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Objective·To explore the feasibility of applying improved pathological section boxes based on image post-processing and 3D printing technology to assisting artificial intelligence (AI) in stitching pathological images of bone tumors.Methods·Bone tumor patients who underwent tumor resection surgery between February 2022 and August 2022 were enrolled. Patients and their postoperative tumor specimens were examined by CT and MRI. The skeletal anatomical landmarks of bone tumors were used to register the preoperative CT, and MRI and the postoperative CT images. The personalized pathological slice box was improved and 3D printed to guide the cutting direction of bone tumor specimens. The large pathological slices were grid-like segmented and performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. After AI stitching the pathological images, the pathological tumor boundaries were compared with the preoperative radiological boundaries.Results·Four patients with bone tumors (2 bone metastatic neoplasm, 1 osteosarcoma, and 1 chondrosarcoma; 3 males and 1 female) were collected to design the pathological section box with an average age of (40.25±25.70) years. The lesions included 3 cases of femur and 1 case of ilium. The mean maximum tumor diameter was (12.10±4.02) cm. The modified 3D printed pathological section box could fit the surface of bone tumor individually,and overcame the problems of difficult cutting or inaccurate cutting location caused by excessive movement of bone tumor specimens in the primary pathological section box. The pathological boundaries could be completely obtained and compared with the preoperative MRI boundaries for colocalization. The outline features of the section boxes could help AI to restore the permutation of pathological fragments, and the image stitching time decreased from the previous seventy hours to one hour while the boundary coincidence rates increased to 90%.Conclusion·The improved pathological section box of 3D printing can accurately assist AI in stitching pathological images, greatly improve the efficiency of pathological image stitching and achieve the colocalization between preoperative MRI and pathological images of bone tumor specimens.

In order to explore the anti-penetration property of carbon fiber composite materials, a series of experiments need to be carried out. In experiments, 8 g cubic steel fragments penetrated carbon fiber reinforced plastics whose thickness are 5, 10 and 15 mm respectively. The velocity of fragments was obtained, the situation of target was observed, fragments and carbon fiber were recovered. The numerical simulations were carried out according to the situation of experiments. The process of fragments penetrating carbon fiber composite target was explored, and the failure mechanism of carbon fiber composite target was also explored. The relationship between the failure mode and velocity of fragments could be described as follows: when the fragment velocity exceeds the ballistic limit, the main form of target damage is fiber shear failure; when the fragment velocity is lower than the ballistic limit, the damage forms of the target include fiber shear failure, fiber tensile failure, matrix cracking and fiber layer delamination, and their proportions change with the fragment velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strip‐like bulge is a storm‐time conjugate ionospheric plasma density enhancement, constituted by the plasmaspheric H+/He+, that extends widely (over 150° in longitude) in the zonal dimension but occupies only 1°–5° in latitude. Based on in‐situ measurements of 11 low earth orbit satellites, this study statistically investigates the bulge structures of geomagnetic storms driven by 136 interplanetary coronal mass ejections during 2000–2021. The statistical results show that the strip‐like bulges are observed at the end of the storm main phase and can persist for more than 60 hr. The spatial and temporal coverage of the strip‐like bulge varies from storm to storm. However, the bulges do exhibit occurrence preferences: stronger storms (for the ICME‐driven) during solar minimum periods, the Asian‐Pacific sector (with eastward magnetic declination), and the nightside of the dawn‐dusk terminator. A quiet time density enhancement called mid‐latitude enhancement could be recognized as a precursor of the strip‐like bulge. The evolution features of the plasmapause height exhibit similarities with the strip‐like bulge, indicating a field‐aligned downward and cross‐L inward intrusion of the plasmaspheric ions. The local net ion drifts partly support this scenario with