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This paper summarizes the research progress on the types of interactions between proteins and polyphenols and their effects on protein characteristics, and prospects the future foods with the coexistence of polyphenols and proteins.

Abstract: Uptake and release of carbon in grassland ecosystems is very critical to the global carbon balance and carbon storage. In this study, the dynamics of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (F NEE) of two grassland ecosystems were observed continuously using the eddy covariance technique during the growing season of 2003. One is the alpine shrub on the Tibet Plateau, and the other is the semi-arid Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia of China. It was found that the F NEE of both ecosystems was significantly depressed under high solar radiation. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the depression of F NEE in the L. chinensis steppe was the results of decreased plant photosynthesis and increased ecosystem respiration (R eco) under high temperature. Soil water stress in addition to the high atmospheric demand under the strong radiation was the primary factor limiting the stomatal conductance. In contrast, the depression of F NEE in the alpine shrub was closely related to the effects of temperature on both photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration, coupled with the reduction of plant photosynthesis due to partial stomatal closure under high temperature at mid-day. The R eco of the alpine shrub was sensitive to soil temperature during high turbulence (u * >0.2ms−1) but its F NEE decreased markedly when the temperature was higher than the optimal value of about 12°C. Such low optimal temperature contrasted the optimal value (about 20°C) for the steppe, and was likely due to the acclimation of most alpine plants to the long-term low temperature on the Tibet Plateau. We inferred that water stress was the primary factor causing depression of the F NEE in the semi-arid steppe ecosystem, while relative high temperature under strong solar radiation was the main reason for the decrease of F NEE in the alpine shrub. This study implies that different grassland ecosystems may respond differently to climate change in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The extraction of the red pellicle of walnut (Juglans regia L.) was analyzed by UV-visible spectra and HPLC-ESI-MS(n) (high-performance-liquid-chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry). The extraction in ethanol-HCl showed two absorption peaks at 560 and 591 nm respectively in the UV-Vis spectrum; after purified by lead acetate and thin-layer-chromatography, the extraction in ethanol-HCl showed 4 absorption peaks at 340, 370, 552 and 585 nm respectively. These results testified that the anthocyanin was in the extraction. Six molecular ion peaks (m/z) occurred on MS: 301, 481, 633, 783, 785 and 950, which was identified as ellagic acid, Hexahydroxydiphenoyl(HHDP)-glucose, Galloyl-HHDP-glucose, Di-HHDP-glucose, Di-Galloyl-HHDP-glucose, and HHDP-Valoneoyl-glucose respectively.