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and reduced silt clay. Low C/N ratios enhance SOC retention in large aggregates, while high ratios stabilise micro-aggregate carbon. This research underscores the severe degradation in continuous greenhouse cropping systems and emphasises RSD's dual benefits—disease prevention and improved SOC retention. Implementing RSD requires careful consideration of organic material choices, specifically their C/N ratios, as a pivotal factor influencing SOC dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]