downward/inward being the most dominant but not unique pattern, the other diverse net ion drift configurations exist but their impact on the strip‐like bulges remains unclear. Plain Language Summary: A geomagnetic storm is a major disturbance of Earth's magnetic field when energy from the solar wind is effectively injected into the space environment surrounding Earth. During a storm, the ionosphere from 80 to 1,000 km is affected, and a sharp increase in ionospheric ion density with a narrow latitudinal range could be observed at low‐mid latitudes. The main ions constituting the sharp increase are H+/He+, which are the primary ions in the plasmasphere. We called this increase the "bulge." Toward a better understanding of the principal nature as well as the formation mechanisms of the structure, we extracted a number of samples snapshotted by many satellites to conduct a statistical investigation. It is found that the bulges prefer to appear in the Asian‐Pacific region, at 18:00‐06:00 LT, during strong storms, and under solar minimum conditions. Before their appearance, a smoother density peak structure is often observed, which could be recognized as the precursor. We suggested a substantial transfer of ions from higher to lower altitudes and the storm‐induced disturbance neutral wind, causing the smoother density peak structure to evolve into the bulge. Key Points: Occurrence of bulge has no strict limitation but shows some dependences on longitude, storm intensity, local time, and solar activityMidlatitude extra density peak could be recognized as a precursor of the strip‐like bulgeIon drift within the flux tube of the bulges is mainly in the field‐aligned downward/cross‐L inward pattern [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the tumor progression. Among TME components, cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) show multiple tumor‐promoting effects and can induce tumor immune evasion and drug‐resistance. Regulating CAFs can be a potential strategy to augment systemic anti‐tumor immunity. Here, the study observes that hydrogen treatment can alleviate intracellular reactive oxygen species of CAFs and reshape CAFs' tumor‐promoting and immune‐suppressive phenotypes. Accordingly, a controllable and TME‐responsive hydrogen therapy based on a CaCO3 nanoparticles‐coated magnesium system (Mg‐CaCO3) is developed. The hydrogen therapy by Mg‐CaCO3 can not only directly kill tumor cells, but also inhibit pro‐tumor and immune suppressive factors in CAFs, and thus augment immune activities of CD4+ T cells. As implanted in situ, Mg‐CaCO3 can significantly suppress tumor growth, turn the "cold" primary tumor into "hot", and stimulate systematic anti‐tumor immunity, which is confirmed by the bilateral tumor transplantation models of "cold tumor" (4T1 cells) and "hot tumor" (MC38 cells). This hydrogen therapy system reverses immune suppressive phenotypes of CAFs, thus providing a systematic anti‐tumor immune stimulating strategy by remodeling tumor stromal microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer immunotherapy holds great promise but is generally limited by insufficient induction of anticancer immune responses. In this work, Microcystis aerugiosa (MA) is observed to act as an immune stimulator, which activates the cGAS‐STING and IRF‐signaling pathways of dendritic cells (DCs), induces immunostimulatory factors production, eventually resulting in the death of tumor cells by promoting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells infiltration. To further enhance the tumor immunogenicity, MA is engineered with polydopamine (PDA) and assembled in injectable Pluronic F127 hydrogels (denoted as MA@PDA‐F127). The introduction of PDA endows the MA@PDA‐F127 with photothermal therapy capability, which enhances the immunogenicity by in situ exposing damage‐associated molecular patterns and tumor antigens from dying tumor cells. Importantly, the surface‐rich reaction sites in thermosensitive MA@PDA‐F127 hydrogels capture antigens, facilitating long retention of antigens exposure and enhancing DCs maturation for advanced anti‐tumor immune response. Accordingly, in situ administration of MA@PDA‐F127 hydrogels in a single dose achieves efficient eradication of both primary and distant tumors in an orthotopic tumor metastasis model. Furthermore, this hydrogel can sensitize immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and enhance T cell infiltration in a murine tumor model. Collectively, MA@PDA‐F127 hydrogel offers an effective anti‐tumor therapeutic by augmenting tumor immunogenicity and activating a systematic immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]